International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research

Analysis of Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2020 Concerning Guidelines for The Criminalization of Corruption Crimes in the Perspective of Justice

2025-04-04T01:41:43+00:00

Supreme Court Regulation (Perma) Number 1 of 2020 was issued as a guideline for judges in determining the punishment of perpetrators of corruption crimes. This guideline aims to create legal certainty, pro-portionality, and consistency in the imposition of criminal sanctions in order to achieve substantive justice. This study analyzes the extent to which the application of the Perma has reflected the principle of justice, both from the perspective of criminal law and restorative jus-tice. Using juridical-normative methods and a case comparison ap-proach, this study finds that the implementation of Perma No. 1 of 2020 still faces challenges in judicial practice, especially in adjusting to the elements of state losses and the level of guilt of the defendants. The problem that will be discussed in this study is how urgent is the evaluation of Perma No. 1 of 2020 concerning guidelines for criminal-izing corruption crimes from a justice perspective. The research method used is a normative research method with a statute ap-proach, case approach, and theoretical approach, and analyzed using content analysis.

Challenges in Cooperative Learning Approach in Secondary Social Studies Instruction, Zone 1, Department of Education, Division of Zambales, Philippines

2025-04-04T01:41:41+00:00

This study examines the challenges encountered in implement-ing the cooperative Learning (CL) approach in Secondary Social Studies instruction in Zone 1, Division of Zambales, Philippines. using descriptive research design, survey data were collected from 101 randomly selected Social Studies teachers. Findings indicate that teacher sometimes utilize the CL approach and face challenges related to student engagement, teacher preparation, and assessment methods. The study recommends that teachers explore alternative cooperative learning strategies such as the Tea Party, Carousel, CO-OP CO-OP, and Round Robin methods. Additionally, structured planning and classroom management techniques should be prioritized to enhance the effectiveness of cooperative learning.

Utilization and Types of Laboratory Approaches Employed in Public Secondary Schools in Ilocos Norte

2025-04-04T01:41:39+00:00

This study investigates the laboratory practices of science teachers in public secondary schools within the Schools Division of Ilocos Norte, focusing on the types of laboratory teaching approaches employed and their frequency of use. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data were collected through surveys to assess the extent of implementation of various methodologies, including Demonstration, Guided Inquiry, Open Inquiry, Structured Inquiry, and Confirmation Inquiry. The analy-sis revealed a significant correlation between the types of approaches used and their frequency of implementation, with Demonstration and Guided Inquiry being the most frequently employed methods. In con-trast, Open Inquiry and Confirmation Inquiry were utilized less often, indicating potential barriers to their implementation. The findings highlight the need for targeted professional development to enhance teachers' confidence and skills in employing a wider range of inquiry-based approaches. This research contributes valuable insights into the current state of laboratory practices in science education, emphasizing the importance of understanding these practices to inform future train-ing and support initiatives aimed at improving science instruction and fostering a more effective learning environment for students. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of these teaching ap-proaches on student learning outcomes and to identify challenges faced by teachers in implementing diverse laboratory methodologies.

Preparedness, Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers and School Heads in the Implementation of Face-to-face Classes in Zone 2, Schools Division of Zambales, Philippines

2025-04-04T01:41:36+00:00

This study examines the preparedness, challenges, and coping mech-anisms of teachers and school heads in implementing face-to-face classes in Zone 2, Schools Division of Zambales. Using a descriptive-quantitative approach, the study surveyed 228 teachers and 13 school heads. Findings reveal that teachers and school heads are highly pre-pared, though challenges persist in workload management and re-source availability. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference in preparedness levels between teachers and school heads, but no significant difference in perceived challenges and coping mechanisms. Furthermore, no correlation was found between preparedness and challenges, as well as between challenges and coping mechanisms, suggesting that preparedness is independent of encountered chal-lenges. The study highlights the need for ongoing training and support for educators.

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions – A Study of Filipino Canadians

2025-04-04T01:41:34+00:00

Understanding Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions is the tool that this researcher used to examine the cultural differences between Philip-pines and Canada, as well as new emerging culture of the Filipino Ca-nadians as a sub-group of cultures. This research study examines the different cultural dimensions - Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoid-ance, Individualism / Collectivism, Masculinity / Femininity, and Short Term / Long Term Orientation to understand the factors affect-ing the underrepresentation of Filipino Canadian Engineers in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in Canada. The respondents of this research study are internationally trained Filipino Canadian Engineers who are also members of the Associa-tion of Filipino Canadian Engineers (AFCE). The researcher used a combination of self-made Survey Questionnaires published on Google Forms and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires were sent via email and/or social media platforms such as Messenger and LinkedIn. The data collected were tallied, analyzed, interpreted and summa-rized using statistical treatments such as Mean, Pearson r correlation, Standard Deviation and Frequency. The study revealed that Filipinos have assimilated well into the Canadian Society in terms of the Hof-stede’s Cultural Dimensions with the exemption of Collectivism. In terms of Power Distance, Filipino Canadians revealed a low score while in the Motivation towards Achievement and Success, Filipino Canadians prefer a more work-life balance, both comparable to Cana-dians. The study also revealed that many Filipino Canadian Engineers feel that they are underrepresented in the Engineering and Construc-tion industry in their new home, Canada. Filipinos should start con-versations on Diversity and Inclusion to mitigate this problem. These findings will help community leaders to develop courses and pro-grams that will help pave the way for Filipinos to effectively assimi-late to a diverse and inclusive Canadian society.

