International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
Name: International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research E-ISSN: 2774-5368 DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber Period: Monthly (Since 2021) Indexing and Abstracting: Google Scholar, Crossref, Dimensions, ROAD, Scilit, Garuda, ICI Copernicus, ScienceGate, ISI Indexing, Semantic Scholar, EBSCO and others in progress Partnered with: ReviewerCredits and Publons Publication Guidelines: COPE Guidelines Publisher: Future Science, Malang, Indonesia / FSH-PH Publications, Subic, Zambales, Philippines Founded: 2020 Article Processing Charges 45 USD / Papers. The International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research is peer-reviewed on a monthly basis and publishes full-length papers with a fast review process. It is to enhance the dissemination of knowledge across the multidisciplinary community. We are particularly interested in papers relevant to all disciplines. The editorial board has kept receiving articles that address all areas. Topics: Arts, Business, Economics, and Management; Current Events and Controversial Issues; Education and Social Work; Health Sciences; Humanities; Natural and Physical Sciences; Social Sciences; and Other Relevant Multidisciplinary.
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Web-Based Solar Powered Automated Hydroponics System using WEMOS Technology
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Automated Hydroponics, Solar-Powered Agriculture, Smart Farming, WeMos D1 Microcontroller, Sustainable Agriculture, Hydroponic System Automation This study aimed to develop a Web-Based Solar-Powered Automated Hydroponics System. Further, it aimed to evaluate its technical performance. The device used WeMos technology, gathering feedback from agriculturists and farmers. It used a solar panel with the following specifications Peak Power (Pmax): 100W, Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): 21.6V, Short Circuit Current (Isc): 6.1A, Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp): 18V, Maximum Power Current (Imp): 5.56A, and Temperature Coefficient: -0.45%/°C. Agriculturists unanimously provided a perfect mean score of 5.00 across all technical aspects, indicating complete consensus and a strong endorsement of the system's capabilities. While farmers satisfaction overall mean score is 4.60. The farmers' perceptions showed slightly more variability than the agriculturists. The combined assessment from both groups was consistent with the individual results. The system's monitoring capability received the highest combined score, while report generation and ease of use received the lowest, though all scores were positive. The study underscored the capability of its Web-Based Solar-Powered Automated Hydroponics System as a promising instrument to advance modern agricultural practices and address the challenges of food production sustainably. Based on the findings of the study and to further enhance the Web-Based Solar-Powered Automated Hydroponics System, the following recommendations for additional features may be considered Advanced-Data Analytics, Integration with IoT Sensors, Mobile Application, and Comparative Analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Carlo L. Gamboa, Clarissa P. Vicente, Rowell C. Santos, Josan D. Tamayo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cognitive Ability and Personality Profile of Graduate Students vis-à-vis Their Academic Achievement
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Academic achievement, Cognitive ability, Personality profile, Graduate education This study intended to correlate academic achievement of the graduate students with their cognitive ability and personality profile. Descriptive-correlational design was utilized with a total of 24 participants from one private Graduate School, who met the inclusion criteria set in this research. Frequency, percentage, rank, mean and Spearman rho correlation test were used for data analysis. Results show that the majority of the participants demonstrate superior to excellent academic performance in their discipline and the majority have average cognitive abilities based on the MD5 mental ability test. Results further reveal that the majority of the participants are average across personality traits based on Cattell’s 16 PF which suggest that they generally possess a well-rounded and balanced approach to their academic and personal lives. It was found in this study that the academic achievement of the participants is not significantly correlated with their cognitive ability and personality profile which may indicate that variations in graduate students’ performance may be influenced by factors beyond cognitive ability and measured personality traits, such as motivation and professional experience. The results of the study imply the need of the Graduate School to enhance the average levels of various personality traits by providing opportunities for personal growth, support, and development for graduate students.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria B. Abrazado, Ralyn B. Rodriguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Correlates of Reading Habits and Academic Performance of Grade 4 Pupils in a Public School
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Reading Habits, Academic Performance, Grade IV Pupils, Reading Proficiency, Contributory Factors, English Subject, Public Elementary School, Liozon, Zambales This study was conducted to analyze the correlates of reading habits and academic performance of Grade IV pupils in a public school, school year 2022-2023. The study focus only on the reading habits of pupils and academic performance of pupils at home and in the school. There will be fifty nine total population of Grade IV pupil-respondents of Liozon Elementary School, Palauig, Zambales. The researcher will use survey questionnaire to gather data needed in the study, such as profile of respondents, Contributory Factors Affecting Reading Proficiency, Reading Proficiency Level of the pupils, and Average Academic Performance in English. The data gathered will be checked, tallied and treated using appropriate statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, and Chi- Square. Treated data will be presented through tables and graphs, it will be analyzed and interpreted. Interpreted data will be summarized, concluded, and recommended for future research study. The result would be the reading proficiency level of the pupils is dependent on the average academic performance in English. Based on the findings, there is a significant correlation between the reading habits and the academic performance of pupil-respondents in English.
Copyright (c) 2026 Frame Jane A. Mendaros https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mental Health and Quality of Life among Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in the Province of Sultan Kudarat: A Descriptive Study
Section: Articles Categories: Humanities, Social Sciences Keywords: Mental health , Quality of Life , Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) Persons deprived of liberty often experience increased psychological distress and reduced quality of life as a result of incarceration-related conditions such as overcrowding, social isolation, and limited access to healthcare services. This study aimed to assess the mental health status and quality of life of persons deprived of liberty in selected jails within the province of Sultan Kudarat and to determine the relationship between these two variables. A descriptive–correlational research design was employed, utilizing validated instruments: the Adult Mental Health Continuum–Short Form and the WHOQOL-BREF. A total of 247 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. The findings revealed that most respondents were classified as flourishing in terms of mental health, with high scores in personal growth, sense of purpose, and emotional resilience. Overall quality of life was rated as good, particularly in domains related to interpersonal relationships and daily functioning, although relatively lower scores were observed in physical health and emotional well-being. A weak but statistically significant relationship (ρ = .167, p = .008) was found between mental health and quality of life. These results indicate that, although mental health and quality of life are associated, other factors may also influence the overall well-being of this population. The study supports the development of a targeted mental health enhancement program aimed at improving rehabilitation outcomes and facilitating successful reintegration into society.
