International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Name: International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research E-ISSN: 2774-5368 DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber Period: Monthly (Since 2021) Indexing and Abstracting: Google Scholar, Crossref, Dimensions, ROAD, Scilit, Garuda, ICI Copernicus, ScienceGate, ISI Indexing, Semantic Scholar, EBSCO and others in progress Partnered with: ReviewerCredits and Publons Publication Guidelines: COPE Guidelines Publisher: Future Science, Malang, Indonesia / FSH-PH Publications, Subic, Zambales, Philippines Founded: 2020 Article Processing Charges 60 USD / Papers. The International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research is peer-reviewed on a monthly basis and publishes full-length papers with a fast review process. It is to enhance the dissemination of knowledge across the multidisciplinary community. We are particularly interested in papers relevant to all disciplines. The editorial board has kept receiving articles that address all areas. Topics: Arts, Business, Economics, and Management; Current Events and Controversial Issues; Education and Social Work; Health Sciences; Humanities; Natural and Physical Sciences; Social Sciences; and Other Relevant Multidisciplinary.
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From Policy to Practice: The Roles of Philippine Government Agencies in Work-Related Compensation Claims of Filipino Seafarers
Section: Articles Categories: Business, Management, Education and Social Work, Social Sciences Keywords: Philippine Government Agencies, Filipino Seafarers, Compensation Claims, Seafarers and Beneficiaries, Work-Related Accident, Work-Related Illness, Work-Related Death Filipino seafarers play a vital role in the maritime industry; however, many still face challenges in accessing timely and equitable compensation for work-related illness, injury, or death incurred during employment. This study examined the roles of Philippine government agencies in addressing compensation claims, the procedural mechanisms they employ, and the reforms needed to strengthen the process under Republic Act No. 12021, the Magna Carta of Filipino Seafarers. This study employed an exploratory qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 10 Filipino seafarers, two beneficiaries, and five key informants from the Department of Migrant Workers (DMW), Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), Department of Labor and Employment/National Conciliation and Mediation Board (DOLE/NCMB), Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA), and Public Attorney’s Office (PAO). Relevant laws, policies, and agency procedures were also reviewed. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis framework. Findings revealed that while government agencies provide legal, welfare, administrative, regulatory, and dispute resolution support, the compensation claims system remains fragmented, procedurally complex, and burdensome for claimants. Implementation gaps persist despite RA 12021, highlighting the need for stronger inter-agency coordination, digitalized claims processing, enhanced legal and medical support, and improved information dissemination. The study concludes that while the government has established institutional mechanisms to protect seafarers’ compensation rights, translating policy into claimant-centered practice requires significant reforms. These reforms are necessary to achieve a more accessible, transparent, and equitable compensation claims framework for Filipino seafarers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jhundel Ricamonte Ropa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Navigating the Binary: A Qualitative Study on the Lived Experiences and Coping Mechanisms of Gender-Diverse College Students
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: All-Gender Restrooms, Campus Climate in Philippine Higher Education, Coping Mechanisms, Gender-Diverse Students, Institutional Barriers, Minority Stress This study explores the systemic intersection between institutional regulations and the daily social lives of gender-diverse students (N=26) within a regional university campus. Using qualitative analysis across four core Statements of the Problem (SOPs), the findings reveal a campus environment characterized by conditional inclusivity. While structural metrics show high peer acceptance and active diversity programming, participants note persistent challenges, including generational microaggressions from faculty and the structural erasure of bisexual and asexual identities. Systemic friction centers primarily on binary infrastructure and rigid uniform regulations, which induce severe bathroom navigation anxiety and place an unnecessary administrative burden on students seeking dress code exemptions. To manage these daily minority stressors, students utilize calibrated classroom advocacy alongside self-protective strategic silence. Students also rely heavily on relational buffers—such as secure queer peer networks—and intentional intrapersonal isolation, frequently retreating to quiet campus spaces like the library to maintain psychological well-being. The study highlights a critical gap between top-down administrative policies and the lived realities of students. To address these issues, this paper offers actionable institutional recommendations, including retrofitting all-gender spatial facilities, decoupling uniform guidelines from gender binaries, and codifying protective local anti-discrimination ordinances.
Campus Climate in Philippine Higher Education
The PRMSU BEEd Third-Year Research Group
Copyright (c) 2026 Anthony M. Mon, Emelyn M. Bugayong, The PRMSU BEEd Third-Year Research Group https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers’ Perceptions and Instructional Practices toward Inclusive Education: Basis for a Strategic Training Program
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: differentiated instruction, inclusive education, instructional competence, professional development, teacher attitudes Inclusive education has become a key priority in educational reform, promoting equitable access, participation, and learning opportunities for students with diverse educational needs. In the Philippines, national policies such as Republic Act No. 11650 mandate the provision of appropriate educational programs and support services for learners with disabilities within inclusive learning environments. This study assessed the perceptions and instructional practices of Special Education and General Education teachers regarding inclusive education in selected secondary schools in the Division of Naga City, Cebu, and examined the relationship between teachers’ attitudes and their competence in implementing inclusive practices. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed involving 20 teachers, comprising 10 Special Education and 10 General Education teachers. Data were gathered using adapted versions of the Multidimensional Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) and the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practices (TEIP) Scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that both Special Education and General Education teachers demonstrated moderately positive attitudes toward inclusive education (Special Education mean = 3.13$; General Education mean = 3.11$). Teachers also reported moderately high competence in inclusive teaching practices, including knowledge of inclusive strategies (Special Education mean = 3.46$; General Education mean = 3.38$), instructional skills for diverse learners (Special Education mean = 3.03$; General Education mean = 3.10$), and classroom management and assessment strategies (Special Education mean = 3.00$; General Education mean = 3.10$).