Big Data Revolution: Enhancing Financial Planning and Budgeting Strategies

2025-04-04T01:40:59+00:00

Companies leverage big data in accounting to enhance decision-making processes, thereby increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of budgeting and financial planning. By analyzing vast amounts of da-ta, businesses can gain insights into customer behavior, develop strategies to improve customer experience, make accurate forecasts of financial results, and refine their planning and budgeting processes. This study employs a dynamic data model to accurately estimate the relationships between various financial variables, with a particular focus on analyzing key performance indicators. The goal is to achieve consistency and reliability in the results, ultimately contributing to more informed and strategic financial decisions.
The findings of this study suggest that the integration of big data analytics in financial planning and budgeting leads to improved accu-racy in financial forecasts, enhanced ability to identify and mitigate financial risks, and better alignment of budgeting processes with strategic business objectives. Additionally, companies that utilize big data are found to have a competitive advantage in terms of opera-tional efficiency and customer satisfaction. These insights underscore the transformative potential of big data in revolutionizing financial management practices.

Learners’ Level of Difficulty in Using Mother Tongue-Based Instruction on Mathematics and Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge

2025-04-04T01:40:57+00:00

The main thrust of the study was to determine the learners’ level of difficulty in using Mother Tongue Based Instruction on the Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge to their Mathematics and MTAP performances of 195 Grades 3 learners in public elementary schools of Tubigon East and West Districts, Tubigon, Bohol. This research used quantitative methods through descriptive and corre-lational designs using the survey questionnaire that was used to collect the data from Grade 3 learners in 17 public elementary schools in Tubigon East District and 14 public elementary schools in Tubigon West District. This also included all the primary schools with multigrade classes in the said districts. The study used the Mann Whitney U Test to test the significant difference between the learners’ level of difficulty in using Mother tongue-based instruction on the Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge and the learners’ profile. Results of the investigation unfolded that there is a signifi-cant relationship between the level of difficulty in using Mother tongue-based instruction on the Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge and the learners’ profile with a p-value of .000. The result of the study led to the conclusion that using the mother tongue in teaching Mathematics significantly impacts pupils' performance in the Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge competition, often leading to lower scores; where the competition's questions are pre-sented in English, a language quite different from the student's first language, "Sinugbuanong Binisaya." Thus, this discrepancy creates a mismatch between the language used in the classroom and the me-dium of instruction in the competition. It is recommended that the organizers and administrators review the use of Mother Tongue-Based instruction. It is also recommended to have more intensive training and seminars for the Mathematics teachers that relate to the Metrobank-MTAP-DepEd Math Challenge. Furthermore, review materials may be developed and provided to the Grades 1 to 3 teachers.

From Idea to Innovation: Unveiling the Design-Based Research Experiences in a State University

2025-04-04T01:40:54+00:00

Design-based research is a methodology that integrates theory and practice to develop innovative solutions in re-al-world educational settings. This study employed a phe-nomenological approach, intended to understand the lived ex-periences design-based researchers towards their research undertakings from January to May 2024. It aimed to describe the experiences of design-based researchers in conducting DBR: challenges encountered, strategies employed in address-ing the challenges, and insights gained. Twenty purposively sampled participants were interviewed using a validated open-ended questionnaire. The data were analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. Where, the research revealed that de-sign-based researchers experience a mix of fulfillment and challenges, including a lack of prior experience, time constraints, stress, financial limitations, and interper-sonal conflicts. To navigate these hurdles, they employ strategies such as maintaining a proactive mindset, col-laborating with stakeholders, and embracing flexibility and continuous learning. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative networks and mentorship while rec-ommending enhanced support through training and re-sources to improve the DBR research process and out-comes.

Income Tax and Salary Liability Incentives: Microenterprise Law Highly Availed Privileges

2025-04-04T01:40:52+00:00

This study evaluates the operational impact of two key incentives under the Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBE) Law (Repub-lic Act No. 9178): Exemption from Income Tax & Fees (mean rating: 3.71) and Exemption from the Coverage of Minimum Wage Law (mean rating: 4.12). Through a quantitative survey of 192 regis-tered microenterprises, the study analyzed how these provisions in-fluence business sustainability and policy outcomes. For the first in-centive, Exemption from Income Tax & Fees, findings confirm its role in stimulating microenterprise growth without compromising na-tional fiscal stability. Aligning with Zax’s (2018) framework on tar-geted tax exemptions, the law achieves policy goals while minimizing economic distortions. However, enhanced monitoring mechanisms and adaptive tax schemes are recommended to balance relief with equitable economic participation. The second incentive, Exemption from the Coverage of Minimum Wage Law, reveals a dual effect: while employees face short-term income constraints, microenterprises pri-oritize sustained employment over strict wage compliance. Resource limitations among owners hinder adherence to wage standards, un-derscoring the need for interventions like microfinancing and target-ed subsidies. Such measures could reconcile operational viability with improved employee welfare. These results emphasize the necessity of incentive frameworks that empower microenterprises while safe-guarding employee interests. Structuring policies around adaptive monitoring, equitable resource access, and long-term employment stability can enhance the BMBE Law’s effectiveness. By addressing these dual imperatives, policymakers can foster microenterprise re-silience without undermining broader economic equity.