Marie France Antoniette Sampiano-Dagnaus
Copyright (c) 2026 Marie France Antoniette Sampiano-Dagnaus, Ross Ann G. Gomez, Elsie I. Montealegre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Assessment of Teachers’ Competency and Students’ Preparedness in STEM Education: The Case of Ilocos Norte Public Secondary Schools
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: STEM education, Teacher competency, Student preparedness, Classroom instruction, Professional development, STEM teachers and students This study examined the level of teacher competency and student preparedness in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in the Schools Division of Ilocos Norte. A descriptive research design was employed using total enumeration of all 99 STEM teachers handling Science, Mathematics, and Technology-related subjects in the 32 public secondary schools offering the STEM strand. Data collection was conducted during the first two months of the second semester of School Year 2025–2026, allowing assessment after the completion of first-semester requirements and alignment with recent 2025 educational literature. Data were gathered through adapted survey instruments consisting of Teacher Competency Checklist and Student Preparedness Checklist, both utilizing a 4-point Likert scale. The instruments were teacher-rated; both teacher competency and student preparedness were assessed based on teachers’ perceptions. Quantitative data were analyzed using weighted mean and descriptive interpretation. Results showed that STEM teachers perceived themselves as very highly competent, with the highest ratings in the domains of classroom instruction and content and pedagogy, and as highly competent in the domain of qualification and training. Students are highly prepared in STEM education, as perceived by teachers in terms of academic knowledge, laboratory and technological skills, as well as attitude and study habits. The findings of this study are consistent with inquiry-based and social constructivist theories emphasizing learner-centered instruction and collaborative problem solving. The very high teacher ratings in hands-on learning, open-ended inquiry, and differentiated classroom strategies reflect recommended pedagogical practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Glaiza Amor O. Guillermo, Lilibeth G. Abrogena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBE) Law: Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Recommendations
Section: Articles Categories: Business Keywords: BMBE Law, Income generation, Local competitiveness, Microenterprises, Poverty alleviation This study aimed to examine the implementation of the Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBE) Law and its impacts and challenges as perceived by the business owners in the City of Malabon, Philippines, and proposed policy recommendations. The BMBE Law was enacted to promote the growth of microenterprises and stimulate local economic development in underserved communities. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed to assess the law's impact on income generation, local competitiveness, and poverty alleviation of various business sectors. The results indicated that respondents generally perceived a very high level of BMBE Law implementation. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in local competitiveness when businesses were grouped by years in operation, whereas no significant differences were observed in income generation and poverty alleviation. Early-stage enterprises, operating for less than five years, reported a higher perceived economic contribution in terms of local competitiveness compared with longer-established firms. The findings of this study underscored the need for ongoing monitoring and support for microenterprises to optimize the benefits of the BMBE Law. The study highlighted the importance of tailored, sector-specific interventions that address the diverse experiences of microenterprises. Overall, the results provided valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to strengthen the implementation and effectiveness of the BMBE Law, thereby advancing sustainable economic growth in the City of Malabon, Philippines.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefferson R. Cruz, Rolando R. Calma, Luisito V. Correa, Jr., Mario Alex S.J. Clarin, Ken Paul M. Espinosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Roles of Cafes as Informal Learning Spaces Among College Students
Section: Articles Keywords: Informal learning spaces, Cafés, College students, Self-directed learning, Learning performance, Student well-being, Higher education The increasing use of cafés by college students for academic activities highlights the need to examine their effectiveness as informal learning spaces. However, empirical evidence on how these environments support learning, performance, and student well-being remains limited. This study aimed to assess college students’ perceptions of cafes as informal learning spaces and determine how these venues are utilized for academic purposes. A descriptive–quantitative research design was employed, involving 100 college students who regularly studied in selected cafes in Baliwag City, Bulacan, Philippines. Data were collected using an expert-validated survey questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistical techniques. Findings revealed that students generally perceived cafes as conducive learning environments, particularly in terms of comfort (overall mean = 3.19) and accessibility (overall mean = 3.01). Physical amenities were also rated positively (overall mean = 2.86), although noise level received the lowest mean score (M = 2.51), indicating a key challenge. In terms of utilization, cafés supported self-directed learning (overall mean = 3.07) and positively influenced learning performance (overall mean = 3.06), with motivation emerging as the strongest factor (M = 3.12). Additionally, cafes contributed significantly to student well-being (overall mean = 3.18), especially in enhancing mood and motivation (M = 3.33) and reducing academic stress (M = 3.22). The study concludes that cafes function as effective informal learning spaces that promote motivation, independent learning, and well-being among college students. The findings offer practical implications for cafe owners and higher education institutions in developing more student-centered, supportive informal learning environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Teresa N. Bernabe, Ma. Crisandra C. Timbang, Alora Erica S. Salcedo, Ken Paul M. Espinosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRS92 Monument Re-Coordination: Ensuring A United Coordinate System in Baguio City
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Geodetic control networks, Global navigation satellite system, Objectives, Initiatives and activities, Implementation, Challenges This research study looked into PRS92 Monument Re-coordination: Ensuring A United Coordinate System in Baguio City. The respondents were composed of thirty locals geodetic engineers who are duly registered with the Geodetic Engineer of the Philippines (GEP), Baguio City Chapter. The descriptive research design and descriptive survey research were the research methodology used. The questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument of the study. Based on the data gathered, the findings are the following: the objectives of re-coordination of PRS92 monuments were very much aware; the initiatives and activities of the PRS92 monument re-coordination were fully implemented, and the challenges met in the implementation of the PRS92 monument re-coordination were very much serious. The conclusions are the following: The high awareness among Geodetic Engineers in Baguio City about PRS92 monument re-coordination underscores their readiness to support the Philippine Reference System 1992 (PRS92); the programs and activities of the PRS92 are still on the process of strengthening its structures and manpower for efficient implementation; and there is a need to address the challenges met in the implementation of the Philippine Reference System 1992.