Copyright (c) 2026 Miraflor B. Agunod https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influence of Gender and Level of Education of Farmers on Sugarcane Productivity in the Visayas, Philippines: A Factual Phenomenon
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: descriptive-correlation, Kruskal-Wallis H test, normality test, Mann-Whitney Test, farmers’ gender, formal education, non-formal education, informal education Agriculture is the backbone of an economy. In the Philippines, sugarcane farming is a major dollar industry that contributes an average income of Php 70 billion per year. The study aims to examine the influence of farmers’ gender and the level of education on sugarcane productivity in the Philippines. The descriptive-correlation method was employed in the study. The instrument used was a validated survey questionnaire with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. The 320 sugarcane farmers were randomly identified at the seven locations in the Visayas area of the Philippines. Results indicate that the majority of the farmers are male (69.7%), secondary level (47.2%), with a low average production of <49 TC/ha. (53.9%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) implied that there’s a significant difference in the production of sugarcane among the different locations in the Philippines (alpha = 0.05). Furthermore, results implied that farmers' gender and their level of education significantly influence the production (alpha = 0.01). Relatively, the farmer's gender and their level of education strongly correlate with production (alpha = 0.01). Overall, the results implied that farmers’ gender and level of education have a direct contribution to production. Hence, the government should play a vital role in improving the agricultural educational system. The budget for education should be increased, and more scholarship be made available, especially for students who will be taking courses in the agriculture field. More seminars and updates for aged and female farmers should be designed by the government.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulino A. Oñal, Jr., Paulino Miguel M. Oñal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Influencer Marketing Exposure and Parasocial Relationships on Impulse Buying Tendencies
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Impulse buying tendency, Influencer marketing, Parasocial relationships, Regression analysis, Social-media exposure Influencer marketing is a popular form of social media advertising, and it is often targeted toward college students. It was observed that the consumers' purchase behavior was affected by the exposure to the influencer content. But the psychological mechanisms of this relationship, especially parasocial relationships, are still poorly understood. The study used a descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship of influencer marketing exposure, parasocial relationships and impulse-buying tendencies of 412 university students in Cebu City. Data were collected using a structured survey involving Likert scale questions and analysed using regression techniques. The results showed that participants have a high level of exposure to influencer marketing (M = 3.66, Agree), weak parasocial relationships (M = 2.76, Neutral) and low impulse buying tendencies (M = 2.47, Disagree). Students considered themselves as careful consumers with low impulsive tendencies, but these descriptive findings did not exclude the possibility of behavioral susceptibility. Results of the regression analysis revealed that exposure to influencer marketing was a significant predictor of impulse buying tendencies (R^2 =.12, p < .001) and parasocial relationship strength (R^2 =.11, p < .001). The results show that exposure and parasocial relationships significantly predict impulse buying tendencies. The results suggest that mild low self-reported impulsivity is statistically related to higher tendencies for impulsive buying when perceived familiarity with the influencers is taken together with exposure. The findings reveal the complex but positive effect of influencer marketing on consumer behavior and the importance of ethical marketing, media literacy programs, and transparency in sponsorship disclosures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mary Rose D. Lastimosa, James Roeberl B. Monton, Monic Lei F. Quimbo, Lorence David D. Descartin, Nhilven Joice Y. Sabellano, Dominique A. Selma, Lalaine O. Narsico, Peter G. Narsico https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Evolution of Digital Reading Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Attention, Engagement, Literacy and Learning Outcomes
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Digital Reading, reading comprehension, Digital literacy, Online Reading, Educational Technology, Bibliometric Analysis, New Literacies, Learning Analytics, Artificial Intelligence The rapid integration of digital technology in education has transformed students on how to read, access information, and engage with learning. While online text, multimedia resources, and interactive learning platforms has become essential to education practice, digital reading progress as a significant area of inquiry. Even though it is a growing importance, the intellectual advancement and thematic structure of the field remain disintegrated. This study investigated the evolution of digital reading research utilizing bibliometric analysis of 562 English-language publications indexed in Scopus from 1992 to 2025. The publications were retrieved using search key related to digital reading, education, attention, engagement, comprehension and learning outcomes. Publication trend analysis, bibliographic coupling and co-word analysis were performed using VOSviewer. The findings revealed a marked increase in research output, particularly in 2020, presenting the expanding role of digital learning environments in education. Bibliographic coupling recognized five major search streams: digital reading engagement and self-regulation, technology-enhanced comprehension, online reading literacy and information evaluation, screen-versus-print reading, and reading modality with digital distractions. Co-word analysis showed four thematic domains covering technology-mediated learning, cognitive and behavioral mechanisms, digital literacy and strategic reading, and online reading comprehension within the New Literacies framework. Generally, the findings specified that digital reading research has advanced beyond print-versus-screen comparisons toward a broader emphasis on digital literacy, self-regulated learning, attention management, and information evaluation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jennifer P. Solis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Coast Guard District Southwestern Mindanao (CGDSWM) Summer Lifeguard Training
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Coast Guard Training Program, Lifeguard Training Evaluation, Training Effectiveness, Water-Rescue Competencies Whenever lifeguards are deployed as emergency responders in leisure swimming areas or during floods, drowning incidents are prevented. But too often than not, there are fewer or no lifeguards at all, risking safety assurance. When the Philippine Coast Guard was seasonally deployed on public beaches, this initiative was affected by human resources, financial logistics, and inconsistent implementation. As such, the Coast Guard District Southwestern Mindanao (CGDSWM) launched a Summer Lifeguard Training Program to capacitate coast guard personnel. After two successful trainings, no evidence-based evaluation has been made to support its effectiveness. Hence, this study examines the program’s effectiveness in terms of objectives, content, instructors, and facilities; evaluates lifeguard performance; and describes associated challenges to inform program improvements. Using surveys, document review, and interviews, the study collected data from 69 PCG-trained lifeguards, 65 supervisors and commanding officers, and 15 program implementers and course directors. Findings revealed a highly effective training program in developing essential lifeguard competencies, though improvements are needed in disaster-response coverage, instructional strategies, and simulation realism, with mean range scores from 3.46 to 3.55. The PCG-trained lifeguards were also rated with a consistently advanced level of competencies with a total mean score of 3.79, showing readiness for real-world emergency response and effective training transfer. Yet there are recurring structural, logistical, and resource challenges that affect its program outcomes. Thus, a proposed enhancement framework has been developed outlining recommendations for a systematic, participatory, and sustainable training program, fit for standardized and nationwide PCG adoption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Romel B. Dua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dependency on AI Tools and Its Impact on the Knowledge Acquisition of Maritime Students in Classroom Settings: Implementing AI-Assisted Learning Enhancement Program