Development of a Training Program for Upskilling Science Teachers’ Laboratory Competence

2025-04-04T01:40:49+00:00

Science education in the Philippines is presently alarming due to the low achievement rating in various international assessments. This problem is rooted in the low utilization of laboratory-based instruction due to inadequate laboratory facilities and equip-ment. Hence, a descriptive-correlational research approach was conducted to determine the knowledge and skill competence of public-school teachers. Using a researcher-made survey ques-tionnaire, it was revealed that the respondents have very high knowledge and skill competence when it comes to laboratory instruction with a mean score of 4.08 apiece. Meanwhile, an R-value of 0.9121 was computed showing a positive relationship between knowledge and skill competence. The result shows that teachers are competent enough to perform lab-based activities; however, there is a need for them to undergo training and semi-nars due to the low utilization of lab activities. From here, a training program dubbed as SCILAW was formulated. Through this, teachers will be able to hone their knowledge and skills in using lab-based teaching approaches.

University Stakeholders' Awareness and Knowledge on the Nature and Forms of Cyberbullying

2025-04-04T01:40:47+00:00

Cyberbullying has emerged as a pressing issue in the digital age, af-fecting individuals across various demographics and social groups. This study examines university stakeholders' awareness and knowledge regarding the nature and forms of cyberbullying. Employ-ing a descriptive-survey research design, data were collected from students, faculty, non-teaching staff, and administrators through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that while there is a high level of awareness about cyberbullying and its consequences, gaps remain in understanding specific forms and preventive measures. The study highlights the crucial role of universities in fos-tering a safer digital environment through policy implementation, awareness campaigns, and support mechanisms. It also emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to mitigate the risks of cyberbullying. The study recommends the enhancement of institutional policies, increased training sessions for university members, and the integration of digital literacy programs to promote responsible online behavior.

In the Digital Spheres: Navigating Artificial Intelligence in Teaching

2025-04-04T01:40:44+00:00

Artificial Intelligence is one of the most advanced technological tool which was developed to proceed convenient and fastest gen-eration of ideas and concepts. This study described and examined the use and effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the traditional teaching landscape in the study. It utilized descriptive correlation-al research design where researcher-made questionnaire was used as the main instrument of the study. It was participated by 500 public secondary teachers in the Philippines. Findings showed that Artificial Intelligence as perceived by teachers was useful and directly beneficial to facilitate effective and retentive instruction, effectively provides relevant and highly diversified instructional methods and strategies which teachers can use in order to cater the individual needs and interests of learners and provides enor-mous amount of assessment styles, procedures and methods that objectively assess learners’ academic performances. Also, AI is perceived by teachers to be an effective tool in providing effective learning acquisition process as AI provides accurate data which are timely and relevant, provides instructional styles and methods which are practical and highly engaging and institute authentic assessment s that reflect real-world activities thereby promoting effective transfer of learning. Apparently, as the effectiveness of AI in instruction increases, learners’ learning acquisition also in-creases. AI as digital platform help increase instructional compe-tence of teachers through provision of accurate and reliable infor-mation or data gathered which can be potentially used during the teaching and learning process.

Puppets and Protection: The Impact of Puppet-Based Videos on Teaching Pre-schoolers About COVID-19

2025-04-04T01:40:42+00:00

The UNICEF’s Annual Report 2020 stressed the profound effect of the pandemic on the lives of children. When schools closed indefinitely and they lost access to many vital services, their felt anxious and unsettled (UNICEF, 2021). Young children are most vulnerable. To be able to protect them, they must be given accurate information on COVID-19. Although information about this infectious disease abound, they are mostly intended for adults. Hence, the need to design an informative material that is suitable for young children. Following the ADDIE model, the researchers designed a puppet video consisting of three episodes presented using the Filipino language that focused mainly on COVID-19 awareness and precautions. Forty-two pupils, 32 teachers, and 17 parents from three Day Care Centers participated in the study. The pupils were tested before and after watching the videos. Results show a statistically significant improvement in awareness, with the average score increasing by 0.43 points (from 14.41 to 14.83). The change is unlikely to be caused by random chance (p < 0.018), signifying the effectiveness of the material in improving COVID-19 awareness. Likewise, the teachers and parent-participants found the video highly effective in enhancing their children’s awareness of the dreaded disease. This study proves that a well-prepared, interesting, and highly informative technology-enhanced instructional material can be an effective method of raising awareness about health and social issues among very young children.

Tax Knowledge, Tax Enforcement Efforts, and Tax Compliance among Agribusinesses in Tagum City

2025-04-04T01:40:38+00:00

The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between tax knowledge and tax enforcement efforts towards tax compliance of agri-business owners in Tagum City that could benefit the Agri-business owners, BIR, LGUs, Department of Agriculture (DA), and future researchers. The sample size of 259 was determined using the Slovin formula, and respondents were identified through simple random sampling. The results of this study are based on the data gathered from respondents who are managers, owners, or accounting staff of a registered agri-business through the dissemination of an adopted questionnaire authored by Twum et al. (2020) and Oladele et al. (2019) for the independent variables and Abdulazeez et al. (2018) for the dependent variable. Statistical tools used in this study are mean and Pearson r. The results of this study show that the level of tax knowledge, tax enforcement efforts, and tax compliance are all very high. In addition, the results indicate a positive significant relationship between tax knowledge and tax compliance and relationship between tax enforcement efforts and tax compliance. Thus, the null hypothesis of the two relationships in this study is rejected. The study suggests considering tax knowledge and tax enforcement efforts to improve tax compliance.