Copyright (c) 2026 Giovanni S. Banawa, Mirafe Rhoze A. De Castro, Ranelle S. Gabaig, Maureen A. Guliquey, Martin Angelo D. Lina, Le-An W. Mangsi, Emmanuel T. Romero, Criselda S. Felix https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teacher Empowerment: Insights on the Enhancement of Teacher Capabilities Leadership Practices and Teacher Empowerment
Section: Articles Categories: Management, Education and Social Work, Humanities Keywords: Professional growth, School administrators, Teacher capabilities, Teacher empowerment Teacher empowerment is essential to enhance learning outcomes as it directly influences classroom dynamics and educational effectiveness. Thus, this study investigated the teacher empowerment towards enhanced capability among public school teachers in Tagbilaran City and Bohol Divisions for the school year 2023-2024. It employed mixed method approach, particularly convergent parallel design. In the quantitative strand, the study surveyed 280 administrators and 369 public school teachers. In the qualitative strand, an in-depth interview was conducted to ten (10) participants. Results revealed that school heads had a more positive view of teacher empowerment than the teachers themselves, a difference confirmed by statistical analysis. Both groups rated professional growth and self-efficacy domains favourably, but teachers saw their decision-making power as moderate. Factors like leadership, trust, support, and collaboration enhanced empowerment, while micromanagement, limited autonomy, and poor communication hindered it. The study revealed a gap in how the two groups viewed decision-making processes, likely influenced by collaborative program development and tensions around teacher independence within curriculum guidelines. High professional growth ratings aligned with teachers' focus on reflection and effective strategies. Interestingly, qualitative data highlighting teacher collaboration and innovation suggests why teachers may have rated their overall impact lower than school heads did. Recommendations were given to enhance teachers’ empowerment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rex U. Celosia, Maria Liesle A. Dopeno, Jay L. Galimpin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Continued Engagement in Taekwondo Activity in Selected Colleges and Universities: A Self-Determination Theory-Based Process Model
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Self-determination theory, Student engagement, Taekwondo, Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness, Motivation Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a comprehensive framework for understanding student motivation and engagement through three psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. While extensive research has examined SDT in traditional academic contexts, limited investigation has explored its application to martial arts education, particularly Taekwondo. This study examined the relationship between SDT constructs and student engagement in Taekwondo activities among college students. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with 125 Taekwondo practitioners (107 females, 18 males) from selected colleges and universities. Participants completed a multi-item Likert scale measuring four SDT constructs: autonomy, competence, relatedness, and motivation, with five items per construct. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results revealed that relatedness scored highest among participants (M = 4.18), followed by competence (M = 3.73), motivation (M = 3.22), and autonomy (M = 2.98). No statistically significant differences were found between genders or across sleep hour categories. Interestingly, parental involvement significantly affected motivation, with students reporting low parental involvement demonstrating higher motivation levels than those with medium involvement. Multiple regression analysis revealed that all three SDT needs significantly predicted motivation, with competence emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.394), followed by relatedness (β = 0.313) and autonomy (β = 0.234). The model explained 50.7% of the variance in student motivation (R² = 0.507). These findings suggest that Taekwondo training environments that foster feelings of competence, social connection, and appropriate autonomy support can enhance student engagement and sustained participation in Taekwondo activities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jonathan P. Catapang, Rizzenellie P. Gonzales, Eliza B. Ayo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal and Technical Analysis of Overlapping Titles in Baguio City
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Reference system, Instruments, Geodetic engineers, Boundaries, Point, Cadastral, Survey plan This study aims to analyze the legal and technical problems involving overlapping land titles in Baguio City. The study was conducted at different households, firms and the DENR Regional Office located at Baguio City with a total of 19 participants consisting of landowners, geodetic engineers and DENR employees. The study employed qualitative research design with the use of one on one interview as the primary instrument in gathering data. All gathered data were summarized, analyzed, coded, themed and interpreted with the use of thematic analysis. Based on the data, these are the following findings: the causes of overlapping are contradiction of reference system, precision and accuracy of old and new practices, lack of inter-agency coordination, inaccessibility of old records, and human error; landowners, geodetic engineers and DENR employees have contributions to overlapping; the possible approach to overlapping are unification of reference system, improvement of inter-agency coordination and Joint Relocation survey. The conclusions are the following: the evolution of survey is one of the main factor of overlapping, from the instrument, practices, methods and systems used; every stakeholders holds a responsibility in having overlapping land titles whether that be intentional or unintentional; having one system is the ideal solution to overlapping and its proper implementation should be strictly overlooked.
Copyright (c) 2026 KURT MANUEL C. ARGUEZA, JACKSON K. BUCAGAN, ESCELJOY P. GUILANDA, HENSHAFIR YONA B. LAWAGAN, KENJI CATE C. TIO, ENGR. CHARLIE M. FELIX, ENGR. CRISELDA S. FELIX, PhD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sugarcane Characteristics Preferred by the Farmers to Plant in the Philippines: Impact to Production
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Sugarcane production, Rind color, Descriptive-correlation research, Trashing ability, Growth morphology, Production volume, Inflorescence, Agricultural economics,, Varietal selection Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, L.) is a perennial plant in the Poaceae family. It is considered an important crop because it has the capacity to produce sucrose, accounting for up to 50% of the dry weight of a mature stalk. In the Philippines, the sugarcane industry is one of the major dollar income industries. The study aims to determine the different sugarcane characteristics preferred by the farmers to plant and their relation to the volume of production in the Philippines. The descriptive-correlation method was employed in the study. The instrument used was the validated survey questionnaire used by the group of Oñal in their study in 2021. The 320 sugarcane farmers were randomly identified at the seven locations in the Visayas area of the Philippines. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) implied that there’s a significant difference in the production of sugarcane among the different locations in the Philippines. On sugarcane characteristics, the color of the stalks, stalk growth morphology, and the number of millable stalks at harvest implied a significant difference in production. The stalk color and number of millable stalks at harvest were strongly correlated with the volume of production. The studyrevealed that in the characterization of sugarcane varieties in the Philippines, the stalk color and number of millable stalks should be given an impetus before releasing the varieties to farmers. The results of the study will enhance the government's average national target of production to 75 tons/ha and sustain the Philippine sugar industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulino Miguel M. Oñal, Paulino A Oñal, Jr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening One Health in BARMM: Integrative Approaches to Human, Animal, and Environmental Health for Sustainable Community Resilience
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: One Health, Community Resilience, BARMM Where formal medical–veterinary linkages are weak or nonexistent, as in BASULTA, zoonotic risks are commonly governed through informal institutional mechanisms that may be described as pragmatic “political settlements” operating at the local level. Health workers often use tacit and networked knowledge and culture-specific coordination—such as consultation with local animal handlers, traditional healers,barangay leaders (village heads), and environmental officers—to recognize disease patterns before they are reportable ZDs. Although undocumented, these informal mechanisms enable communities to adjust quickly in geographically isolated and resource-poor territories and are an indication of what De Vera (2022) refers to as negotiated governance in conflict-affected areas. Instead of these configurations being seen as deficits, One Health “policies on paper” should identify and incorporate them as realistic nodes for institutionalization. This may require mediation of community-based animal health workers, institutionalization of local reporting pathways into surveillance and multi-actor protocols that value experiential knowledge as much as technical expertise. Although mired at local scale by piecemeal efforts, embedding such locally adapted coping mechanisms into formal policy can shift One Health implementation in BARMM away from externally-driven models and towards context responsive modes of governance sensitive to everyday practices; while supporting a resilient system overtime.