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Artificial Intelligence tools, AI dependency, Knowledge Acquisition, Maritime students, Classroom Learning The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in education has significantly transformed how students access information, complete academic tasks, and develop learning strategies. However, the increasing reliance on AI technologies raises concerns regarding its potential impact on students’ knowledge acquisition and independent learning. This study assessed the dependency on AI tools and its impact on the knowledge acquisition of maritime students in classroom settings at the Central Luzon College of Science and Technology (CELTECH), Olongapo City. The general objective of the research was to determine the level of maritime students’ dependency on AI tools and examine its relationship with their knowledge acquisition, particularly in terms of critical thinking, decision-making abilities, and study habits. Additionally, the study aimed to identify whether significant differences existed in AI dependency and knowledge acquisition when respondents were grouped according to demographic profile variables. This study employed a quantitative descriptive–correlational research design. A total of 276 maritime students from the Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation (BSMT) and Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering (BSMarE) programs participated in the study using stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a validated structured survey questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage distribution, weighted mean, Analysis of Variance, and Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that maritime students demonstrated a moderate level of dependency on AI tools and a moderate level of knowledge acquisition in classroom settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Oliver F. Panes, Carol A. Abucay, Myla Christine DC. San Miguel, Zclyn V. Arpon, Lance J. Campos, Richmond A. Falmarin, MC Ruyanz E. Fisco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Assessment on the Readiness of the Philippine Domestic Shipping for the Implementation of Sulfur Cap Regulation under MARPOL Annex VI
Section: Articles Categories: Economics, Management, Current Events and Controversial Issues, Social Sciences Keywords: Air Pollution Control, Compliance Readiness, Environmental Sustainability, Inter-Agency Coordination, Maritime Governance, Stakeholders Awareness, Sustainable Compliance The study assessed the readiness of the Philippine domestic shipping sector for the implementation of the sulfur cap regulation under MARPOL Annex VI, focusing on Amoroso’s dimensions of readiness: cultural refers to awareness and acceptance, structural that refers to the institutional and resources capacity and operational which refers to implementation capability. It examined the regulatory requirements, national policies, stakeholder awareness, capability-building initiatives, implementation and enforcement mechanisms, international and regional best practices, availability of incentives and funding, perceived challenges and measures to support compliance. Mixed methods approach was employed, using a concurrent triangulation design wherein qualitative and quantitative data were collected simultaneously and integrated during analysis to provide a comprehensive assessment of readiness. The findings revealed that the Philippines has a well-defined regulatory framework and a generally adequate level of stakeholder awareness. However, significant gaps remain in technical understanding, financial support mechanisms, and enforcement capacity. Capability-building initiatives are present but require enhancement, particularly through practical and scenario-based training. Although implementation follows a multi-agency approach, inconsistencies in enforcement and limited monitoring resources affect its effectiveness. Furthermore, the absence of dedicated financial incentives places additional burden on shipping companies, especially small and medium-sized operators. The study concludes that the Philippine domestic shipping sector is partially ready for sulfur cap implementation. Strengthening inter-agency coordination, capability-building programs, monitoring infrastructure, and financial support mechanisms is recommended to promote effective and sustainable compliance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mylyn Cardines https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Entrepreneurial Barriers for Women in the First-Class Municipalities of Masbate, Philippines
Section: Articles Categories: Business Keywords: women entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial barriers, opportunities for women, gender equality, first-class municipalities. This research examined the opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in the first-class municipalities of Masbate, Philippines, with a particular emphasis on Aroroy and Milagros. The study yielded a comprehensive document detailing the entrepreneurial status of women employed in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the selected municipalities. A mixed-method approach was used in this study which revealed significant economic, socio-cultural, and structural barriers, including limited financial resources, gender biases, and inadequate institutional support. Despite these challenges, women entrepreneurs demonstrated resilience and optimism, with opportunities identified in microfinance, local government initiatives, and potential skill-building programs. The findings emphasized the importance of targeted interventions such as financial aid, mentorship, and improved outreach to bridge knowledge and access gaps. By addressing these barriers and leveraging identified opportunities, this study provides actionable insights that may guide policymakers, support organizations, and the academic community to foster an inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that empowers women in rural areas. Overall, the findings of the study reflect the standing of women within the entrepreneurial areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teresa A. Aguilar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Institutional Readiness and Stakeholder Demand for a Doctor of Philosophy in Science Education
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: doctoral education, feasibility study, graduate program planning, market demand, science education, regional access This feasibility study examined the proposed offering of a Doctor of Philosophy in Science Education at the Graduate School of Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa Sr. Memorial State College of Agriculture and Technology in Masbate, Philippines. Data were gathered through a researcher-developed questionnaire with demographic items, Likert-scale indicators, and open-ended questions. Quantitative responses were summarized using frequencies, percentages, and weighted means, while the written comments were grouped through thematic analysis. Stakeholders generally viewed the proposed program favorably. The strongest ratings concerned its relevance to current educational needs, the breadth of the curriculum, the preparation of graduates for academic and research careers, and the expected contribution of the program to science education. Lower ratings were recorded for opportunities to present at national and international conferences (M = 3.65), faculty-student research collaboration (M = 3.90), scholarships or assistantships (M = 4.15), and regular curriculum updating (M = 4.15). These findings suggest that the program is attractive to its intended market, but still requires deliberate investment in research culture, student support, and academic networking. The financial projection remains positive under the stated enrollment and tuition assumptions, with a corrected six-year cumulative net balance of PHP 914,700. The program is feasible in principle, provided that DEBESMSCAT verifies the respondent dataset, documents instrument validity and reliability, secures regulatory approval, and confirms that faculty, laboratories, research resources, and long-term financing are adequate.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elreen Aguilar-Delavin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Demand, Institutional Capacity, and Program Viability for a Doctor of Philosophy in English Language Education
