International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
type: channel
description: Name: International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research E-ISSN: 2774-5368 DOI: 10.11594/ijmaber Period: Monthly (Since 2021) Indexing and Abstracting: Google Scholar, Crossref, Dimensions, ROAD, Scilit, Garuda, ICI Copernicus, ScienceGate, ISI Indexing, Semantic Scholar, EBSCO and others in progress Partnered with: ReviewerCredits and Publons Publication Guidelines: COPE Guidelines Publisher: Future Science, Malang, Indonesia / FSH-PH Publications, Subic, Zambales, Philippines Founded: 2020 Article Processing Charges 45 USD / Papers. The International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research is peer-reviewed on a monthly basis and publishes full-length papers with a fast review process. It is to enhance the dissemination of knowledge across the multidisciplinary community. We are particularly interested in papers relevant to all disciplines. The editorial board has kept receiving articles that address all areas. Topics: Arts, Business, Economics, and Management; Current Events and Controversial Issues; Education and Social Work; Health Sciences; Humanities; Natural and Physical Sciences; Social Sciences; and Other Relevant Multidisciplinary.
publisher: Future Science / FSH-PH Publications
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
issn: 2774-5368
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).
items: The Digital Divide in Philippine Litigation: A Phenomenological Study of Small-Firm Lawyers in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya Adapting to the Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations (SPJI) 2022–2027
items: Shaping Resilient Faith through Sto. Niño Bendisyoni Hymn: The Case of Local Parishioners in Tacloban City
items: Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Out-Of-Field Junior High School Teachers in the Division of Angeles City Philippines
items: Analyzing The Role of Fur-Friends in Mental Well-Being: Comparing Mental Well-Being of Pet Owners and Non-Owners
items: Preparedness for Business-Related Programs in Higher Education Among ABM Students: Basis for Intervention Programs
items: Silage Quality of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) as Feed for Native Pigs
items: Human Resource Management Practices as Determinants of Job Satisfaction Among College Instructors at St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu, Inc.
items: The Impact of Training and Development on College Instructors’ Professional Development at St. Cecilia's College-Cebu, Inc.
items: Establishing Stronger Connections: Enhancing School-Family Collaboration for Students with Hearing Impairments
items: Understanding Consumers’ Purchase Behavior and Brand Trust in Bangladesh’s Live-Streaming E-Commerce
items: Visual Aesthetic Experience and Emotion Regulation among Millennials in City of Imus
items: Perceived Stress and Employment Readiness Among Filipino Young Adults in Selected Higher Education Institutions in the Province of Cavite
items: Teachers’ Practices In Developing The 21st Century Skills Of Learners In The New Normal Education: Basis For Skills Enhancement Plan
items: Alternative Assessment Strategies and Challenges in Mathematics Instruction at MSU-Sulu during the COVID-19 Pandemic
items: Challenges and Opportunities of Araling Panlipunan Secondary Teachers in Teaching World History Lessons
items: Parental Involvement and Learners’ Achievement: Basis for Action Plan
items: Game-Based Learning and Academic Performance Among Pupils
items: Inadequate School Facilities: It’s Effect on the Learning Experience of the Selected Students in Jolo National High School
items: Physical Education Activities as Perceived by Conservative Bangsamoro Women
items: Enhancing Quality of Agricultural Education Throught Research: Students’ Perspective
items: Herbal Candy Innovation from Oregano, Lemon, and Lemongrass: A School-Based Nutrition and Entrepreneurship Initiative for Health and Well-Being
items: Policing Firearm Regulation and Crime Control: Criminological Insights from the Philippine National Police in Amadeo, Cavite
items: Preserving Evidence Integrity: Assessing Chain of Custody Issues in Tagaytay City Criminal Cases
items: Forensic Capacity Building at the Provincial Level: Implications for Police Investigative Practices in Cavite, Philippines
items: Utilization of Multi-Sensory Approaches in Teaching Reading and Performance Among Pupils
items: Lived Experiences of Spa Teachers in Selected Schools of the Division of Misamis Occidental
items: Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of Early Literacy Intervention Among Kindergarten Teachers
items: Multiple Screen Addiction and Impulsive Buying Behavior Among Selected Young Adults in Lemery, Batangas
items: The Lived Experiences of Filipino Incarcerated Mothers
items: The Lived Experiences of Employed Middle-Aged Adults Having Autism Spectrum in Batangas Province
items: Green Accounting Practices in Philippine Higher Education: A Mixed-Method Case Study of Institutional Readiness at a Local Government College
items: Malakas na Barangay, Malakas na Bayan: Empowering Local Leaders Through Multi-Sectoral Collaboration
items: Characterization and Risk Analysis of Seaweed Farming Ventures in Sorsogon, Philippines

The Digital Divide in Philippine Litigation: A Phenomenological Study of Small-Firm Lawyers in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya Adapting to the Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations (SPJI) 2022–2027
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Management, Social Sciences Keywords: Access to justice, Digital divide, Judicial innovation, Philippine litigation, Provincial legal practice, Small-firm lawyers The Philippine judiciary has initiated technological reforms aimed at modernizing court administration and improving the efficiency and accessibility of judicial processes. Through the Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations (SPJI) 2022–2027, the judiciary introduced initiatives such as electronic filing systems, digital case management platforms, and virtual hearings. While these reforms are intended to streamline litigation procedures and reduce administrative delays, concerns remain regarding the technological readiness of legal practitioners outside major urban centers. Provincial law offices often operate with limited access to reliable technological infrastructure, which may affect their ability to comply with emerging digital court requirements. This study examines how small-firm lawyers in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya experience and adapt to the ongoing digital transformation of litigation procedures. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to explore the lived experiences of practicing lawyers engaged in provincial litigation practice. Eighteen participants were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interview protocols designed to capture their experiences with electronic filing systems, virtual hearings, and other technology-based judicial processes. Interview transcripts were analyzed through thematic interpretation using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The analysis revealed four central themes describing the digital divide in provincial litigation practice: constrained connectivity, negotiation of professional competence, adaptive strategies among practitioners, and uncertain expectations regarding the future of digital court systems. The findings suggest that digital judicial reforms create both opportun…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: category
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Access to justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippine litigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Provincial legal practice
  topic: keywords
subject: Small-firm lawyers
  topic: keywords
creator: Atty. Karpov B. Ablang
creator: Atty. Katrina Bianca Inocentes
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Atty. Karpov B. Ablang, Atty Katrina Bianca Inocentes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1019
ending page: 1023
doi: 10.11594/