Copyright (c) 2026 Magna Anissa A. Aming-Hayudini, Mahmor N. Edding, Brenda A. Hussin, Safia E. Aming https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
How Crowdfunding Shapes Venture, Product and Market Decisions: A Multiple Case Study of Philippine-based Microenterprises
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Crowdfunding, Venture creation, Microenterprises, Social capital Microenterprises face constraints in accessing capital, markets, and entrepreneurial support systems, which limit their capacity for venture creation and growth. Crowdfunding emerged as an alternative mechanism with the potential to address these challenges; yet its role in shaping venture creation decisions remains underexplored in emerging economies. Using an exploratory, qualitative, multiple-case approach, this study examines how crowdfunding influences the venture-creation and decision-making processes of Philippine-based microentrepreneurs. Drawing on eight cases of successfully crowdfunded enterprises, the study investigates entrepreneurs’ motivations for participating in crowdfunding, their experiences before, during, and after campaigns, and the critical transition points that shape venture outcomes. Findings demonstrate that crowdfunding is a market-validation tool rather than a financial tool. While funding initially motivates participation, crowdfunding’s most significant benefits are non-financial: market and consumer insight, product feedback, brand visibility, and access to broader networks. More importantly, these resources inform decisions to launch new ventures, develop new products, enter new markets, or pivot strategically, enabling low-risk market experimentation prior to full venture commitment. Building on these findings, the study refines crowdfunding entrepreneurial frameworks by extending commitment beyond new venture creation to include product- and market-level decisions, and contributes an alternative venture creation pathway for resource-constrained microenterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raymond Allan G. Vergara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ESG Reporting Practices and Their Role in Driving Circular Economy Innovation and Triple Bottom Line Performance among Philippine Manufacturing Enterprises: A Narrative Literature Review
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: ESG Reporting, Triple Bottom Line, Circular Economy Performance, Narrative Literature Review The study examines at how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting is helping mold a more responsible and sustainable future for manufacturing businesses in the Philippines. Today, businesses are no longer judged by profit alone. They are also expected to show how they protect the environment, treat people fairly, and operate with integrity. Utilizing a narrative literature review of studies published from 2015-2025, this research explores how this concept supports circular economy innovation and improves Triple Bottom Line performance, which focuses on people, planet, and profit. The review shows that government regulations, especially the SEC Memorandum Circular No. 4 (2019), greatly increased sustainability reporting among companies. While many firms now comply with reporting requirements, the actual depth of sustainability actions still differs across organizations. Evidence shows that strong ESG practices encourage circular strategies such as reducing waste, reusing materials, and designing products for longer use. These efforts are further supported by national policies like the Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022. But, problems remain, including limited data, uneven reporting quality, and resource constraints among smaller firms. In the nutshell, the study emphasizes that meaningful ESG reporting, combined with circular economy practices and responsible leadership can help Philippine manufacturers achieve long-term growth, resilience, and global competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alberlyn Jo Mary L. Alegre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Relationship Between Campus Leadership and Institutional Performance in Higher Education Institutions in Sulu
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Campus Leadership, Institutional Performance, Higher Education Institutions, Transformational Leadership, Sulu, Philippines This research aimed to determine the association between campus leadership and institutional performance of higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Sulu. In particular, it investigated the influences of leadership behavior, cultural context, resource availability training and development, community engagement, political support and administrative support as important determinants of faculty and student outcomes. Building on Transformational Leadership Theory and Institution Theory, this study focused on leaders’ dual role in motivating internal actors and purposefully reacting to external institutional mandates. A quantitative research design using a self-made survey questionnaire was used in this study to collect the data from 209 respondents; faculty, administrators and students of five HEIs in Sulu, specifically: Mindanao State University – Sulu (MSU-Sulu), Notre Dame of Jolo College (NDJC), Sulu State College (SSC), Hadji Butu School of Arts and Trade (HBSAT) and Sulu College of Technology Inc. (SCT). All the data collection was made by stratified random sampling. Results were expressed by means of descriptive statistics, t-test and post-hoc analysis, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results indicated that leadership on campus in Sulu is mainly strong, healthy with clear vision to communicate effectively, and provide solid support for faculty and students. Overall level of faculty satisfaction and productivity and student engagement or learning outcomes were rated high, suggesting an effective influence of leadership on organizational performance. There were highly statistically significant relationships between the leadership factors and faculty and student outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sophia Punding Danial – Sahial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Managing Digital Presence: A Comparative Cost-Benefit Analysis of Onsite and Remote Operational Models
Section: Articles Keywords: digital presence management, remote work, onsite operations, cost-benefit analysis, social media engagement, scenario modeling Organizations face critical decisions regarding work models for digital presence management (DPM) teams, where onsite and remote operations present distinct trade-offs in cost, security, collaboration, and engagement. This study developed and compared scenario-based cost-benefit models for four staffing configurations (30, 60, 90, 150 workers) across onsite and remote DPM operations. We employed a scenario-based comparative analysis using projected operational data for hardware, software, licensing, staffing, and infrastructure costs (denominated in PHP). Social media engagement projections were based on a 3.5% organic reach rate, benchmarked to the dominant Philippine platform, Instagram. Sensitivity analysis was included. Remote operations demonstrated 21–28% monthly cost savings (PHP 669,850–1,337,250 vs. PHP 850,600–1,860,600 onsite). Cost per 1,000 projected reach was lower for remote models (PHP 2.66–3.18) compared to onsite (PHP 3.37–4.43). Onsite models incurred substantial upfront infrastructure costs (PHP 532,428–2,002,256). While remote DPM offers significant cost advantages, achieving equivalent security requires investment in advanced frameworks, which may offset a portion of the savings. The decision framework must therefore prioritize organizational security requirements, governance needs, and budget constraints alongside cost efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Josan D. Tamayo, Eliza B. Ayo, Joey O. Chua, Czarina Mitz Natino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Social Media Platforms on Youth Civic and Political Engagement Among Senior High School Students in Zone 4, Division of Zambales