Factors Affecting the Absenteeism Among Senior High School Learners

2025-04-04T01:39:40+00:00

Student absenteeism was a persistent issue in education, affecting academic performance and future opportunities. This study explored the factors that influenced absenteeism among senior high school learners in one of the Public Secondary High Schools in Cluster 1 Division of Pampanga, Philippines. Using a sequential-explanatory research design, the study first collected quantitative data through surveys and then conducted qualitative interviews with selected respondents. Findings revealed that absenteeism was influenced by financial constraints, health issues, family problems, lack of sleep, overloaded academic activities, and unfavorable school environments. The study highlighted that student facing financial difficulties often missed school due to lack of transportation funds and daily allowances. Similarly, frequent illness and family-related responsibilities contributed to absences. Additionally, academic pressures, strict teachers, and peer conflicts negatively impacted students' motivation to attend school. The study emphasized the need for targeted interventions, such as financial aid programs, mental health support, and policy adjustments in school administration, to minimize absenteeism. Addressing these concerns could enhance student engagement, academic performance, and overall well-being

The Academic Anxiety Level and Coping Mechanism of Seventh Graders in Public Secondary School

2025-04-04T01:39:38+00:00

This study explored academic anxiety and coping strategies among seventh graders in a public secondary school. It aimed to assess anxiety levels, identify causes, and examine how students manage stress. Using a sequential explanatory design, 61 students were randomly selected from 360 seventh graders. Results showed moderate anxiety levels, mainly due to peer noise, high expectations, peer pressure, and heavy workloads. Students coped through study planning, positive thinking, and support from teachers and family, while some resorted to avoidance, worsening stress. The study emphasized the need for schools to provide interventions like awareness seminars and structured support to promote healthier coping strategies. Teachers also play a key role in reducing stress by fostering a supportive learning environment. The findings contribute to discussions on academic anxiety and can help shape educational policies to improve students’ well-being and success.

Assessment of Time Management Scale of Science, Technology and Engineering Learners

2025-04-04T01:39:36+00:00

This study aims to assess the time management strategies of Science, Technology, and Engineering (STE) students in one of the public secondary high schools in Cluster 1 Division of Pampanga, Philippines. It aims to understand their challenges, techniques, and the role of technology in their daily academic routines. Effective time management is important for balancing schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and personal responsibilities, yet many students struggle with prioritization and planning. A sequential explanatory approach is employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The study first collected responses from a standardized questionnaire to evaluate students' time management habits. Qualitative interviews with selected participants followed this to gain deeper insights into their experiences. The results showed that some students have good habits, like learning from mistakes, while many rely too much on their phones to keep track of time instead of using planners or calendars. Technology also causes distractions, leading to procrastination and stress. Students often struggled with last-minute cramming and lack of sleep. To improve time management, students should plan their tasks, break significant assignments into smaller steps, and limit their time on non-school-related apps. This study showed that better time management could help students feel less stressed and perform better in school.

Emotional Intelligence and Aggressive Behaviors: The Case of Police Offic-ers Frontliners Amid Covid-19 Pandemic

2025-04-04T01:39:34+00:00

This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and aggressive behaviors among Philippine National Po-lice (PNP) frontliners during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respond-ents included 180 police officers from the Dipolog and Dapitan City Police Stations. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design and a quantitative approach, data were gathered through a question-naire checklist and analyzed using frequency counting, percentages, weighted mean, standard deviation, the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient.The findings revealed that police officers exhibited high levels of emo-tional intelligence, including self-awareness, emotion regulation, self-motivation, social awareness, social skills, and receptivity. Emotional intelligence was unaffected by age, sex, or years of experience. Mean-while, the officers demonstrated rare physical aggression but moder-ate levels of verbal, emotional, and hostile aggression, resulting in an overall moderate level of aggression. Aggressive behaviors showed no significant differences based on age or years of experience but var-ied significantly by sex. It means that women often score higher in social awareness and empathy, while men excel in self-confidence or emotion regulation. Moreover, the study identified a marginal but significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and aggressive behaviors at a medium level. The findings suggest that law enforcement officers should enhance their ability to monitor and manage emotions in themselves and others to guide their actions effectively. It is recommended that police stations in Dipolog and Dapitan establish partnerships with health and social care providers to support staff well-being, manage risks, and address aggressive be-havior incidents through prevention, protection, and treatment strat-egies.

Principals’ Competence in Performance Management of Private Secondary School Teachers in the Division of Nueva Ecija

2025-04-04T01:39:31+00:00

Teacher quality is the most important factor influencing student achievement, highlighting the key role of teachers in improving learner outcomes. Managing teacher performance is essential to enhancing teaching quality. Therefore, principals must continually develop their skills in planning, monitoring, and reviewing to effectively manage teacher performance. This study determined and described the principals’ competence in performance management of teachers in the private secondary schools in the Division of Nueva Ecija. The descriptive method of research was employed in the study. Survey instruments in the form of questionnaires were distributed to thirty-six (36) principal- respondents, thirty-three (33) department heads and two hundred one (201) teachers. The findings clearly indicate that all the respondents displayed common perceptions on the principals’ competence in managing the performance of teachers, and considered performance management as a means for quality improvement in educational practice to ensure better teaching and learning has taken place in the classroom. The findings, however, showed that there was a significant difference between and among the perceptions of the respondent- principals, department heads and teachers on the level of principals’ competence in teacher performance management only in the area of monitoring. The overall findings of the study reflected that the principals were highly competent in the three areas of performance management: planning, monitoring and reviewing performance of teachers. Hence, there is only a need to sustain principals’ competence in teacher performance management.