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: doctoral education, English language education, feasibility study, institutional capacity, market demand, Masbate This convergent mixed-methods study examined the feasibility of offering a Doctor of Philosophy in English Language Education at the Graduate School of Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa Sr. Memorial State College of Agriculture and Technology (DEBESMSCAT) in Masbate, Philippines. A total of 128 education stakeholders answered a questionnaire covering respondent characteristics, 19 five-point feasibility indicators, and open-ended questions. Frequencies, percentages, and weighted means were used for the quantitative data, while written responses were analyzed thematically. Respondents rated all five domains very highly: market demand, resources and infrastructure, curriculum and course structure, potential impacts and outcomes, and overall feasibility. The strongest results concerned the program’s relevance to current educational needs, its expected contribution to institutional reputation and professional leadership, and the recommendation to proceed. The qualitative data, however, placed clear conditions on implementation, particularly faculty sufficiency, research resources, affordability, flexible access for participants from distant municipalities, and careful program sequencing. Under the stated assumptions, the six-year projection produced positive annual balances and a cumulative net balance of PHP 914,700. The program appears viable, but its opening should follow regulatory approval, verified faculty and resource capacity, a defensible cost plan, and continuing quality assurance.
Transformative Approaches to Universal Health Care: Towards Achieving Health Equity Framework in the Local Government Level
Section: Articles Categories: Health Sciences Keywords: health equity, transformative approaches, Universal Health Care (UHC) Universal Health Care (UHC) is one of the critical policies ensuring the equitable access to quality health services without experiencing financial hardship. In the Philippines, UHC was institutionalized through Republic Act No. 11223 and reinforced the role of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in implementing health reforms and modification responsive to the community needs. This study evaluated the transformative approaches to Universal Health Care (UHC) towards the development of a health equity framework in the local government level. It utilized the convergent mixed-method research design combining quantitative analysis of health outcome indicators across selected Local Government Units implementing UHC integration sites along with qualitative interviews with local health officers, policy implementers, and community stakeholders. The premise of the exemplified transformative approaches in the utilization and implementation to UHC in the local government ensure the provisions of comprehensive delivery of health services, health financing, governance and leadership. The major themes that emerged from the study were: (1) primary healthcare orientation, (2) equity-oriented health system, (3) multi-sectorial collaboration, (4) financial protection mechanisms and (5) continuous monitoring and evaluation. The manifested themes from this study supplemented the health equity framework in the local government level to strengthen the health system, institutionalize health regulation, ensure the stability of the health services, and provide equity-oriented healthcare system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dolores T. Quiambao, Milette Q. Sanchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Philippine Coast Guard's Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) Procedures: Operational Status, Influencing Factors, and Challenges
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Competency-based training, Legal compliance, Maritime law enforcement, Maritime security, Mixed methods, Procedural adherence, Technology application This study assessed the operational status, influencing factors, and challenges encountered in the implementation of the Philippine Coast Guard's Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) procedures for maritime law enforcement. Specifically, it examined the status of VBSS procedures in terms of operators' capability, technology application, procedural adherence, and legal compliance, as well as the effectiveness of VBSS implementation and the challenges encountered by operators. The study employed a mixed-methods research design using a convergent parallel approach. Quantitative data were collected from 305 Philippine Coast Guard operators directly involved in VBSS operations, while qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 18 interview participants composed of 15 operational officers/team leaders and three legal experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that VBSS procedures were generally implemented effectively. Operators demonstrated high levels of capability, procedural adherence, and legal compliance, while technology application emerged as the area requiring the greatest improvement due to limitations in operational equipment and technological resources. The qualitative findings further identified challenges related to resource constraints, operational conditions, and legal and procedural concerns affecting VBSS implementation. The study concludes that strengthening operators' capability, enhancing technological resources, and sustaining procedural and legal compliance are essential to improving VBSS implementation. It recommends continuous competency-based training for operators, modernization of operational resources, strengthened legal capability, and enhanced inter-agency coordination to further improve maritime law enforcement operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Benjamin A. Misador Jr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Performance in Learning Calculus 1 Through Integration of Technology
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: action research, Calculus 1, GeoGebra, mathematics education, Polynomial Curve Sketching, technology integration This study compared the effectiveness of implementing the GeoGebra, which is a dynamic mathematics software, in the teaching of the Polynomial Curve Sketching (PCS) module of Calculus 1. More specifically, it aimed at determining if there was any improvement in students' achievement in graphing polynomials after using GeoGebra as compared to traditional teaching and also at finding out the students' learning experiences after the intervention. This study was carried out as a classroom-based action research using a quasi-experimental pre test-post test comparison design with the two intact classes of first year Bachelor of Science in Mathematics students from Bulacan State University. Control group= 55 students, experimental group= 55 students. The intervention took place in a 5-hour teaching unit, within one week. Students' achievement was assessed by researcher-made pretest and posttest on Polynomial Curve Sketching and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were carried out to gain qualitative information about students' experiences of using GeoGebra. The results showed that both groups made progress following instruction but that the experimental group made greater progress on the post test than the control group. The experimental group increased from a mean pretest score of 4.4520 (SD = 2.1068) to a mean posttest score of 10.0302 (SD = 1.9881), whereas the control group improved from a mean pretest score of 4.1241 (SD = 1.6123) to a mean posttest score of 7.4733 (SD = 3.0592).