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Social Media Platforms, Youth Civic Engagement, Political Engagement, Senior High School students This study aimed to explore the impact of social media on civic and political engagement among senior high school students in Zone 4 of the Schools Division of the Province of Zambales, Philippines. This study randomly selected 681 student-respondents and how social media affects their civic and political engagement. Results show that the majority from this study respondents were typically Female, 17 years old, mostly from Senior High School Academic Track, from low-income class family, with gadgets and highly engaged in using social media. Findings revealed that Facebook was the most commonly used social media platform among the Senior High School students. It also shows that respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness regarding the impact of social media platforms on youth civic and political engagement. Meanwhile, statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the perceived impact of social media platforms on political issues engagement when students were grouped according to sex, monthly family income, and extent of social media usage. Further, significant differences were also found in the perceived impact of social media platforms on overall youth engagement in terms of social media usage. Meanwhile, there is no significant difference observed in the perceived impact of social media platforms on social issues engagement when students were grouped according to sex, age, Senior High School track, household income, gadgets used, and social media usage. Results from this study showed significant difference in terms of students’ awareness of social media and political issues which influenced using social media platforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lea C. Saldivar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multi-Grade Teaching: Experiences of Elementary Teachers of Zone 2, DepEd Division of Zambales, Philippines
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Elementary Teachers, Multigrade, Lived Experiences, Challneges, Rewards, Coping Strategies, Professional Support This study aimed to deeply understand the lived experiences of elementary teachers in multi-grade classrooms in Zone 2, Division of Zambales, Philippines. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological research design, the methodology involved in-depth interviews and observations with 15 purposively sampled multigrade teachers from Botolan and Palauig Districts. Data analysis was systematically conducted using Braun & Clarke's six-step thematic process. Key findings revealed that multigrade teaching is both highly demanding and deeply fulfilling. Teachers face significant challenges, including adapting to diverse learners and curricula, managing limited resources, and handling intensive planning and workload, often leading to emotional strain. Despite this, they derive sense of satisfaction from witnessing student growth, fostering strong learning communities, and experiencing personal and professional transformation. Teachers employ multifaceted coping strategies such as determination, proactive approaches, for instance differentiated instruction; and building supportive classroom communities. The study concludes that these educators exhibit remarkable resilience and ingenuity, and their effectiveness hinges on a robust, interconnected support system encompassing specialized professional development, adequate resources, and comprehensive collaborative and administrative backing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wilbert B. Fronda, Marie Fe D. De Guzman, Leila L. Ravana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership Experiences of Youth Council Officials in a Selected Philippine Municipality: Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Youth Development Programs
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Leadership, Region XII, Sangguniang kabataan, Youth development programs The Youth Council, which the Filipinos call Sangguniang Kabataan (SK), gives young leaders in the Philippines an opportunity to participate in local government while they work to build their communities. The youth themselves provide the best way to understand how SK operates as an official government body. However, research on SK officials who serve in Region XII remains scarce because researchers have yet to study their methods for leading youth programs which include their work in planning and executing activities and their role in program evaluation. Thus, the researcher conducted a descriptive study which focused on one municipality situated in Region XII to fill the existing research gap. The researcher conducted interviews with seven SK officials using semi-structured questions to obtain their personal stories. Then, thematic analysis was used to discover the main patterns and recurring themes. The findings revealed that SK leaders approach program planning in a deliberate, collaborative, and evidence-based way. Their leadership during implementation shows three important qualities which are adaptability, ethical behavior, and systematic operations. The program evaluation process was action-oriented, strategic, and reflective. These insights have important implications for youth governance, program implementation, and policy development. SK officials acquire their leadership skills through training programs which they combine with mentorship programs and direct support to achieve successful program implementation and community service activities. They create permanent leadership skills and effective programs through their operational methods which they implement together with their funding resources and equipment capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alphil Christian C. Cabe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Experiences of Elementary Learners in the National Learning Camp (NLC) Program of DepEd, Division of Zambales, Philippines
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: National Learning Camp Program, Elementary Pupils, Challenges, Impact, Attitudes towards Learning, Academic Performance, Program Effectiveness This study utilized a phenomenological research methodology to explore the lived experiences of elementary Grade 3 pupils in Zone 2, Division of Zambales, who participated in the National Learning Camp (NLC) program. Participants were selected via purposive sampling, ensuring they met specific criteria including: (1) was a bona fide grade 3 pupil participating in the NLC program; (2) had completed at least one full cycle of the NLC program; (3) whose parents/guardians had provided written informed consent for their participation in the study; and (4) was able to communicate their thoughts and experiences clearly and effectively. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions and subsequently analyzed using Bingham's five-phase thematic analysis. The findings show that the National Learning Camp successfully created a positive and engaging learning environment for pupils; and enriching experiences in reading and game-based activities. The participants described the challenges in terms of environmental, resources and pedagogical; and emotional struggles. Despite the identified challenges, pupils particularly valued the NLC's impact on basic literacy and their overall perception of learning, crediting to their supportive teachers for much of this success. To further enhance the program, pupils recommend strengthening foundational skills through engaging, hands-on activities, providing personalized attention, and optimizing program duration and resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elbert D. Fronda, Marie Fe D. De Guzman, Leila L. Ravana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Descriptive Study of E-Collection Systems and Municipal Revenue Efficiency: Evidence from Selected Municipalities in Iloilo Province, Philippines