Quantifying Water Footprints in Selected Barangays of Sofronio Española, Palawan: Advancing Watershed Conservation and Management

2025-04-04T01:39:28+00:00

This study examines the water footprint and watershed man-agement practices in Sofronio Española, Palawan, focusing on sus-tainability, conservation, and efficient resource use. Using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative analyses to assess water resource conditions, con-sumption trends, and environmental impacts within the Pulot Wa-tershed.
The primary objectives are to evaluate water supply compo-nents, water footprints, and resource conditions, understanding the broader environmental consequences, with the goal of promot-ing sustainable water management strategies.
Quantitative data were collected through household surveys with metered water connections using stratified sampling, along-side secondary data from water system records. These data were analysed using trend analysis, forecasting models, and GIS-based spatial mapping. Qualitative data from interviews with key in-formants provided insights into local perspectives on water con-servation, management challenges, and the effectiveness of poli-cies.
The findings reveal that rapid population growth, deforesta-tion, and land-use changes due to agriculture, mining, and urbani-zation are significantly impacting the Pulot Watershed. These is-sues, compounded by slash-and-burn farming and inadequate wa-ter management, are contributing to environmental degradation and jeopardizing the watershed’s ability to meet growing water demands. The study highlights critical gaps in governance, public awareness, and stakeholder involvement, emphasizing the need for integrated water resource management.
Key recommendations include addressing population growth, improving water management systems, enhancing infrastructure, promoting community participation, and implementing pollution control measures and habitat restoration. These actions align with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and aim to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the water-shed.

Georgia's Post-Independence Scientific Output and Prospects

2025-04-04T01:39:25+00:00

After the collapse of the USSR and the gaining of independence, the breaking of the informationally limited space led Georgia to the need to adopt new goals, policies, or reforms in the field of science, which should bring Georgia closer to the international scientific community. The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of Georgia's scien-tific output after gaining independence and analyse the prospects of development. To achieve the set goal, a systematic methodological approach is used: desk research, induction, deduction, statistical, time and space comparison, analysis, synthesis, etc. The paper dis-cusses as separate directions the historical background; The institu-tional landscape and the role of leading scientific institutions; The challenges of Georgian scientific journals and the issue of indexing in international scientific databases; Scientific publication activity; The number and structure of Georgian researchers; Involvement of the state in the formation of the scientific landscape; Expenditure on re-search and development; Scientific cooperation. The study showed that since independence, the scientific sector of Georgia has encoun-tered two major issues: financial constraints and the outflow of scien-tists from the country. Yet, the scientific situation has slightly im-proved, although the number of scientists is still not high. In recent years, the number and quality of scientific articles have increased, especially in medicine and engineering. In the future, for increasing scientific productivity, Georgia can increase research funds, promote holding talented scientists, and improve cooperation with interna-tional bodies. Creating programs for innovation and strengthening patent mechanisms will also be an input into technological progress.

Exploring Emilio Aguinaldo College Nursing Graduate Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study

2025-04-04T01:39:23+00:00

The tracer study sheds light on the importance of feedback from nurs-ing alumni about various aspects of their post-graduation experience. Its main purpose is to assess the effectiveness and relevance of the educational programs provided. The study typically collects infor-mation on employment status, job satisfaction, skills acquired, and the relevance of these skills to the labor market. Strengthening the relationship between the school and the alumni fosters networking opportunities, mentorship, and contributions to the Marian School of Nursing. The study specifically aimed to explore career placement and progression. A quantitative descriptive approach was used to analyze survey responses from 201 alumni nurses who graduated between 1992 and 2023. Online surveys were administered to alumni via Google forms. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze re-spondents' feedback. Results revealed that the majority have re-mained to work in the Philippines at 72% while a few Emilian nurses have chosen to work in the United States of America at 8.9%. Seven-teen percent (17%) of the respondents diverted to other career pathways or non-nursing jobs, with a predominance of Nursing grad-uates settling with their chosen career (83%). Based on the respond-ents' viewpoint, they have expressed deep gratitude towards their alma mater. Mostly have praised EAC for the gained excellent educa-tional experience and precious memories they have had during col-lege days. These are consistent achievements of the program goals and outcomes where alumni are expected to live a life of Virtue, Ex-cellence and Service. However, the study's findings suggest that our nursing leaders in academia and practice should make a firm com-mitment to working together to promote high-quality nursing prac-tice as well as high-quality nursing education. Global nursing leaders have the power to educate not only the next generation of nurses but also the public, including policymakers in both public and private in-stitutions. This is particularly true when it comes to enacting perti-nent laws that will help produce high-caliber nurses for both nursing practice and nursing education.

Challenges Faced by PNP in Resolving Cybercrime Cases

2025-04-04T01:40:36+00:00

The research examined the correlation between the level of chal-lenges faced by the PNP-ACG and various demographic factors. Addi-tionally, it examined the specific components of cybercrime offenses, which include offenses against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and systems, as well as offenses related to computers, content, and other areas.
The findings indicated that the PNP-ACG faced roughly the same level of challenges as other law enforcement groups in the region. In-terestingly, demographic factors such as age, length of service, educa-tional attainment, and training attendance did not significantly affect the level of obstacles faced by the PNP-ACG personnel.
Moreover, the study revealed a significant relationship between the number of problems the PNP-ACG had and the types of privacy, honesty, and other crimes that happened during their digital forensic investigations and operations.
These findings suggest that the challenges faced by the PNP-ACG are more systemic in nature and not primarily driven by individual or demographic characteristics. The study ends with suggestions for how to improve the PNP-ACG in the region by doing a full organiza-tional assessment, creating a strong digital forensic management sys-tem, running programs to build people's skills, and working together with other groups to deal with the problems that were found.