Shaping Resilient Faith through Sto. Niño Bendisyoni Hymn: The Case of Local Parishioners in Tacloban City
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Arts, Humanities Keywords: Local parishioners, Resilient faith, Sto. Niño bendisyoni hymn This study explored the role of the Sto. Niño Bendisyoni hymn in shaping and sustaining resilient faith among local parishioners in Tacloban City, a community deeply affected by the trauma of Super Typhoon Yolanda. Utilizing a qualitative single case study design, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with long-term parishioners to examine how this locally revered hymn reinforces spiritual strength, communal identity, and emotional healing. Findings revealed that the hymn functions not only as a liturgical tradition but also as a spiritual anchor that inspires hope, unity, and a profound connection to the divine, especially during times of crisis. Participants described the hymn as a “musical prayer” that fosters both personal and collective resilience, underscoring its importance in their daily worship and cultural identity. Grounded in Fowler’s Faith Development Theory, this study affirms that sacred music, particularly the Sto. Niño Bendisyoni hymn, serves as a transformative medium for faith formation and community recovery, highlighting its enduring power in post-disaster spiritual life.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arts
  topic: category
subject: Humanities
  topic: category
subject: Local parishioners
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilient faith
  topic: keywords
subject: Sto. Niño bendisyoni hymn
  topic: keywords
creator: Ma. Cassandra L. Alag
creator: Francelle Jonah D. Globio
creator: Regina Claire C. Diaz
creator: Martin Jeo Manog
creator: Jay P. Mabini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ma. Cassandra L. Alag, Francelle Jonah D. Globio, Regina Claire C. Diaz, Martin Jeo Manog, Jay P. Mabini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1024
ending page: 1038
doi: 10.11594/

Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Out-Of-Field Junior High School Teachers in the Division of Angeles City Philippines
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work, Social Sciences Keywords: Education, Out-of-field Teaching, Pedagogical Content Knowledge This study examined the profile and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of out-of-field junior high school (JHS) teachers in the Division of Angeles City, Philippines. With the use of total enumeration, 110 respondents served as respondents. Data gathering was done with the use of Google Form. Through descriptive statistics, data were presented in percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Results revealed that most respondents were new teachers (21–30 years), holding a Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English. A majority of the respondents don’t have graduate studies degrees or units, with only a small number having earned master’s or doctoral degrees. The most commonly handled out-of-field subject is Values Education/Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao. Most participants have one to three years of teaching experience and were primarily designated as Teacher I. It is further indicated that out-of-field JHS teachers demonstrated high levels of pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge. JHS teachers showed particular strength in improving lesson content, connecting lesson topics to enhance meaningful learning, relating lessons to real-life contexts, employing higher-order questioning techniques aligned with DepEd standards, and effectively using their voice during instruction. The results further suggest that despite teaching out-of-field, respondents exhibit a high level of pedagogical content knowledge, highlighting their instructional competence and adaptability in addressing curriculum and learner needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education and Social Work
  topic: category
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Out-of-field Teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogical Content Knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Renz Camaya
creator: Elvira Balinas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Renz Camaya, Elvira Balinas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1039
ending page: 1052
doi: 10.11594/

Analyzing The Role of Fur-Friends in Mental Well-Being: Comparing Mental Well-Being of Pet Owners and Non-Owners
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Pet ownership, Fur-friends, Pet attachment, Mental well-being, Human-animal bond, Emotional support This study examined the role of companion animals in mental well-being by comparing pet owners and non-owners in selected areas of Cavite and by exploring how emotional attachment to pets relates to well-being among owners. Grounded in biophilia, attachment, and ecotherapy perspectives, the study addressed whether having a companion animal supports healthier emotional functioning. A descriptive-comparative-correlational research design was employed. Data were collected using standardized self-report measures of mental well-being and pet attachment and were analyzed through chi-square tests and Spearman correlation analysis. Results revealed a significant difference in mental well-being between groups. A majority of pet owners reported above-average mental well-being, while most non-owners fell within the average range, with the difference reaching statistical significance. Among pet owners, levels of attachment varied across domains, with higher emotional closeness and reliance on pets compared to lower engagement in animal welfare and rights. Correlation analyses showed that all attachment domains were positively and significantly associated with mental well-being, indicating that stronger emotional bonds with pets consistently aligned with higher psychological well-being. Based on these findings, the program “FURtitude FUR-ever Well” was developed to promote mental well-being through structured therapy-animal interactions, relaxation activities, community involvement, and responsible pet care. Overall, the study highlights companion animals as meaningful emotional supports and underscores the importance of the quality of bond between human and animal in fostering mental well-being.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Pet ownership
  topic: keywords
subject: Fur-friends
  topic: keywords
subject: Pet attachment
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: Human-animal bond
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional support
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Jesslaine Angela Sanchez
creator: Alexandra Nicole P. Mendoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Jesslaine Angela Sanchez, Alexandra Nicole P. Mendoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1053
ending page: 1062
doi: 10.11594/

Preparedness for Business-Related Programs in Higher Education Among ABM Students: Basis for Intervention Programs
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Business, Management, Education and Social Work Keywords: 21st-century skills, Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand, College readiness, Emotional, intelligence, Financial literacy, K–12 Philippines This study determined the extent of the business programAccountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) respondents from five public senior high schools in Quezon City, District I, were proportionally chosen through a convenient sampling technique from the total population of 471 enrollees in ABM. Using an expert-validated researcher-made questionnaire, the respondents self-assessed their level of competence in 21st-century skills, financial literacy, entrepreneurial skills, and emotional intelligence. The students believed they were well-prepared in communication, personal responsibility, and ICT proficiency but were less prepared in applied financial skills, especially investment management and bookkeeping, and applied entrepreneurial skills, especially prototyping and business modeling. The students also perceived themselves to have moderate-high emotional intelligence, with the lowest degree in emotional regulation. Inferential statistics using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests yielded only two significant differences: females are more proficient in ICT than males (U = 4381.5, p = .021), and information proficiency is significantly higher in the highest income bracket than in the lowest income bracket (H = 14.104, p = .007). These two significant differences in the group indicate inequity in access to technologies and an information-rich environment at home, which the school system should address. To address the gaps in the perceived college readiness of future business majors, the researcher proposes a two-year intervention program titled Business-Ready: Skill-Building for Future Business Majors, which uses applied learning, mentorship, and business simulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Business
  topic: category
subject: Management
  topic: category
subject: Education and Social Work
  topic: category
subject: 21st-century skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand
  topic: keywords
subject: College readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: K–12 Philippines
  topic: keywords
creator: Marianne Farrah T. Segui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marianne Farrah T. Segui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1063
ending page: 1077
doi: 10.11594/