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulino P. Malang, Bernandino P. Malang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Innovative Biometric Attendance Monitoring System with Analytics for Enhanced Church Management
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Attendance Analytics, Biometric Attendance Monitoring, Church Management, Decision-Support System, Faith-Based Organizations, Fingerprint Recognition, ISO/IEC 25010, R307 Fingerprint Sensor, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), User Acceptance The research in this paper aimed at designing, implementing and evaluating the novel biometric attendance monitoring system, integrated with built-in analytics for improving management in a church. Current approaches to attendance monitoring in congregations were often costly, in-accurate, voluminous, and inefficient, resulting in a lack of timely and accurate information for leadership to use in decision making. The suggested solution was to have the R307 fingerprint sensor to be embedded in the centralized MySQL database which would accurately and securely capture the time-in and time-out events with minimal inconvenience to the user. Several church services were conducted, and a 97.5% recognition accuracy for fingerprints and an average time to transact of 1–2 seconds were achieved on average, resulting in significantly less duplicate attendance and proxy check-in records. The system offered real-time dashboards and scheduled analytical reports, enabling administrators to view attendance trends, timeliness, and age group participation. These analytical skills helped to make tactical decisions, such as increasing numbers of ushers during the busiest services and strategic decisions, such as increasing worship time and offering targeted pastoral follow-up activities.The evaluation showed that the overall results of the user acceptance rate based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were high, with the attitude to use, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use with excellent ratings of 99.6%, 99.8%, and 99.8%, respectively.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bernandino P. Malang, Carmelita O. Tanig https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating The Leadership Competencies and Practices of School Heads in Implementing the School-Based Management
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: School-Based Management, PPSSH, leadership competencies, school leadership, instructional leadership, educational governance This study examined the relationship between school heads’ leadership competencies and the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) practices in public schools in the Municipality of Aroroy. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, data were collected from the 44 accessible school heads using a structured questionnaire aligned with the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH) and SBM indicators under DepEd Order No. 7, s. 2024. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation were utilized for data analysis. Results indicated that school heads demonstrated very high competency across key leadership domains, including strategic leadership, resource management, instructional leadership, and stakeholder engagement. SBM practices were likewise found to be highly to very highly manifested, particularly in the domains of learning environment, governance, and curriculum implementation. Further analysis revealed a statistically significant and very strong positive correlation (r = 0.87, p < .05) between leadership competencies and SBM implementation, suggesting that higher levels of leadership proficiency are associated with more effective and consistent SBM practices. These findings highlight the centrality of leadership capacity in advancing decentralized school governance and improving educational outcomes. The study underscores the need for sustained, competency-based leadership development interventions, including structured mentoring, coaching systems, and instructional leadership enhancement programs. Strengthening leadership competencies aligned with PPSSH is therefore essential for optimizing SBM implementation and ensuring continuous school improvement in diverse and resource-constrained educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mylah N. Guerrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Language Assessment Literacy of a Vietnamese EFL University Lecturer: A Qualitative Case Study
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work, Social Sciences Keywords: EFL teaching, higher education, skills and principles, teacher assessment knowledge, testing and assessment Assessment literacy plays an important role in language teaching, helping teachers make the right decisions to support learners' learning. This qualitative case study clarified the language assessment literacy of a university EFL teacher at a public university in Vietnam. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analysed according to Giraldo’s framework, which consists of three dimensions: knowledge, skills, and principles. The findings show that the participant has a clear conceptual understanding of the different assessment purposes, closely align with expected learning outcomes and program objectives. However, she encounters numerous challenges at the macro and micro levels and must negotiate her way to meet the standards while helping her students reach their final objectives. The study illustrates how language assessment literacy is perceived and translated into practice in a higher education context in Vietnam and proposes suggestions regarding professional development and future research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tran Thi Tuyet Mai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Addressing Learning Gaps in Earth and Life Science through Strategic Intervention Material