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: E-collection systems, Municipal revenue efficiency, Digital governance, Iloilo Province, LGUs This study examines the effect of electronic collection (e-collection) systems on municipal revenue efficiency in selected municipalities of Iloilo Province, Philippines, within the context of ongoing digital governance reforms. While prior studies have established that electronic revenue systems generally enhance collection performance, empirical evidence at the municipal level in developing-country settings remains limited, particularly regarding how specific efficiency dimensions such as timeliness, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and transparency are affected under partial system integration. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to municipal treasurer and accountant offices in municipalities with operational e-collection systems. Revenue efficiency was assessed using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed through frequency distributions, weighted means, and standard deviations. Results indicate that e-collection systems have a high positive effect on revenue efficiency, particularly in transaction timeliness (WM = 3.74), cost-effectiveness (WM = 3.73), and transparency and accountability (WM = 3.96). Respondents reported faster payment processing, reduced manual encoding, clearer audit trails, and improved public trust. However, the impact on delinquency reduction and real-time reconciliation remained moderate, largely due to stand-alone system deployment, limited system integration with accounting platforms, and uneven staff capacity. Despite adoption growth in 2024 with 38.10% of sampled municipalities implementing e-collection, more than 90% of municipalities still process less than 10% of total transactions electronically. The study contributes localized empirical evidence showing that efficiency gains from e-collection are significant but constrained by institutional, technical, and administrative factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Blessed Art Marie L. Convocar, Marjo F. Feguro, Rachylle Claryce T. Querimit, Irish Faith A. Solinap, Bernandino P. Malang, Jocelyn DS. Malang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Utilization of an Improvised Fuming Device in the Development of Latent Fingerprint
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: dactyloscopy, fingerprint analysis, personal identification Developing latent print is an important process in investigating a person’s identity for the solution of a case. There are different types of developing latent prints that are being used by the Fingerprint Examiner. Cyanoacrylate or superglue reacts with the moisture present on the latent print. It is one of the most effective methods of developing latent print. There are various types of fuming chambers that are used in this method that can be bought in the markets, but they cost a lot of money; many of the fuming chambers present in the market do not have specific sizes. Fingerprint analysis is a crucial part of forensic science, serving as an important tool in identifying a person link with the crimes. The traditional method of developing latent fingerprints using cyanoacrylate has limitations that require innovative solutions. The current study differs from this study, which only focuses on developing fingerprints on portable objects. To address the challenges related to the size of the fuming box, the participants recommended using different sizes - small, medium, and large - depending on the size of the evidence being processed. To address the challenge of fuming box size, it is advisable to equip forensic laboratories with a range of fuming box sizes, including small, medium, and large options. This will allow the Fingerprint Examiner to match the size of the evidence with an appropriate fuming box, ensuring efficient and effective development of latent prints.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hazel Ann Asoy, Fernando M. Amaro, Eleonor N. Villaruz, March Jale A. Paradiang, Divina G. Torralba, EdzeL G. Peña, Wendell B Malarasta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Special Weapons and Tactics in the Province of Cavite: Basis for A Proposed Swat Operational Guidelines
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: SWAT, Tactical operations, Police readiness, Operational guidelines, Philippine National Police, Equipment, Training This study assessed the Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) units of the Philippine National Police in the Province of Cavite to serve as a basis for proposed operational guidelines. The study examined the personnel profile, perceptions regarding the selection process, facilities and equipment, and skills and capabilities, as well as the problems encountered and the solutions applied. A descriptive– correlational research design was employed using a researcher-made questionnaire validated by field experts. Data were collected from 105 SWAT personnel and analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Chi-square, and Spearman’s Rho. Findings revealed that while SWAT units are composed of capable and resilient personnel, several gaps remain in equipment, training, and administrative support. Most respondents possessed only a bachelor’s degree, and a large proportion had attended only one specialized training session, indicating limited opportunities for advanced tactical development. The results also showed that rank and age were the least influential criteria in selection, suggesting a shift toward merit-based recruitment focused on capability and readiness. Statistical tests indicated varying levels of relationships between profile variables, perceptions, problems, and solutions. Based on the findings, operational guidelines were proposed to address equipment procurement, training enhancement, personnel welfare, and administrative support. The study contributes to improving the readiness and effectiveness of SWAT units in the province.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juanito A. Vergara Jr, John Paul R. Mallillin, Caezar P. Cabuhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers' Instructional Time Management Practices and Learners’ Academic Performance in Zone 3, Schools Division of Zambales
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Instructional Time Management, Teachers’ Practices, Academic Performance Descriptive-Correlational Study, Public Elementary Schools, Zambales Instructional time management is crucial in enhancing the teaching-learning process and improving students’ academic performance. This study examined teachers’ instructional time management practices and their relationship with learners’ academic performance in Zone III schools of the Division of Zambales. Specifically, it described the teachers’ demographic profile, assessed their instructional time management practices, and determined the extent to which these variables influenced student performance. The study addressed a research gap concerning the limited examination of how demographic characteristics affect instructional time management and its correlation with academic performance. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed using survey questionnaires and learners’ academic performance records. Results showed that most respondents were young female teachers handling intermediate grades, with adequate teaching experience and postgraduate educational backgrounds. Teachers consistently practiced instructional time management, particularly in motivating learners, while students demonstrated very satisfactory academic performance. Significant differences in instructional time management were found when teachers were grouped according to gender, age, length of service, and teaching position. However, no significant differences were observed in planning and resource management across teacher profiles. Moreover, the relationship between instructional time management and academic performance revealed a very low positive correlation. Based on the findings, the study recommends targeted development programs.