Silage Quality of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) as Feed for Native Pigs
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Natural and Physical Sciences Keywords: alternative feed, arrowroot, fiber contents, native pigs, silage quality High feed costs and limited availability of conventional ingredients constrain native pig production in the Philippines. This study evaluated the silage quality and nutritional composition of arrowroot plant parts ensiled with and without molasses as a potential alternative feed resource. A 2×2 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted using two plant parts (aerial parts and whole plant) and two additive levels (0 and 4% molasses), with six replicates per treatment. Arrowroot plant biomass was ensiled for 21 days under anaerobic conditions and assessed for yield, fermentation characteristics, physical quality, proximate composition, gross energy (GE), fiber contents, and mineral content. Silage yield, pH (4.87- 4.96), and Fleig scores (69.62-82.82) were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by plant part or molasses supplementation, indicating good to very good silage quality. The addition of Molasses significantly (P<0.05) increased the total soluble solids and improved silage odor. Dry matter content (24.09-28.84%), crude protein (5.62-7.23%), and ether extract (2.37-2.75%) were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by treatments. Gross energy values across all treatments were not statistically differ (P>0.05) from each other, but, molasses-treated silages obtained high GE. Neutral detergent fiber (53.17–55.19%), acid detergent fiber (31.65-34.88%), and hemicellulose (20.31- 21.52%) did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. A significant plant part and molasses interaction (P<0.05) was observed for phosphorus, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium remained unaffected. These results indicated that arrowroot plant silage has favorable fermentation quality and a consistent fibrous energy profile, supporting its potential use in native pig feeding systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural and Physical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: alternative feed
  topic: keywords
subject: arrowroot
  topic: keywords
subject: fiber contents
  topic: keywords
subject: native pigs
  topic: keywords
subject: silage quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Roger Y. Ibañez, Jr.
creator: Julius V. Abela
creator: Ginas Aurea A. Villagonzalo
creator: Ulysses A. Cagasan
creator: Manuel D. Gacutan, Jr.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Roger Y. Ibañez, Jr., Julius V. Abela, Ginas Aurea A. Villagonzalo, Ulysses A. Cagasan, Manuel D. Gacutan, Jr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1078
ending page: 1088
doi: 10.11594/

Human Resource Management Practices as Determinants of Job Satisfaction Among College Instructors at St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu, Inc.
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Business, Management Keywords: Compensation and Benefits, Human Resource Management Practices, Job Satisfaction, Performance Management, Training and Development This descriptive-correlational study explored the relationship between HRM practices and job satisfaction among thirty-six (36) college instructors at St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu, Inc. during the academic year 2025–2026. Only instructors with at least two years of teaching experience participated in evaluating the school’s HRM practices. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho, and multiple regression. The results showed that three HRM areas—Training and Development (r = 0.716), Compensation and Benefits (r = 0.793), and Performance Management (r = 0.714)—significantly predict job satisfaction. Among these, Compensation and Benefits and Performance Management emerged as the strongest predictors, highlighting the importance of fair compensation, competitive benefits, and transparent evaluation systems in improving morale and employee retention. Instructors expressed appreciation for fair performance evaluations and constructive feedback. However, they also noted the need for clearer promotion guidelines and more collaborative goal-setting processes. Overall, the findings confirm that effective HRM practices have a meaningful impact on faculty job satisfaction. Based on these results, the study recommends several actions. Training and Development programs should be strengthened through regular workshops, mentoring initiatives, and external training opportunities. Compensation and Benefits should be reviewed through salary benchmarking, the introduction of non-monetary incentives, and clearer communication of policies. Lastly, Performance Management systems should be refined by updating evaluation procedures, clarifying promotion standards, and encouraging shared goal-setting between administrators and faculty members. Implementing these improvements is …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Business
  topic: category
subject: Management
  topic: category
subject: Compensation and Benefits
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resource Management Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Training and Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Mark Delmie Basalo
creator: Angel I. Canonigo
creator: Chierelyn Chavez
creator: Kissy Mae C. Emperado
creator: Jeannelie Luz N. Macapil
creator: Michaela C. Maglasang
creator: Mary Joy Mortejo
creator: Mark Anthony N. Polinar
creator: Regin M. Suarez
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mark Delmie Basalo, Angel I. Canonigo, Chierelyn Chavez, Kissy Mae C. Emperado, Jeannelie Luz N. Macapil, Michaela C. Maglasang, Mary Joy Mortejo, Mark Anthony N. Polinar, Regin M. Suarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1089
ending page: 1096
doi: 10.11594/

The Impact of Training and Development on College Instructors’ Professional Development at St. Cecilia's College-Cebu, Inc.
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Business, Management Keywords: Professional Development, St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu, Inc., Trainer Expertise, Training and Development, Training Frequency, Training Method, Training Resources This descriptive-correlational study investigated the effect of training and development programs on the professional development of college instructors at St. Cecilia College-Cebu, Inc., through identifying the direct impacts of the training and development variables on their professional development. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from 33 college instructors. To analyse the data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, specifically Spearman's Rho correlation and Multiple Regression. The results confirmed significant positive correlations between training method (Spearman’s ρ=.613, p <.001), training frequency (Spearman's ρ =.547, p =.002), trainer expertise (Spearman's ρ =.567, p <.001), training resources (Spearman’s ρ =.620, p <.001), and professional development. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the four predictors jointly accounted for 56.7% of the variance in professional development (R² = 0.567). Expertise of trainers (β = .402) and training resources (β = .351) were the strongest predictors. The other predictors, including training method (β = 0.298) and training frequency (β= 0.276), were also significant (β= 0.276). These findings highlight the importance of proper training strategies, continuous training, professional facilitation, and adequate resources in promoting professional development. Finally, the institution should improve its training and development processes by adopting more interactive and practical methods, such as blended learning and scenario-based training. The institution should also invest in trainers' continuous development through regular appraisals and professional development opportunities. The training session plan needs to be more consistent and comprehensive to sup…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Business
  topic: category
subject: Management
  topic: category
subject: Professional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu, Inc.
  topic: keywords
subject: Trainer Expertise
  topic: keywords
subject: Training and Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Training Frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: Training Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Training Resources
  topic: keywords
creator: Niña Alexis S. Trinidad
creator: Rhea Mae L. Cabornay
creator: Jane Teñedo
creator: Cristine Kay L. Bolo
creator: Mark Anthony N. Polinar
creator: Nerissa M. Auxilio
creator: Ma. Elaijahbeth Z. Entia
creator: Mary Joy I. Sadio
creator: Mary Glennda Fajardo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Niña Alexis S. Trinidad, Rhea Mae L. Cabornay, Jane Teñedo, Cristine Kay L. Bolo, Mark Anthony N. Polinar, Nerissa M. Auxilio, Ma. Elaijahbeth Z. Entia, Mary Joy I. Sadio, Mary Glennda Fajardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1097
ending page: 1106
doi: 10.11594/