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: academic performance, educational intervention, Earth and Life Science, quasi-experimental design, science education, modular distance learning, strategic intervention material Amidst the evolving landscape of science education, addressing persistent learning gaps requires the integration of targeted pedagogical tools tailored to diverse learner needs. Hence, this study investigated the effectiveness of a developed Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in enhancing the academic performance of Grade 11 students in Earth and Life Science. Employing a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design, the study involved 60 learners, randomly assigned into Control (N=30) and Experimental (N=30) groups. Findings revealed that both groups initially exhibited a lower average proficiency level, with pre-test mean scores of 7.23 and 8.23, respectively, highlighting significant learning gaps. Following the intervention, the Experimental group’s performance improved substantially to a superior level, achieving a post-test mean of 21.23 (MPS = 84.93), whereas the Control group showed minimal gains (Mean = 8.13; MPS = 32.53). Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the raw scores of the respondents in the pre-test and post-test (p=0.000). The results demonstrate that the SIM effectively addressed least-mastered competencies and bridged learning gaps in Earth and Life Science more effectively than traditional approach. This study likewise underscores the value of localized intervention materials in fostering academic resiliency and mastery among secondary learners. Ultimately, these results suggest that educational policymakers should institutionalize the development of localized SIMs and integrate them into formal remedial programs to provide a scalable solution for addressing achievement gaps in science.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edna M. Padre, Mauren D. Bitancur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers’ Utilization and Challenges of ICT-Enabled Inquiry in Physics Education
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: inquiry-based learning, ICT Integration, digital pedagogy, instructional challenges Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become increasingly important in science education, particularly in supporting Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) in physics, where learners often encounter difficulties in understanding abstract concepts. This study examined the ICT tools utilized by junior high school physics teachers and the challenges they encountered in implementing inquiry-based learning in the Schools Division of Ilocos Norte, Philippines (SDOIN). The study employed a descriptive-quantitative research design with qualitative support. Using non-probability purposive sampling, 126 junior high school physics teachers from selected public schools participated in the study, while 25 teachers were interviewed to provide qualitative insights. Data were collected using a researcher-developed survey questionnaire and an expert-validated semi-structured interview guide. Frequency counts and percentages were used to describe the participants' profiles, while mean and ranking were employed to analyze ICT utilization. Qualitative responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that the most used ICT tools were those that were easily accessible such as multimedia presentation with the use of projector, digital camera or mobile phone, and virtual laboratory or simulation. But the overall use of ICT in inquiry-based learning was found to be moderate. The thematic analysis showed that the use of ICT in inquiry was hindered by time constraints, lack of resources and infrastructural capacity, low readiness of the learners for inquiry, diversity and participation of learners, and communication.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renalyn V. Perez, Marc Paul T. Calzada, Rhea M. Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Navigating the Infodemic: A Bibliometric Analysis of Media Literacy Research in the Social Media Landscape
Section: Articles Categories: Current Events and Controversial Issues, Education and Social Work Keywords: Digital Literacy, Disinformation, Information Literacy, Misinformation The rapid growth of digital platforms has contributed to the faster spread of misinformation. As a result, the researchers become increasingly interested in media literacy as a way to help people understand and respond to the information they encounter online. This research paper provides a detailed bibliometric overview of global research on media literacy and misinformation published between the year 2016 and 2025. Using a Scopus dataset with 18,035 entries, data were cleaned and filtered using RStudio and Bibliometrix resulting to 856 records. The tools Biblioshiny and Vosviewer were used in investigating the published trends, influential sources and authors, citation patterns, and subjects structure. The findings showed a large increase in research output, especially after 2020, It indicates increased public concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annual scientific production has also greatly increased, reaching its peak in 2025, showing that researchers are continuing to prioritize media literacy as an important in contemporary age. Citation patterns show that during earlier publications, especially those published between 2017 and 2020, remains important and extremely influential and has serving as a foundation for future research. Leading publications like the Journal of Media Literacy Education and Media and Communication became an important publishing outlet, while a small group of highly influential authors have shaped what most researchers focuses on and discuss in the field, influencing the direction of future research and helping to build the ongoing discussion in media literacy academically.
Copyright (c) 2026 Crisha Mae E. Villaruel, Joanna Marie V. Gregorio, Nomer Kirby S. Bonifacio, Gladilyn G. Dulay, Jennifer P. Solis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends, Themes and Collaborations in Skin Whitening Studies Using Scopus Data
Section: Articles Categories: Current Events and Controversial Issues, Health Sciences Keywords: Depigmentation, whitening, lightening, skin whitening, bleaching, fairness Skin whitening has become a significant area of research in cosmetics science and dermatology due to the increasing global demand for products that reduce skin pigmentation and improve skin appearance. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of skin whitening research published between 2021 and 2024 using 175 documents retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analyses and network visualization were performed using Biblioshiny in R, while Microsoft Excel for data cleaning. The study examined publication trends, leading countries and institutions, citation performance, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution of research in the field. The findings revealed that China, South Korea, and the United States were the most productive contributors, while the Journal of Cosmetics Dermatology and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences emerged as the leading publication sources. Thematic analysis showed that research has progressively shifted from traditional depigmentation agents and clinical dermatology toward molecular mechanisms, skin pigmentation pathways, therapeutic innovations, and advanced cosmetic formulations. Increasing International collaboration and interdisciplinary research further indicate the growing scientific interest in skin whitening studies. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge structure and emerging research directions in skin whitening research, offering valuable insight for researchers, dermatologists, cosmetic scientists, and policymakers in guiding future investigations, product development and evidence-based public health and regulatory initiatives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lindsay Valerie Andres, Rheajoy A. Enriquez, Deine Westlee R. Gulmatico, Kirk Kenzo M. Tongcua, Jennifer P. Solis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Global Research Trends on Integrating Moral Reasoning in the Education of Future IT Professionals: A Bibliometric Analysis