Exploring the Integration of ChatGPT in Pre-Service Teacher Education: Benefits, Challenges and Pedagogical Implications

2025-04-04T01:39:17+00:00

This study examines the integration of ChatGPT in pre-service teacher education in the Philippines, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and potential impact on teaching practices. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected from 45 pre-service educators at Bulacan State University through an open-ended online survey. Thematic analysis revealed key challenges, including unfamiliarity with AI, concerns about accuracy and credibility, and risks of over-reliance on AI-generated content. Despite these concerns, participants recognized ChatGPT’s ability to enhance lesson planning, foster creativity, and support differentiated instruction. The findings highlight the need for structured AI training in teacher education programs, ethical guidelines for responsible AI use, and institutional support for effective AI integration. The study concludes that ChatGPT can serve as a valuable supplementary tool in teacher preparation, provided that educators receive adequate training and institutional backing. Future research should explore interactive methodologies, such as focus groups or classroom-based AI interventions, to gain deeper insights into its pedagogical applications.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of DOLE Integrated Livelihood Program (DILP) to Group Beneficiaries of Livelihood Funds from 2020 to 2021 in Cebu Province

2025-04-04T01:39:20+00:00

This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of the Department of Labor and Employment Integrated Livelihood Program (DILP) in Cebu Province, Philippines, focusing on its impact on beneficiaries. Anchored by the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) by Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway, this theory posits that enhancing various forms of capital can lead to improved livelihood outcomes, such as increased income and employment. Descriptive-observational analysis and qualitative approach were employed using questionnaire to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 201 beneficiaries through cluster sampling of the workers associations. The study assessed the program's effectiveness based on program coverage, business capital, income, economic stability, type of employment, and employment security. Findings revealed that DILP positively impacted beneficiaries' income and employment. Recommendations include the development of targeted enrichment programs in areas such as entrepreneurship, marketing, management, and financial planning to effectively strengthen livelihood assets and contribute to sustainable socio-economic status. This study provides significant insights for policymakers, program implementers, and local government units (LGUs) to refine strategies, optimize resource allocation, and foster community development. The findings offered a foundation for future comparative studies in public administration and socio-economic research. However, this study is limited only to the livelihood funds released from 2020 to 2021.

Local Protests Against Over Tourism: Causes, Effects and Solutions

2025-04-04T01:38:25+00:00

This study explores the causes of anti-tourism protests and highlights measures to prevent their negative impact on regional tourism sustainability. Local behaviours are analysed through Doxey's Tolerance Model and Social Exchange Theory. Over tourism and the protests organized by local people due to this situation constitute important problems in terms of sustainable tourism. In the study conducted as qualitative research, 88 news content obtained from the Google News platform were examined with thematic analysis method and answers to the research questions were sought. The results show that the main reasons for anti-tourism protests are tourist behaviour, destruction of natural resources, accommodation problems, deficiencies of local governments and exceeding the carrying capacity. In addition, it was determined that the protests against tourists are related to the lack of economic and social benefits that local people obtain from tourism. The study emphasized that anti-tourism movements can damage the international image of the region by creating negative feelings such as fear and anxiety in tourists. Recommendations for local governments include tourist entry and accommodation regulations, environmental measures and guiding tourists' behaviour. The study states that sustainable tourism can be achieved through cooperation between local people, tourists and governments, and recommends that more comprehensive research be conducted in the future. The theoretical importance of this study is that it draws attention to the fact that the basis of anti-tourism protests is not the tourist-local community relationship, but the lack of social and economic welfare and the unsustainable use of resources.

Impact of Social Networking Sites on Enhancing English Literacy and Speaking Skills among Selected Students

2025-04-04T01:38:23+00:00

ABSTRACT

The advance of technology has provided a third virtual space where people from various regions and linguistic backgrounds can interact with each other regarding social network sites and applica-tions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of social media on enhancing English literacy and speaking skills of the Bach-elor of Secondary Education Major in English students of President Ramon Magsaysay State University - Santa Cruz Campus.
A quantitative research design was employed to answer the re-search questions. The respondents are female young adults in their second year of study. The findings reveal that the respondents used Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Telegram for more than three hours daily, they have strong internet connection for accessing edu-cational content, entertainment, news, and blogs, and strongly agreed that their vocabulary skills in English literacy and speaking were strong, while they agreed on grammar and comprehension skills. There is a significant difference in English literacy and speak-ing skills regarding grammar when grouped by age and year level. Additionally, there is a substantial difference in vocabulary skills when grouped by year level. There is no significant relationship be-tween social media use and the respondents' English literacy and speaking skills.
The conclusion of the study has led to the recommendation that the students should be reminded that constant engagement with social media due to their positive attitude may hinder their studies which may lead to poor performance in school meanwhile teachers may incorporate in their classes the use of social media such as giv-ing of assignments and other instructions related to their courses so that their students may not only engage in social media for chatting but also for educational purposes. They should encourage their stu-dents to use the English language on Facebook to improve their Eng-lish language competency.