Establishing Stronger Connections: Enhancing School-Family Collaboration for Students with Hearing Impairments
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: Special Education, Inclusive Education, Teacher-parent partnership, Teacher preparedness, Parental involvement, Descriptive-Correlational Design This study sought to investigate approaches that improve school-family partnerships in supporting hearing-impaired learners in selected Special Education (SPED) centers in Cebu. This study utilized a comparative descriptive design and sought to find out the similarities and differences between teachers and parents on aspects of communication approaches and shared decision-making in the learning process of hearing-impaired learners. The respondents of this study were SPED center teachers and parents of hearing-impaired learners chosen through purposive sampling. The total number of respondents was 50. The researcher used a validated survey questionnaire to gather data. This data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests to find differences between and within the groups of people surveyed. The findings of this study revealed that hearing-impaired learners benefit from improved communication approaches and parental involvement in addressing issues affecting academic performance and boosting students’ self-esteem and social behavior. This study therefore concludes that school-family partnerships are vital in the development of hearing-impaired learners and suggests that parent training and community support are vital in addressing issues affecting hearing-impaired learners in Cebu.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education and Social Work
  topic: category
subject: Special Education, Inclusive Education, Teacher-parent partnership, Teacher preparedness, Parental involvement, Descriptive-Correlational Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Jeremy S. Sates
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jeremy S. Sates https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1107
ending page: 1113
doi: 10.11594/

Understanding Consumers’ Purchase Behavior and Brand Trust in Bangladesh’s Live-Streaming E-Commerce
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Live-streaming e-commerce,, Consumer behavior, Brand Trust, Real-time engagement, E-Commerce in Bangladesh, Purchase behavior Live-streaming e-commerce is growing very quickly in the Bangladesh market. It combines entertainment, real-time audience interaction, and instant purchasing. Interested consumers can watch product details, ask questions and buy products during live sessions. This shopping format is becoming popular because it offers a personal feel and is highly interactive. Trust and communication play a strong role in this type of Live-streaming. However, academic research on live-streaming commerce in Bangladesh is still limited. This study examines how live-streaming e-commerce affects purchase behaviour and builds brand trust. It focuses on real-time features for engagement, such as live chat, audience comments, Q&A sessions, and time-bound offers. The study also examines how customers and live streamers interact regarding perceived authenticity and para-social ties. During live shopping events, these elements are anticipated to influence trust and purchase decisions. A quantitative research design was used. Data were collected from 400 consumers in Bangladesh who had prior experience with live-streaming shopping. The survey measured real-time engagement, brand trust, and purchase behavior. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses and structural equation modelling. The results show that real-time interaction strongly influences consumer purchase behavior. Active engagement makes an emotional involvement and urgency. Brand trust also positively affects purchase behaviour. This study contributes to the understanding of live-streaming e-commerce in an emerging market. It offers practical insights for digital marketers, e-commerce entrepreneurs and platform designers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Live-streaming e-commerce,
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Real-time engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Commerce in Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Md Ibrahim Miah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Md Ibrahim Miah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1114
ending page: 1129
doi: 10.11594/

Visual Aesthetic Experience and Emotion Regulation among Millennials in City of Imus
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Arts, Emotion regulation, Millennial, isual Aesthetic Experience, Visual Arts This study examined the relationship between visual aesthetic experience and emotion regulation among 139 millennial residents (aged 29-44) in City of Imus, Cavite. Using a descriptive-correlational design, participants completed the Aesthetic Experience Questionnaire (AEQ) measuring emotional, cultural, perceptual, understanding, flow-proximal conditions, and flow-experience domains, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) assessing cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Results revealed that most respondents exhibited low levels of overall visual aesthetic experience (53.2%) and low emotion regulation in both cognitive reappraisal (52.5%) and expressive suppression (54.7%). Spearman Rho correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships between overall aesthetic experience and both cognitive reappraisal (r = 0.461, p < 0.001) and expressive suppression (r = 0.283, p < 0.001), indicating that deeper engagement with visual art corresponds to enhanced emotion regulation capabilities. The cultural domain showed the strongest correlation with cognitive reappraisal (r = 0.487, p < 0.001), while flow-proximal conditions correlated most strongly with expressive suppression (r = 0.326, p < 0.001). Based on these findings, the researchers developed "Artful Awareness," a program designed to transform passive art viewing into intentional emotional practice through structured activities including Emotion Landscape Mapping, Inner Voice Portrait, and Emotion Regulation Grid, Art Engagement, and Mark Your Emotions exercises. This module aims to enhance both aesthetic sensitivity and adaptive emotion regulation strategies among millennials in community settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotion regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Millennial
  topic: keywords
subject: isual Aesthetic Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Arts
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Rogemar F. Dela Cruz
creator: Lyka Ueric C. Delos Santos
creator: John Paulo O. Matibag
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Rogemar F. Dela Cruz, Lyka Ueric C. Delos Santos, John Paulo O. Matibag https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1130
ending page: 1144
doi: 10.11594/

Perceived Stress and Employment Readiness Among Filipino Young Adults in Selected Higher Education Institutions in the Province of Cavite
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Career Guidance, Employment Readiness, Filipino Young Adults, Perceived Stress, Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) Youths of working age often experience stress that may influence their preparedness to enter the workforce. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and employment readiness among Filipino young adults enrolled in selected higher education institutions in the Province of Cavite. Understanding this relationship is important in identifying areas where students may require support as they transition from academic life to employment. The study employed a quantitative, descriptive correlational research design involving 555 participants determined through G*Power analysis. The respondents were Filipino young adults aged 18 to 24 who were full-time fourth- and fifth-year bachelor’s degree students enrolled during the first semester of Academic Year 2025–2026 in six selected higher education institutions located in Bacoor, Dasmariñas, and Imus, Cavite, and were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered using standardized instruments, namely the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) developed by Sheldon Cohen to measure perceived stress and the Work Readiness Scale (WRS) developed by Caballero et al. (2011) to assess employment readiness. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tests of normality, and correlational analysis to determine the association between the variables. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents exhibited moderate levels of perceived stress and moderate levels of employment readiness. Students demonstrated strengths in organizational skills and social competencies, while lower levels were observed in personal characteristics and practical work competencies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Career Guidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Employment Readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Filipino Young Adults
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippine Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Dean Levi’s Geronimo Aquino
creator: Keren Keisah Meredores Liquigan
creator: Ancel Manlapas Rios
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Dean Levi’s Geronimo Aquino, Keren Keisah Meredores Liquigan, Ancel Manlapas Rios https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1145
ending page: 1156
doi: 10.11594/