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work, Humanities, Social Sciences Keywords: Moral Reasoning, Moral Intelligence, Ethics in Education, Ethics-focused IT Education This paper is a bibliometric review of literature on integrating moral reasoning in information Technology (IT) education that aims to explore its publication situation, significant sources, research topic, temporal trends, and gaps in the literature. Through bibliometric techniques, the research reviewed 334 articles published in 179 sources in 1983-2025 from Scopus database. The results indicate that the sector has shown progressive growth with a rate of 4.63 per year and on average the documents are 7.37 years of age. The literature is highly conference-oriented as the majority of publications are through conference papers, which shows the rapid and practice-driven nature of knowledge dissemination. Most of the publication come from ASEE, FIE, ITICSE, ACM conference proceedings, and SIGCSE-related journals, which means that the discipline is largely influenced by engineering and computing education communities. Term-frequency output reveals that the most common terms are students, ethics, curriculum, computing education, and computer science education, indicating that the area is main concern with the incorporation of ethical knowledge and reasoning into formal education of technology. Themes that develop based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and AI ethics also show how the field reacts to modern technological trends. Some of gaps in the analysis are low international collaboration and inadequacy of research on effective pedagogical strategies to teach ethics. Overall, the findings indicate that integrating moral reasoning in IT education is an emerging and developing discipline that is relevant in equipping students with ethical consciousness, critical thinking, and professional accountability in a technological society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Celso A. de Guzman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Trials and Triumphs of School Leaders with Diverse Sogie in Managing Workplace Conflicts
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: conflict resolution, diversity in leadership, inclusive education, SOGIE, school leadership, trials and triumphs, workplace conflict This study explores the experiences of school leaders in Masbate Province who identify with diverse Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression (SOGIE). It examines their trials, triumphs, and how they manage conflicts within workplace learning environments. Using purposive sampling and a qualitative, phenomenological methodology, the study emphasizes real-life challenges caused by institutional discrimination, bias, and communication breakdowns. Despite these challenges, these leaders consistently employ inclusive leadership approaches to foster equal and supportive school environments, demonstrating emotional intelligence and resilience. Findings reveal that SOGIE-diverse leaders face challenges rooted from both organizational structures and interpersonal relations, often worsened by exclusion. They do, however, address issues using tactics such as private talks, professional development, emotional de-escalation, and strict protocol adherence. Their leadership includes empathy, adaptability, and a strong commitment to diversity. Creating inclusive school cultures and engaging the broader community is also crucial for effective conflict resolution. While institutional initiatives, such as Project PATAS and Gender and Development (GAD) programs, aim to support inclusivity, their effectiveness is limited by inconsistent implementation and weak accountability. The study emphasizes the importance of policy adjustments and continued leadership training for persons from SOGIE-diverse backgrounds. These leaders play a vital role in encouraging respect, diversity, and inclusivity, which benefits both educators and learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Junee L. Abetria, Rainier T. Cristobal, Delon Angelo L. Dela Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lived Experiences of School Leaders in Integrated School: Milagros Context
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Integrated Schools, school leaders, lived experiences, coping strategies, collaborative leadership, Milagros Masbate The present study is a phenomenological study which aimed to explore the lived experiences of the school leaders in the management of Integrated Schools in Milagros, Masbate in terms of their positive experiences, challenges faced and coping strategies. The study used a qualitative approach, grounded in Transformational Leadership Theory, Distributed Leadership Theory and Phenomenological Theory. The data was obtained by using the semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaire checklists to the purposively selected school leaders of the Magsalangi Integrated School, the Matiporon Integrated School and the John Miller Integrated School. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that school leaders felt fulfilled with the successful implementation of school projects, working with stakeholders and professional development. They also faced problems in financing, allocation of resources, workload management, and managing both the elementary school and the secondary school at the same time. School leaders responded to these issues by working collaboratively, communicating effectively and taking responsibility together. The study concludes that integrated schools’ leaders need to be resilient, adaptable and practice collaborative leadership. It suggests release of school funds in time, giving extra administrative support, better school community cooperation, optimized school resources utilization, and further research on the integrated school leadership.