Academic Performance Descriptive-Correlational Study
Copyright (c) 2026 Dianne L. Mendigorin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Instructional Package for Marine Automation Course (IPMAC) of the Marine Engineering Department of the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy
Section: Articles Keywords: Marine Automation, Web-Based Instruction, Engineering Education, E-Learning Systems, Control Engineering, Outcomes-Based Education Maritime systems are becoming increasingly automated, creating a need for highly skilled engineers in marine automation with strong knowledge of control engineering, instrumentation, and ways to run automated systems. The inadequacy of traditional teaching techniques to offer sufficient interactivity, accessibility, and uniformity needed for learning in a technologically complex world has resulted in a need for new forms of delivering instruction. This study aimed to produce, implement, evaluate a web-based instructional package that would improve teaching of Basic Control Engineering (BCE) through use of an Internet-based package (IPMAC) at the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy. The IPMAC system was developed using PHP and MySQL, and had interactive lecture presentations, visualisations of control systems, automated assessment and feedback, and an ability to monitor progress, all from one web-based application. A descriptive evaluative research methodology was developed to assess the usability, effectiveness and satisfaction of use by Engineering students at the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, faculty members, and IT professionals through a structured survey. Based on the answers provided by participants, all participants agreed that using this system was useful in providing support for their lesson plans and keeping students engaged throughout the learning process. Participants also indicated they better comprehended the concept of automation and that they could successfully teach students both the benefit of automated systems as well as the effectiveness of using automated systems when teaching students through assessments/tests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wenceslao M. Cawagas III https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Behavioral Strategies and Policy Frameworks for Promoting Discipline in Child-Friendly School Environments
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Behavioral strategies, Child-friendly school environment, Teacher descriptions, Cabangan District, School discipline This study investigates the implementation of behavioral strategies and their relationship with child-friendly school practices in public high schools within the Cabangan District. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study surveyed teacher-respondents to assess their descriptions of behavioral strategies, including monitoring and evaluation, appropriateness, frequency, and consistency, as well as child-friendliness indicators such as teacher–student relationships, student engagement, and safety and orderliness. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools such as percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. Findings indicate that teachers generally perceived behavioral strategies and child-friendliness positively, with active monitoring and appropriate strategies being the strongest areas, while frequency, consistency, and safety measures were identified as areas needing improvement. No significant differences were found in descriptions based on teacher profile variables, suggesting uniformity in understanding and implementation of policies. Pearson correlation revealed a weak positive but non-significant relationship between behavioral strategies and child-friendliness, implying that additional factors, such as leadership, resources, and parental involvement, also influence child-friendly practices. The study proposed a School-Based Behavioral Support Program to strengthen discipline and child-friendly practices. The program includes policy alignment, capacity building, monitoring and evaluation, restorative practices, and parent–community involvement, aiming to address areas of improvement and promote an inclusive, safe, and supportive school environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Josue A. Tolero, Rhona Liza C. Echaluse https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
School-Based Management and School Heads Management Practicesin Zone III Schools Division of Zambales
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: School-Based Management; School Heads’ Management Practices; Teacher Perception; Empowering Staff; Professional Development; Curriculum Relevance; Elementary Teachers; Zone III, Division of Zambales This research study aimed to assess the implementation of School-Based Management (SBM) and school heads’ management practices as perceived by teachers in selected elementary schools in Zone III, Division of Zambales during the school year 2021–2022. The study employed a descriptive research design, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from 158 teacher-respondents. Findings revealed that teachers strongly agreed on the effective implementation of SBM, particularly in the dimensions of empowering staff, training staff, introducing schemes for improving quality, integrating various forms of new technology, and promoting continuous professional growth. Similarly, school heads’ management practices were perceived as highly practiced in terms of administrative support, adequacy of physical facilities, and curriculum relevance. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences in teachers’ perceptions across the dimensions of SBM and management practices, suggesting a consistent understanding and experience among respondents. Based on the findings, an action plan was proposed to further strengthen the continuous implementation of SBM and school heads’ management practices. The study recommends that school heads disseminate the results to improve awareness and application, and encourages future researchers to conduct parallel studies with a wider scope and in-depth exploration to validate and expand upon these findings. Overall, the study underscores the importance of effective management practices in enhancing the quality of elementary education.
School-Based Management; School Heads’ Management Practices; Teacher Perception; Empowering Staff; Professional Development; Curriculum Relevance; Elementary Teachers; Zone III, Division of Zambales
Copyright (c) 2026 Winlyn L. Farin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Dance Literacy, Physical Fitness, and Motor Skills Development
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Dance Literacy, Physical Fitness, Motor Skills Development This study investigated the influence of dance literacy program on the physical fitness and motor skills development of Grade 11 students at Dr. Lorenzo P. Ziga Memorial High School, Pasacao District, Division of Camarines Sur on 2023–2024. Grounded in Motor Learning Theory (2011), the study examined how dance literacy can enhance students’ physical, social, and emotional development. The study also determined students’ levels of physical fitness and motor skills development within gross and fine motor domains. The study also analyzed the relationships between dance literacy and physical fitness and between dance literacy and motor skills development. It employed descriptive-correlational research design with 53 Grade 11 students who were selected through total enumeration. The data utilized survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and were treated through mean, Pearson correlation and coefficient of determination. The findings showed that the students reached excellent levels of physical fitness in cardiovascular and muscular endurance while muscular strength was rated only at a good level since there was limited resistance trainings. In general, the students exhibited excellent level of gross motor skills but their fine motor skills remained at a good level. The results also revealed that there is no significant relationship between dance literacy and physical fitness and between dance literacy and motor skills development. The study suggests to integrate resistance trainings to strengthen the abdominal and back muscles and model the technicalities of intricate movements of hands and fingers like creating small cursive or zigzag strokes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nomer V. Coralde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Challenges of Gender-Responsive Pedagogy Practices of Teachers
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Challenges Encountered, Level of Adaptation of Gender- Responsive Pedagogy Practices, Handbook The study aimed to determine the influence of challenges on gender-responsive pedagogy (GRP) practices at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Sipocot Campus during the school year 2024-2025. This employed a descriptive-correlational method. Statistical analyses included weighted mean, Pearson Product- Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Coefficient of Determination. The data show that teachers are generally in agreement on the issues they face, with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.02. Despite challenges, GRP practice was very high, with an average weighted mean (AWM) of 3.65, indicating "very highly practiced." A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the implementation of GRP in course syllabi and challenges in classroom setup (r = 0.383, p < 0.05) and teaching methodology (r = 0.347, p < 0.05). However, there was no substantial link between problems and GRP methods in classroom management or student performance evaluation. The analysis also found very minor connections between course syllabi and classroom arrangement (r2 = 0.15), teaching approach (r2 = 0.12), and gender-neutral language (r2 = 0.01). Similarly, there were weak associations found between classroom management and student performance (r2 values ranged from 0.00 to 0.11). These findings form the basis of a handbook aimed at addressing the stated difficulties.