Teachers’ Practices In Developing The 21st Century Skills Of Learners In The New Normal Education: Basis For Skills Enhancement Plan
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Education and Social Work Keywords: 21st century, new normal education, skills enhancement plan, students' learning skills, teachers' practices This study assessed the strategies used by teachers in public elementary schools to develop learners’ 21st-century skills in the context of the new normal education and served as the basis for developing a skills enhancement plan for teachers. Using a descriptive research design, the study involved 134 public elementary school teachers from the Hermosa District, Schools Division of Bataan, selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered using a self-administered survey questionnaire and examined utilizing descriptive and inferential statistical methods, such as the independent samples t-test, weighted mean, frequency counts, percentages, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that while communication skills were only occasionally worked on, teachers regularly used approaches that assist students’ information, media, and technology skills, learning and innovation skills, life and career skills, and soft skills. When teachers were grouped by age, years of service, and highest level of education, significant differences in their approaches emerged. However, no significant differences were observed when teachers were grouped by sex. Based on the findings, a skills enhancement plan was formulated to address areas least practiced and further strengthen teachers’ instructional practices. The study concluded that public elementary school teachers play a vital role in cultivating learners’ 21st-century skills despite the challenges posed by the new normal in education. Continuous professional development and the implementation of a responsive skills enhancement plan are recommended to further improve teachers’ practices and ensure the holistic development of learners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education and Social Work
  topic: category
subject: 21st century
  topic: keywords
subject: new normal education
  topic: keywords
subject: skills enhancement plan
  topic: keywords
subject: students' learning skills
  topic: keywords
subject: teachers' practices
  topic: keywords
creator: John Paul C. Solon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Paul C. Solon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1157
ending page: 1164
doi: 10.11594/

Alternative Assessment Strategies and Challenges in Mathematics Instruction at MSU-Sulu during the COVID-19 Pandemic
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Assessment Strategies, COVID-19 Pandemic, Mathematics Instruction A shift in learning modalities has been brought about by the pandemic. This is true in regard to all subject areas. Even higher educational institution is faced with unprecedented challenges due to this. However, as many papers focused on alternative learning modalities, few centered on the alternative assessment strategies, which would give a necessary perspective on how the students are being assessed and how they view these assessment strategies. Hence, the researcher opted to conduct this study entitled Alternative Assessment Strategies and Challenges in Mathematics Instruction in the time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study mainly centers on Mathematics due to the nature of the subject that usually makes use of drills in measuring the capability of students to solve problems relating to different fields of the subject, as well as considering that it is perceived to be one of the difficult subjects even in higher education. The study identified the alternative assessment strategies used in Mathematics instruction during the pandemic as well as the challenges associated with them. It was also assessed whether there were factors affecting the use of the strategies. The study also looked for the association between the perceived efficiency of the alternative assessment strategies and the challenges faced by the students. With the use of a cross-sectional survey design, two survey questionnaires, and various statistical tools to analyze the data, such as arithmetic mean, weighted mean, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and correlation analysis, the problems of the study were answered.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Assessment Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 Pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics Instruction
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharifa M. Jalaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sharifa M. Jalaidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1165
ending page: 1175
doi: 10.11594/

Challenges and Opportunities of Araling Panlipunan Secondary Teachers in Teaching World History Lessons
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Araling Panlipunan Teachers, Challenges and Opportunities in teaching World History, Teaching World History This study investigated the challenges and opportunities faced by Araling Panlipunan (AP) teachers in teaching World History in Zone 4, Division of Zambales. This study used a descriptive quantitative design among 98 educators from three schools of Subic, Castillejos, and San Marcelino districts. The results of this study showed that teachers frequently struggle with limited instructional resources, reliance on traditional strategies, and restricted learning activities. In spite of these challenges, opportunities occurred through hands-on approaches, thematic instruction, and technology integration. Statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences in the challenges and opportunities across demographic profiles, except for gender-based variations in learning activities. Findings showed moderate positive correlation between challenges and opportunities. This concludes that teachers adapt creatively in response to challenges. This study recommends targeted teachers professional development, an adequate resource allocation, and curriculum flexibility which aims to improve World History instruction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Araling Panlipunan Teachers
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges and Opportunities in teaching World History
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching World History
  topic: keywords
creator: Richard R. Delos Reyes
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richard R. Delos Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1176
ending page: 1199
doi: 10.11594/

Parental Involvement and Learners’ Achievement: Basis for Action Plan
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Kindergarten, Parental Involvement, Pupils’ Achievement Parental involvement has been noted to have played a vital role in the education of the children in the family. On this regard, the study aimed to determine the parental involvement of the respondents and its relationship to the academic achievement of the respondents’ learners or pupils. Following established research protocols, 88 parents of kindergarten pupils voluntarily participated as respondents in the study. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, supplemented by a survey questionnaire and a casual interview, to address the study's inquiries. Appropriate statistical tools were used in the analysis of data. The results showed that most respondents were female. The majority of them were young adults from poor and medium-sized families who failed to complete the mandatory basic education offered free by the government. Parental involvement in terms of bonding and bridging was perceived to a high extent, while linking was perceived at a moderate extent. Perceptions of parental involvement focused on the support coming from within the family, as well as that from outside, which can provide an avenue or opportunity for pupils to gain more experiences and grow through social affiliation. Pupils’ achievement was at a very satisfactory performance level. The relationship between parental involvement and pupils’ achievement was found to be negligible, negative, and non-significant. Parental involvement, even if at high extent, does not translate directly to the academic performance of the pupils. Other factors were not accounted for that may have influenced the pupil’s achievement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Kindergarten
  topic: keywords
subject: Parental Involvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Pupils’ Achievement
  topic: keywords
creator: Judith D. Bersabal
creator: Wenie L. Nahial
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Judith D. Bersabal, Wenie L. Nahial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1200
ending page: 1209
doi: 10.11594/