Copyright (c) 2026 Baby Jane A. Bayola, Maryrose D. Logronio, Delon Angelo L. Dela Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Maritime Regimental System: Fostering Discipline and Professional Success
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: discipline, leadership, maritime regimental system, professional success This paper analyzes how the maritime regimental system instills discipline among maritime cadets and graduates and aids in their professional development. We focus primarily on graduates from the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA) and the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP) and the challenges faced. Participants in this study include 106 graduates and 192 First-Class cadets and cadettes. Participants for the qualitative study included six shipping company officers that oversee cadets, and six school administrators that implement the Maritime Regimental System. The study employs a mixed methods, convergent parallel design, and data collection was achieved via the internet. According to the results, professional success and the regimental system are influenced most substantially by leadership. Training was said to bolster confidence among cadets and bolstered the ability to oversee and evaluate decision making on training ships. Graduates confirmed that the system aids in adjusting to training on a ship, adherence to safety regulations, and aids in progression to assume roles of authority. The system's overall impact on character, work ethic, and professional training was found to be positive.Several challenges related to the regimental system were identified. These included limited facilities, costs that constrain creativity, and a ratio of staff to students that hinders the possibility of close-up and individualized mentoring. From these, conclusions were drawn, and suggestions included areas for potential future non-regimental and regimental school-based research. Overall, the maritime regimental system is effective in instilling discipline and preparing cadets for success in their careers.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Rhome E. J. Mamangon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of the UC Reward System Toward a Sustainable Motivation Framework for Student Success
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: academic performance, academic perseverance, institutional support, maritime cadets, maritime education, Philippines Reward systems are commonly applied in tertiary institutions, although their effectiveness in maritime colleges has seldom been empirically evaluated. In this study, the UC Reward System, an academic incentives scheme implemented at the University of Cebu Maritime Education and Training Center for almost two decades, is analyzed in terms of its effectiveness and its external variables in relation to the academic perseverance and academic performance of third-year cadets. The quantitative descriptive-correlational approach was used. Survey questionnaire and document review of the academic records of 236 third-year cadets served as sources of data, with the use of Pearson product-moment correlation to analyze the relationships among the variables. Cadets regarded the reward system as effective, more so in its performance aspect than its perseverance aspect. However, the results of the correlations yielded a different finding, with only the perseverance-oriented aspect of perceived effectiveness significantly correlated with actual perseverance behavior, but not with academic performance. As for the factors, intrinsic motivation and institution-related factors were found to be significantly related to academic perseverance, while extrinsic motivation, despite having the highest endorsement score of all motivational orientations, is not significantly related to any of the outcomes. Institution-related factors, on the other hand, is the sole variable significantly related to both outcomes. It may be concluded that the institutional context around a reward system makes for greater contribution to cadet outcomes compared to the motivational orientations of the cadets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dave B. Polistico https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Defining Artificial Intelligence: A DeepSeek-Assisted Synthesis of Contemporary Definitions
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI tools, Chatbot, Defining Artificial Intelligence, DeepSeek, Synthesized definition The rapid proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across virtually all educational, industrial and consumer domains is undeniable and well-documented. It has become a transformative force across all sectors of society, driving innovation in healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and communication. In education, AI increasingly influences teaching, learning, and educational leadership, reshaping pedagogy and knowledge access. Despite widespread adoption, the term remains variably defined across disciplines, creating conceptual ambiguities. This study aimed to develop a definition of AI, aided by the AI chatbot DeepSeek, by synthesizing definitions and descriptions from various authors from purposively selected peer-reviewed journals and to systematically describe the core conceptual parts that comprise the synthesized definition of AI, and to critically examine how the corresponding scholarly references theoretically corroborate each of the constituent elements. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers conducted a purposive literature search and analysis of the definitions and/or descriptions of Artificial Intelligence, then used the AI chatbot DeepSeek to develop the synthesized definition. Additionally, the researchers reviewed the parts of the synthesized definition alongside their corresponding published references to verify their alignment and validity. AI refers to a computational systems that perform cognitive tasks—including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and natural language understanding—typically associated with human intelligence. These systems operate through algorithmic processing of data and models, and with varying degrees of autonomy, adapt to environments, make predictions or decisions, and pursue goal-oriented behavior. Moreover, valid related references support each part of the synthesized definition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ananias C. Sabijon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the US Dollar-Philippine Peso Exchange Rate Fluctuations to Inflation Rates, and GDP
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: GDP Growth, Inflation Rate, Macroeconomic Stability, Philippine Peso–US Dollar Exchange Rate The study aims to analyse the empirical relationship between USD/PHP exchange rate, headline inflation and real GDP growth in the Philippines from 2010 - 2024. We utilized secondary data from Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and employed descriptive statistics and bivariate linear regression models as an empirical baseline. The results show a baseline of systematic peso depreciation and stable inflation with supply-driven spikes in 2018 and 2023. The impact of the bilateral exchange rate on the variation of GDP growth is very low (R2 = 0.003) and the impact on inflation is weak and not statistically significant (R2 = 0.152). From this evidence we can say inflation and GDP are far more affected by other factors like food price, energy price and demand at home than exchange rates. Limitations include relatively small sample size and simple modelling approach. Future studies should incorporate more variables and more dynamic methods capturing the interactions between exchange rate, inflation and growth in such a complexity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anne Lorraine L. Abanto, Harvey E. Destura, Edrich Nigel A. Georsua, Hafsah D. Macaurao, Honey Niez, Ivy Paulen S. Pelonio, Lalaine O. Narsico, Peter G. Narsico https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Landsat-Based Monitoring of Mangrove Blue Carbon Supporting Industry 5.0 in Gresik Coastal Area
Section: Articles Categories: Natural and Physical Sciences Keywords: Blue carbon, Mangrove, NDVI, Remote Sensing, Industry 5.0 Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role as blue carbon reservoirs while providing ecological services that support the sustainability of coastal environments. However, rapid industrial development in coastal areas has increased pressure on mangrove ecosystems, highlighting the need for efficient and data-driven environmental monitoring. This study aimed to estimate mangrove blue carbon potential using Landsat 8/9 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the implementation of Industry 5.0 in coastal industrial areas of Gresik Regency, Indonesia. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS through NDVI calculation, land cover classification, and above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation based on an NDVI-derived allometric equation. Three industrial zones (Industry A, Industry B, and Industry C) were analyzed as representative study areas. The results showed that Industry C had the largest mangrove cover (26.30%), followed by Industry B (14.10%) and Industry A (8.77%). Nevertheless, Industry A exhibited the highest NDVI value (0.41) and the greatest estimated blue carbon stock (60.31 tC), followed by Industry C (54.21 tC) and Industry B (33.08 tC). The integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides an effective, low-cost, and repeatable approach for periodic mangrove monitoring. Furthermore, the resulting spatial information has significant potential to support environmental management, mangrove rehabilitation, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evaluation, and digital environmental monitoring systems aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Dadang Burhanuddin, Nur Islakhun Nisa', Masruhin Masruhin, Riyan Riyadlun Najih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0