Level of Adaptation of Gender- Responsive Pedagogy Practices
Copyright (c) 2026 Donna Claire C. Reynales, Lehai B. Beloro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Phenomenon of Burnout of Primary School Teachers
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Occupational Burnout, Primary Education, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, Teacher Well-being Occupational burnout is a significant threat to the teaching profession, affecting both the quality of education and the mental health of educators. This study explores the phenomenon of burnout among primary school teachers, focusing on the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Using a quantitative approach, the research examined 31 teachers at Arkady Fiedler Primary School No. 5 in Gniezno. Results indicate that while 66.6% of respondents experience some level of emotional exhaustion, there is a strong correlation between professional experience and burnout severity. Teachers with over 30 years of service and those holding "certified teacher" status are most at risk. The study concludes that enhancing teachers' sense of self-efficacy and providing stress-management training are essential for organizational health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Katarzyna Miłek, Magdalena Figaj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Competence and Influencing Factors Among Elementary Teachers in Zambales: Basis for a Capacity-Building Program
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Digital Competence, Elementary School Teachers, DigComp 2.2 Framework, ICT Integration, Teaching and Learning, Professional Development, Digital Literacy, Public Elementary Schools, Zone III, Division of Zambales Digital competence is essential for teachers in today’s technology-driven educational landscape. This study assessed the level of digital competence among elementary school teachers in Zone III, Division of Zambales, and examined factors influencing their digital proficiency. Anchored on the DigComp 2.2 Framework, the research focused on six competence areas: professional engagement, digital resources, teaching and learning, assessment, empowering learners, and facilitating learners’ digital competence. A descriptive research design was employed, involving 160 teachers from selected large public elementary schools who responded to a validated and adapted questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, analysis of variance, and Pearson r correlation. Results revealed that most respondents were female, in middle adulthood, and in the mid-career stage. While teachers demonstrated moderately high levels of self-reported digital competence, findings also showed a statistically significant gap in formal institutional training related to digital integration, indicating reliance on experiential and self-directed learning rather than structured professional development. Significant differences in digital competence were found when respondents were grouped according to age, years of teaching experience, and training exposure. Moreover, moderate relationships existed between digital competence and perceived usefulness, ease of use, availability of infrastructure, and access to digital tools. Based on the findings, an intervention program emphasizing structured training, mentoring, and improved access to digital resources was proposed to support sustained improvement in teaching effectiveness in schools.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irene May D. Buenaventura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude, and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence among Nursing Professors: A Systematic Review
Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work, Health Sciences Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Nursing Professors, AI utilization, Systematic Review The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the major disruptions in nursing education and research. This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of AI among nursing professors. A systematic review of peer-reviewed research was conducted to identify the different factors that influence AI utilization among nursing educators. Based on the results of the study, even though professors express positive attitude towards AI use in the teaching and learning process, gaps in competence, ethical use, and institutional support in terms of access exist. Training, hands-on workshops, and guidelines on ethical use are proposed approaches that can strengthen the integration of AI in nursing education. This review concludes that curriculum revisions and AI integration can better prepare the nursing professors in the use of AI in hospital and community settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cherry Ann Durante, Estrella San Juan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Justice in the Digital Age: Evaluating the Impact and Integrity of Virtual Hearings in Makati City
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: virtual hearings, digital justice, qualitative phenomenology, court technology During the height of COVID-19 pandemic, courts around the globe rely mostly on videoconferencing to sustain judicial processes and that their operations remain unhampered. In the Philippines, particularly in Makati City, the adoption of videoconferencing became part of the judicial system even after the pandemic. However, this opened questions about its integrity and effectiveness. With the use of qualitative phenomenological research design guided by Colizzi’s method, this study focuses on the evaluation and impact of videoconferencing specifically on safety and security measures, ability to present cases, procedural integrity, and technical challenges encountered by the selected participants. A total of ten (10) participants which include litigants, lawyers, prosecutors, court personnel, and law enforcement officers who are directly involved or had experience attending virtual hearing have been interviewed. The study collected data through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. With the direction of the Philippine government towards digitalization, local studies remain limited to quantitative evaluation of user satisfaction in the use of videoconferencing. Additionally, the findings from previous studies highlight the urgent need for robust digital infrastructure, enhanced training, and policy refinement to ensure fairness and protect legal rights in virtual courtrooms. This study, on the other hand, includes findings on the workarounds adapted by the stakeholders to balance and bridge the transition from traditional and virtual courtroom setup such as the use hybridized practices during presentation and marking of evidence, where physical records complement virtual hearings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Argel Anthony V. Chua https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Teachers’ Pedagogical Beliefs and Classroom Practices in Teaching Science
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Pedagogical Beliefs, Classroom Practices, Science Teaching, Elementary Teachers, Descriptive Research, Zone II, Division of Zambales The study aimed to determine the teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and classroom practices among elementary schools in Zone II, Division of Zambales. A descriptive research design was employed using a survey questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze and interpret the data. Findings revealed that the majority of the teacher-respondents were female, in middle adulthood, with MAED units, holding the position of Teacher I, and relatively new in the service. The respondents strongly agreed on both teacher-centered and student-centered pedagogical beliefs. Results further showed that there was no significant difference in teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and classroom practices in teaching science when grouped according to profile variables. However, a significant relationship was found between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and their classroom practices, indicating a high correlation between the two. The effective use of strategies to reduce teachers’ and students’ resistance in science teaching requires purposeful developmental planning and the integration of active learning strategies. Moreover, the integration of technology in classroom instruction has the potential to promote more student-centered and constructivist beliefs among teachers. The study recommends that teachers employ differentiated activities and teaching strategies based on students’ learning needs and conduct action research to further improve the teaching and learning process. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct broader and more in-depth studies to validate the findings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yodel D. Dizon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Resilient Teacher: Harnessing The Adversity Quotient to Navigate School Crises
Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Adversity Quotient, Crisis Management Practices, Public School Teachers, Descriptive Research, Resilience and Adaptability, Crisis Preparedness, Professional Development, Demographic Factors, Public Schools; District of Cabangan This study investigates the relationship between teachers’ adversity quotient (AQ) and their crisis management practices in public schools in the District of Cabangan using a descriptive research design involving 208 teacher-respondents. The AQ of teachers was assessed across four dimensions Control, Ownership, Reach, and Endurance while crisis management practices were examined in terms of prediction, prevention, preparedness, performance, and post-crisis action. Data were analyzed using percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated an “Above Average” level of AQ, indicating resilience and adaptability in managing adversities, although ownership and accountability remained areas for improvement. Teachers also exhibited positive crisis management practices, particularly in prediction, prevention, and performance, while long-term crisis planning and communication were identified as aspects needing enhancement. The results further showed a negligible correlation between teachers’ AQ and their crisis management practices, suggesting that these variables operate independently of one another. Demographic factors such as age, length of service, and educational attainment showed minimal influence on both AQ and crisis management practices, except among younger teachers who displayed distinct attitudes toward crisis prevention. Based on the findings, the study proposed an action plan aimed at strengthening teachers’ AQ and crisis management capabilities through resilience training, continuous professional development, and improved communication systems to enhance preparedness and sustain a safe and productive learning environment during future crises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Josue A. Tolero, Girlie G. Acasio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0