Game-Based Learning and Academic Performance Among Pupils
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Academic Performance, Game-based Approach, Utilization Existing learning gaps in schools have drawn considerable attention from teachers in public schools in the Philippines. Due to this, teachers employed various teaching approaches to address the pupils' dismal performance. It is therefore the intention of this work to investigate the utilization of a game-based approach in teaching English and its relationship to the academic performance of learners. Following the observance of research protocols, 45 Key Stage 2 teachers voluntarily participated as respondents in the study. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed in this inquiry. A survey questionnaire supplemented with a casual interview was used to gather the required data from the respondents. Appropriate statistical tools were used to produce reliable results. The analysis revealed that the majority of respondents were young adults in the mid-career stage of their teaching profession and had already earned units in a master’s degree program. Large school sizes and at least six (6) trainings attended have the highest counts in their respective groups. The respondents similarly perceived all the indicators to a high extent, producing an overall impression that they always utilized a game-based approach in teaching English among their pupils. At the time the respondents claimed to have always used a game-based approach, the pupils achieved a “Very Satisfactory” performance level. However, the extent of utilization of the game-based approach did not affect or contribute to the academic performance of the pupils. There may be a tendency for academic performance to decline as the utilization of the game-based approach decreases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Game-based Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenie L. Nahial
creator: Bernice Anne T. Deiparine
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wenie L. Nahial, Bernice Anne T. Deiparine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1210
ending page: 1219
doi: 10.11594/

Inadequate School Facilities: It’s Effect on the Learning Experience of the Selected Students in Jolo National High School
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Learning Experience, School Facilities, Secondary School Students In particular, the study examined both the state of and access to school facilities as well as how these physical learning environments affect students’ academic experiences and engagement. The study assumed that adequacy and quality of school infrastructure will significantly affect students’ motivation, safety among others resulting to better learning. Using a descriptive statistical research design, the current status of school facilities and their perceived impact on learning were determined. The study’s respondents were 120 Grade 10 students of Jolo National High School from whom data were taken. The first part of the research instrument included collecting demographic profile of the respondents, while part II focused on ascertaining students’ perspective towards school facilities and learning experiences. We discovered that the physical state of a school’s learning environment influences students’ learning experiences. There was strong agreement that neatness, cleanliness and structural well-being were critical to effective teaching, motivation to excel academically and inspection of the students in schools. That said, the study flagged issues with schools having insufficient and poorly maintained facilities that block classroom instruction, participation and engagement in education. Broader discourses surrounding learning environments and academic resources also find a place in these results, illustrating how physical infrastructure of the learning environment, as well as supportive educational tools play key roles in improving student learning experiences, an idea that is pervaded by the scoping review regarding the academic resources brought to light by Pangandaman et al. (2025).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Learning Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: School Facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary School Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Eloiza M. Mohammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eloiza M. Mohammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1220
ending page: 1227
doi: 10.11594/

Physical Education Activities as Perceived by Conservative Bangsamoro Women
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Bangsamoro Women, Dance Exercise, Learning Activities, Physical Education, Sports Attire This quantitative-descriptive study aimed to determine the learning activities of the conservative Bangsamoro women in Physical Education activities, specifically, in terms of dance exercise, team sports, and the barriers affecting the learning activities of conservative Bangsamoro women in terms of sports attire, skills development in physical activities. The study’s respondents were female 3rd year students of AB Islamic studies. The study used a survey questionnaire to determine the learning activities of the Bangsamoro conservative women. The results showed that conservative Bangsamoro women generally expressed positive learning activities in dance exercise and team sports. In addition, the conservative Bangsamoro women consider sports attire a barrier in learning physical education, and generally agree that attire significantly influences their participation and performance in physical activities. Moreover, the respondents’ activities moderate to high levels of discomfort and challenges when engaging in physical activities due to religious and cultural constraints, which become barriers to full participation and skills development in physical education. It is concluded that while conservative Bangsamoro Women find their learning activities in physical education, particularly in dance exercise and team sports, beneficial and meaningful sports attire/uniform, and some cultural and religious limitations on attire pose a challenge, hindering their full participation and development in physical education activities. This calls for an inclusive and culturally sensitive policy that promotes participation and skill development in physical education to enhance the learning activities of Bangsamoro conservative women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Bangsamoro Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Dance Exercise
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Activities
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Sports Attire
  topic: keywords
creator: Angelo L. Gedoria
creator: Bai Omayya P. Sumail
creator: Solayha A. Sam
creator: Sittie Rahema T. Daglok
creator: Candao G. Daglok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Angelo L. Gedoria, Bai Omayya P. Sumail, Solayha A. Sam, Sittie Rahema T. Daglok, Candao G. Daglok https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1228
ending page: 1238
doi: 10.11594/

Enhancing Quality of Agricultural Education Throught Research: Students’ Perspective
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Natural and Physical Sciences Keywords: Advisory resources, Agricultural education quality, Catholic college, Quantitative descriptive-correlational study, Research-related subjects, Resource availability This study examined the relationship between the quality of agricultural education offered by the Catholic College in Murcia, Philippines, and the availability of resources through research-based learning. It was conducted by assessing the level of student satisfaction with the teaching of research-related subjects and the availability of institutional resources. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, responses from 62 students were analyzed through mean scores and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. On the student level of satisfaction, the improvement of the quality of agricultural education offered by the college has the highest mean score (4.60), followed by the creation of the REXIN (Research, Extension, and Innovations) office (4.58). Furthermore, analysis shows a significant difference in the creation of REXIN Office (f=2.51, alpha=0.05) compared to the pre-existing condition of the institution. Significant moderate correlations were found between the creation of the REXIN office and the quality of agricultural education (r=0.3198, P-value=0.0113, alpha=0.05). Based on the results, the study recommends the improvement of the teaching of research-related subjects, conducting more training and updating of research mentors or advisors, and improving the preparation of research reports aligned with the standards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Natural and Physical Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Advisory resources
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural education quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Catholic college
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative descriptive-correlational study
  topic: keywords
subject: Research-related subjects
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource availability
  topic: keywords
creator: Paulino A. Oñal, Jr.
creator: Bro. Jian Meng Yuan
creator: Flordeliza U Ampusta
creator: Mark Anthony G Abello
creator: Rogelio M Magbanua Jr.
creator: Alex S Lecciones
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paulino A. Oñal, Jr., Bro. Jian Meng Yuan, Flordeliza U Ampusta, Mark Anthony G Abello, Rogelio M Magbanua Jr., Alex S Lecciones https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1239
ending page: 1248
doi: 10.11594/