Analyzing the Impact of Political Instability on Myanmar's Financial Sector and Economic Growth

2025-04-04T01:38:21+00:00

Prior to the February 1, 2021, coup, Myanmar experienced steady economic progress due to moderate political and economic reforms. However, the coup significantly disrupted this trajectory, placing the economy in a precarious state. This study examines the impact of political instability on Myanmar’s financial sector and economic growth from 2006 to 2023, with a focus on key macroeconomic factors: Political Stability, Inflation, and Unemployment. Using the Markov Switching Dynamic Regression (MSDR) model, the analysis captures how these variables influence economic growth under different economic regimes. The findings reveal that Political Stability and Inflation positively contribute to economic expansion, while Unemployment has a negative effect. The MSDR model uniquely identifies two distinct economic regimes: recessionary periods, where the effects of these variables are weaker or insignificant, and periods of economic boom, where all factors significantly drive growth. These results highlight the critical role of maintaining political stability, controlling inflation, and reducing unemployment to foster sustainable development. The study provides actionable policy recommendations for Myanmar and offers insights for neighboring economies and international policymakers on managing political and economic crises. Strengthening stability, promoting inclusive growth, and enhancing financial resilience are essential steps toward long-term economic progress

Understanding the Anxiety-Related Experiences of College Students in Synchronous Classes Using Video-conferencing Platforms

2025-04-04T01:38:18+00:00

The pandemic caused by the spread of Coronavirus had brought sig-nificant changes to academic institutions. One notable change is the reliance to technology in conducting online synchronous class in the form of video-conferencing. The changes brought about by the pan-demic have been accompanied by a rise in different psychological issues such as anxiety. Given that most studies conducted in the Phil-ippines focus on the effects of COVID-19 on college students’ learning processes and mental health, further exploration is needed to better understand students’ experiences with video conferencing platforms in online synchronous classes. To achieve the purpose of the study, phenomenological approach and applied interpretative phenomeno-logical analysis were utilized. The findings revealed four main themes: on the use of technology, intrapersonal awareness of anxiety, interpersonal awareness of anxiety, and on coping with anxiety. These findings are valuable for academic institutions in developing policies to manage students’ anxiety related to videoconferencing. Academic institutions are encouraged to go beyond focusing solely on the academic outcomes of the students and revisit traditional frame-works and integrate mental health considerations. Development and validation of psychometric instruments to accurately measure video-conferencing-related anxiety is recommended. Conducting meta-analyses of existing research can help identify patterns and underly-ing factors influencing student anxiety in virtual learning environ-ments.

BMBE Law Public Information Campaign (BLPIC): A Strategic Communication Intervention Plan to Foster BMBE Law Awareness

2025-04-04T01:38:16+00:00

The study proposes a Strategic Communication Plan "an Interven-tion Plan" designed to enhance the implementation of the Barangay Mi-cro Business Enterprises (BMBE) Law. The intervention plan addresses the current gaps in awareness and utilization of the law's incentives, particularly focusing on three key areas: 1) Technology Transfer, Pro-duction and Management Training, and Marketing Assistance; 2) Trade Investment and Promotions; and 3) Special Credit Delivery, which has been identified as the least availed incentive. The study utilized descrip-tive-secondary data analysis "non-experimental" and focused on syn-thesizing findings and recommendations from previous related studies to create a comprehensive and actionable communication plan. The proposed BMBE Law Public Information Campaign (BLPIC) integrated targeted activities, including seminars, conferences, and symposiums, to foster wider and more effective dissemination of information. These activities aim to mitigate the low to moderate implementation levels of the law, particularly in rural and remote areas, by emphasizing the ben-efits and accessibility of the incentives.
The plan recommended a multi-stakeholder approach, engaging lo-cal government units, financial institutions, and business development organizations to ensure a cohesive and far-reaching campaign. By prior-itizing the Special Credit Delivery incentive, the plan seeks to address its underutilization while simultaneously enhancing awareness of the other incentives. The intervention also underscores the importance of leveraging digital platforms and community-based outreach to maxim-ize reach and engagement. Ultimately, the BLPIC aims to make the BMBE Law more meaningful, relevant, and accessible, thereby fostering economic growth and sustainability for micro-enterprises across di-verse communities.

Awareness and Acceptability of the Bicol University Vision by the Faculty Members and Non-Teaching Staff in Bu Polangui Campus (BUPC)

2025-04-04T01:38:14+00:00

"This study seeks to determine the extent to which personnel at BU Polangui Campus (BUPC) are aware of and accept the vision of Bicol University. A cross-sectional population survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses were applied to data from 76 out of 85
personnel. Results indicate that the average awareness rating was 92% (Outstanding). Among respondents, 92% accepted the vision, 1.32% found it unacceptable, and 6.58% did not respond. These findings suggest that BUPC personnel are not only fully aware of the vision but also largely accept it."
The results indicate that, overall, BUPC staff have a high level of awareness and acceptability of the university’s vision. However, discrepancies in responses suggest that some staff members may struggle to fully engage with the vision, particularly non-teaching staff. The findings suggest that factors such as communication strategies and organizational culture may influence the varying levels of acceptance. The study concludes that clear and consistent communication of the university’s vision, alongside targeted interventions for staff with reservations, is essential for fostering greater alignment and achieving institutional goals. Recommendations include enhancing communication efforts and creating opportunities for all staff to contribute to the realization of the vision.

Practices and Challenges of Academic Managers of a State Institution: Inputs for Succession Plan

2025-04-04T01:38:11+00:00

The study focuses on the practices and challenges of academic man-agers of a state institution and consequently the results can be used as inputs for a succession plan. The study is a descriptive research and utilized mixed method of both quantitative and qualitative analy-sis. Survey questionnaire and questions for interviews were con-structed and utilized purposive sampling technique for respondents and participants. All of the management practices were regularly exe-cuted while the challenges encountered were perceived demanding extra efforts to accomplish. Academic managers are expected to pos-sess various characteristics such as competency, community assis-tance, accountability, dependability, conscientiousness, familiariza-tion, and consistent struggle. The different ways of handling com-plaints/issues were as follows: organization resolution, objectivity, general references, and dialogue. The initiated programs/projects for improvement/enhancement were as follows: partnership and benchmarking, training, extension, internship programs, upgrading, support and upgrading. The training programs/ seminars needed to be attended were upgrading or professional development, and the plans for improvement were upgrading, support upgrading, and pro-ficiency.