Herbal Candy Innovation from Oregano, Lemon, and Lemongrass: A School-Based Nutrition and Entrepreneurship Initiative for Health and Well-Being
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Acceptability and commercial viability, Entrepreneurship programs, Herbal candy, School-based nutrition, Sensory evaluation The study aims to develop and evaluate the acceptability and commercial viability of herbal candy made from oregano leaves (Origanum vulgare), lemon (citrus limon), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and explore its integration into school-based nutrition and entrepreneurship initiatives in Nueva Vizcaya. These ingredients are recognized for their therapeutic properties, oregano for its antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity, lemon for its vitamin C content and immune support, and lemongrass for its anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. The study used descriptive quantitative research designed. The study was conducted in the municipality of Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya consisted of residents aged 17-60 years old respondents. The data were gathered using a survey questionnaire and sensory evaluation tools. The nutritional values of the herbal candy were focused on the sugar content, calories, and vitamin compositions developed from the main ingredients such as oregano, lemon, lemongrass, and combined with the white sugar. The findings of the study are highly acceptable in terms of appearance, odor, flavor, sweetness, texture, and packaging. Most of the respondent are willing to pay the product at the price between ₱30 and ₱40, and constant buying habits mostly once or twice a week. The willingness to purchase one to two at a time, the projected total sales amounting to ₱17,320.00. The cost of ₱26.56 per pack, the selling price of ₱40.00, and a break-even point at only 31 packs. These results validate that the product is marketable and financially sustainable and thus appropriate for integration into school-based nutrition and entrepreneurship programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Acceptability and commercial viability
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurship programs
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal candy
  topic: keywords
subject: School-based nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensory evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumaling A. Daniel
creator: Caroline B. Balaweg
creator: Michelle L. Caasi
creator: Anna Florina W. Pineda
creator: Renalee V. Valenzuela
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sumaling A. Daniel, Caroline B. Balaweg, Michelle L. Caasi, Anna Florina W. Pineda, Renalee V. Valenzuela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1249
ending page: 1263
doi: 10.11594/

Policing Firearm Regulation and Crime Control: Criminological Insights from the Philippine National Police in Amadeo, Cavite
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Amadeo (Cavite), Crime control, Firearm regulation, Law enforcement, Republic Act No. 10591 The study findings indicate that while information campaigns are active, physical enforcement is hindered by logistical gaps and inconsistent community reporting. Possession of illegal firearm and trafficking persist despite RA10591 regulations, causing increased gun-related crimes and fatalities, with 7,702 deaths in the Philippines in 2014. Inadequate monitoring and enforcement of RA10591's provisions create loopholes that allow individuals to circumvent the law, posing a threat to public safety. The study was performed out at Cavite's Amadeo. The Amadeo Police Station's officers were the responders. Purposive sampling was used in their selection. It used qualitative research, and interviews were used to get relevant data. The findings revealed that majority of the survey participants were police officers with the rank of Police Master Sergeant though other ranks were represented. Majority were college graduates who served for many years reflecting expertise and dedication maintaining weapon safety and control. The PNP takes initiatives increasing public understanding of the Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition control Act. However, face a number of difficulties, such as a lack of funding and public opposition to some programs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Amadeo (Cavite)
  topic: keywords
subject: Crime control
  topic: keywords
subject: Firearm regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Law enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Republic Act No. 10591
  topic: keywords
creator: Rile F. Vill ariez Jr.
creator: Elizabeth Buena-Villa
creator: Julius Guiller G. Luis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rile F. Vill ariez Jr., Elizabeth Buena-Villa, Julius Guiller G. Luis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1264
ending page: 1283
doi: 10.11594/

Preserving Evidence Integrity: Assessing Chain of Custody Issues in Tagaytay City Criminal Cases
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Chain of custody issues, criminal cases in Tagaytay city, evidence integrity, investigators’ perspectives This study explores the challenges faced by investigators in Tagaytay City, Cavite, in maintaining evidence integrity through the chain of custody. Conducted in 2025, it employed a qualitative descriptive design using structured interviews with purposively selected investigators at the Tagaytay City Satellite PNP SOCO Forensic Office. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis to uncover recurring issues in evidence handling. Findings revealed multiple challenges, including inconsistencies in investigator training, inadequate resources, and deficiencies in documentation practices. Many investigators demonstrated limited understanding of chain of custody protocols, resulting in procedural errors that compromise evidence reliability in court. Environmental factors such as extreme weather conditions and insufficient storage facilities further complicated the preservation of sensitive materials. Weak inter-agency collaboration, stemming from unclear communication and undefined roles, also hindered effective joint investigations. The study recommends tailored training programs on digital evidence handling and environmental preservation techniques to strengthen investigator competency, adoption of digital documentation systems to minimize human error, and establishment of clear inter-agency protocols. Upgrading evidence storage facilities and securing supplemental funding through public–private partnerships are also proposed to resolve resource constraints. It underscores the need for systematic improvements in evidence handling practices to safeguard justice. By addressing identified challenges and adopting the recommended strategies, law enforcement agencies in Tagaytay City can enhance operational efficiency and ensure that evidence is preserved and presented with the highest integrity. The study contributes…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Chain of custody issues, criminal cases in Tagaytay city, evidence integrity, investigators’ perspectives
  topic: keywords
creator: Lumyaen D. Lidawan
creator: Elizabeth Buena-Villa
creator: Julius Guiller G. Luis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lumyaen D. Lidawan, Elizabeth Buena-Villa, Julius Guiller G. Luis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1284
ending page: 1308
doi: 10.11594/

Forensic Capacity Building at the Provincial Level: Implications for Police Investigative Practices in Cavite, Philippines
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Cavite, Crime scene investigation, Criminal justice system, Evidence management, Forensic analysis, Forensic capacity building, Philippines, Police investigation This study examined the contribution of the Provincial Forensic Team (PFT) to the effectiveness and efficiency of investigative operations in local police stations in Cavite. The research aimed to evaluate how forensic support enhances criminal investigation processes and to identify areas for improvement that may strengthen forensic services and inter-agency collaboration. Specifically, the study assessed the impact of PFT assistance in crime scene investigation, forensic analysis, training and capacity building, research and development, and coordination with other law enforcement agencies. The study employed a descriptive research design using simple random sampling. Respondents consisted of police officers assigned to the Tagaytay Component City Police Station (CCPS) and personnel from the Scene of the Crime Operatives (SOCO) unit located in Barangay Mendez Crossing East, Tagaytay City. Data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire and analyzed through statistical tools such as frequency distribution and weighted mean. Findings revealed that respondents generally rated the Provincial Forensic Team’s contribution as highly positive, particularly in improving crime scene investigation procedures, strengthening forensic analysis, supporting training initiatives, and enhancing collaboration among investigative agencies. However, several operational challenges were identified, including insufficient financial resources, outdated forensic equipment, heavy case workloads, and coordination inefficiencies, which may limit the effectiveness of forensic services. Based on these findings, the study recommends increased funding for forensic operations, modernization of forensic equipment and technology, continuous professional training for forensi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Cavite
  topic: keywords
subject: Crime scene investigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminal justice system
  topic: keywords
subject: Evidence management
  topic: keywords
subject: Forensic analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forensic capacity building
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippines
  topic: keywords
subject: Police investigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Leocadio S. C. Santiago Jr.
creator: Elizabeth Buena-Villa
creator: Julius Guiller G. Luis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Leocadio S. C. Santiago Jr., Elizabeth Buena-Villa, Julius Guiller G. Luis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1309
ending page: 1333
doi: 10.11594/