Availability, Accessibility, and Teachers’ Utilization of Science Laboratory Resources in Public Secondary Schools of Ilocos Norte

2025-04-04T01:38:08+00:00

Access to basic educational facilities is vital for creating an ideal learning environment. The establishment of science laboratories provides educators with essential resources to expound abstract scientific concepts, hence, improving student understanding. This study intended to assess the availability and level of utilization of science laboratory resources in Public Secondary Schools of Ilocos Norte. The study followed descriptive research methodology and purposive sampling to collect data from 198 Junior and Senior High School Science teachers. The instruments used for the study was adapted from DO # 17, s. 2017, and DO # 42, s. 2006. The results of the study indicated that in most participating schools; basic science laboratory apparatuses are highly available. However, majority of the schools are highly inadequate with advanced laboratory apparatus and laboratory chemicals. Moreover, this study revealed that most schools do not have their separate dark rooms and shower rooms. In terms of level of utilization, there is no apparatus that is Always utilized, and dark room is Never utilized. The study recommended for a nationwide or regional survey of schools to evaluate the availability of science laboratory resources and correlate this information with student performance indicators. The researchers suggest on analysing current policies on scientific education funding and resource allocation that would targets areas for enhancement and promote equal distribution of resources. These will enable the establishment of adequate science laboratories and resources in all schools to enhance the effective teaching and learning of science.

Validation of the Developed Innovative Supplemental Materials (ISMs) on the Least-learned Competencies in Grade 8 Physics

2025-04-04T01:38:06+00:00

The main objective of this study is to validate the developed innovative supplemental materials (ISMs) as instructional support in mastering the least-learned competencies (LLC) in eighth-grade physics. The study underwent planning, development, and validation phases. Planning involved identifying the LLC and creating five ISMs. In the development stage, ISMs were built using Microsoft PowerPoint and iSpring Suite 11, incorporating PhET simulations and interactive videos accessible online and offline. Validation involved three experts and 60 students from three schools in the Tago II District. Statistical tools like weighted mean and ANOVA were used for data analysis.

The findings revealed that experts rated the ISMs "very satisfactory" in content, instructional, technical quality, and supplementary evaluation. Posttest results of student-users showed positive mean gain scores greater than 7, indicating significant enhancement in learning outcomes. There was no significant difference in posttest results across the three schools (ρ = 0.584), underscoring the effectiveness of ISMs in enhancing LLC mastery in physics. Despite challenges such as intermittent connections, freezing slides, inoperative subtitles, sound synchronization issues, and malfunctioning control buttons, enhancements were made to address these problems. The study concludes that ISMs significantly improved students' mastery of LLC and recommends their use in teaching physics to make learning more effective and interactive as part of innovative pedagogical practices in education.

Bridging Research Competencies and Outcomes: Technological Skills Lead-ing The 21st-Century Research Era

2025-04-04T01:38:04+00:00

With the researcher’s assumption that a specific research skill may positively contribute to the learners’ research output, a 240-item standardized test question was conducted among the 231 grade 12 students. The questionnaires are fitted according to the DepEd self-learning modules from the senior high school curriculum. This study developed a model to examine the relationship between the grade 12 students' research skills and their research output. Statistical analysis revealed that learners scored low in Data Analysis, Critical Thinking, and Interpreting Result, with mean scores of 47.4, 44.9, and 43.6, re-spectively. Ran through Jamovi version 2.3.28 software, the correla-tion matrix revealed that six of the eight identified research skills sta-tistically significant to the research output were used for confirmato-ry factor analysis. Two research skills used for the mediation model stood out from the rest. The Information & Literacy skills were better suited to mediate Technological skills and research output compared to Technological skills alone. The model demonstrated a strong rela-tionship between the independent variable-Technological skills, and the dependent variable- their ability to conduct effective research.

Equipping Vocational College Students with Statistical Literacy: A Demonstrative Workshop on Statistical Tests and Procedures to Improve Rigor in Students’ Final Year Project Data Analysis

2025-04-07T15:33:39+00:00

The purpose of this research project was to learn about the experience that final year students of Keningau Vocational College Statistical had in a physical workshop on statistical methods as well as their need to learn more about statistics and the software used to process them in helping them with their quantitative data analysis in their final year project development. Past final year projects only presented raw data which the students used to draw conclusions from without using any detailed statistical methods to identify trends and patterns. Therefore, their findings remained superficial, generic and less meaningful which made it harder for their findings to be deemed as valid, reliable and convincing. Hence, a statistical test and procedure workshop which featured live demonstration of a predetermined set of data was con-ducted on all final year students at the college. The software used was Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The live demonstration was followed by the students’ attempt in emulate the procedure shown to them in order to help them understand it better. They were required to purchase and install the software prior to the workshop. The findings revealed that the students felt that their understanding of the topic im-proved significant after the workshop and they deemed the software to be useful in their data analysis but found it challenging to use. The stu-dents’ responses also implied that the students felt the hands-on and interactive instruction with guided practice could help them become more adept at using the software and gain better understanding of the topic. The findings signified the need to explore several instruction and learning methods as well as materials that may significantly improve the delivery approach. The findings also revealed a compelling need to fully integrate statistical tests and procedures into the vocational col-lege curriculum.