Utilization of Multi-Sensory Approaches in Teaching Reading and Performance Among Pupils
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Academic Performance, Multi-sensory Approach, Reading Reading problem has been noted every year, particularly among pupils in Key Stage 1. These pupils are expected to know how to read upon passing the first stage in basic education. On this conjecture, the study aimed to determine the utilization of multisensory approaches in teaching reading among the 35 teachers of Grades 1 to 3. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a survey questionnaire as the primary data collection tool with a casual interview to verify responses. By checking the assumptions of a parametric test, the identification of an appropriate statistical test was observed to produce reliable results. The majority of the respondents were in the middle adulthood stage, predominantly females, who had gained sufficient experience by serving for at least 11 years, attending 3 to 5 related trainings, and having earned at least units in a master’s degree program. The perception of the respondents in the multisensory approach was at a high extent, indicating the utilization of the intervention at all times, while the academic performance of the pupils plateaued at a satisfactory level. The calculation further showed that there was an extremely weak or negligible association between the extent of multisensory approach utilization and pupils’ academic performance. Moreover, the extent of utilization of a multisensory approach did not differ among the respondents when grouped by age, sex, number of years in teaching, highest educational attainment, and school size.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-sensory Approach
  topic: keywords
subject: Reading
  topic: keywords
creator: Mia O. Reduca
creator: Wenie L. Nahial
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mia O. Reduca, Wenie L. Nahial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1334
ending page: 1344
doi: 10.11594/

Lived Experiences of Spa Teachers in Selected Schools of the Division of Misamis Occidental
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Lived experiences, Phenomenology, Special Program in the Arts, Teacher perspectives This phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of six teachers in the Special Program in the Arts (SPA) in Misamis Occidental. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Findings revealed four major themes: 1) the transformative impact of SPA in preserving culture, enhancing skills, and instilling discipline; 2) challenges caused by limited training, inadequate facilities, and resource shortage; 3) recommendations for holistic learning, extended class hours, teacher training, and more opportunities for competitions; and 4) metaphors that illustrate the teachers’ resilience and passion despite constraints. The study underscores the dynamic role of SPA teachers as both mentors and cultural stewards. It recommends enhanced professional development, improved facilities, and stronger administrative support to sustain the SPA’s contribution to arts education and cultural preservation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Lived experiences
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenomenology
  topic: keywords
subject: Special Program in the Arts
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher perspectives
  topic: keywords
creator: Sheriel Riah D. Inao
creator: Honeylene Marie Lagas
creator: Emma O. Suana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sheriel Riah D. Inao, Honeylene Marie Lagas, Emma O. Suana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1345
ending page: 1357
doi: 10.11594/

Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of Early Literacy Intervention Among Kindergarten Teachers
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Challenges, Early Literacy, Kindergarten, Opportunities Addressing reading problems at an early stage is recommended to reduce the adverse effects on the pupils. This study aimed to identify the challenges encountered and opportunities experienced during the implementation of early literacy interventions in kindergarten. In this regard, 41 kindergarten teachers responded positively in providing the needed data. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, supplemented with a survey questionnaire as the primary data collection tool, and casual interviews for follow-up. Research protocols of Dep-Ed-Bukidnon were observed at all times. Appropriate statistical tools were used to produce reliable results. Analysis showed that the majority of respondents were young adults with units in master’s degree programs in education, and they came from small schools. The highest counts of respondents served for 6 to 10 years and attended 6 or more training sessions related to early literacy intervention, initiated and sponsored by the Division Office. The respondents had consistently encountered challenges and experienced opportunities during the implementation of early literacy interventions. A moderate, positive, and significant relationship was found between the challenges encountered and the opportunities experienced during the implementation of early literacy intervention. There was no significant difference in the extent of challenges encountered among the respondents when grouped by age, years in teaching, highest educational attainment, and number of trainings attended. However, there was a significant difference in the challenges encountered when grouped by school size. Respondents from small and medium-sized schools encountered more challenges than those from large schools.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Kindergarten
  topic: keywords
subject: Opportunities
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenecyl F. Manuel
creator: Wenie L. Nahial
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wenecyl F. Manuel, Wenie L. Nahial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 1358
ending page: 1372
doi: 10.11594/

Multiple Screen Addiction and Impulsive Buying Behavior Among Selected Young Adults in Lemery, Batangas
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Digital Consumption, Impulsive Buying Behavior, Multiple Screen Addiction, Psychoeducation program, Screen Dependency This paper examined the correlation between multiple screen addiction and impulsive buying habit among young adults in Lemery, Batangas. With a descriptive-correlational design, 400 respondents aged 19-40 years were surveyed by use of Multiple Screen Addiction Scale (MSAS) and Buying Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Findings indicated that a significant number of respondents had high scores of various screen addiction, especially in the areas of excessive screen time as well as compulsive digital behavior. Conversely, the majority of the respondents showed low to very low scores in impulsive buying behavior with none of them falling in the high and very high categories. Statistical results revealed that multiple screen addiction was moderately, positively and significantly correlated with impulsive buying behavior ( r = 0.387, p <.001), indicating that the higher level of screen addiction was, the more impulsive purchase decisions one had. These results implied that even though screen addiction was very common, not everyone would translate to high impulsive buying but it makes one more prone to it. To this end, the study offers community-based solutions like barangay digital detox programs, smart spending, and mentorship programs to ensure digital wellness and financial self-regulation. This research provided localized information on the multifaceted relationship between the utilization of technology and consumer behavior, and the importance of specific interventions to promote the establishment of healthier digital and financial practices in young adults.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Digital Consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: Impulsive Buying Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiple Screen Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychoeducation program
  topic: keywords
subject: Screen Dependency
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Trisha Mae J. Atienza
creator: Ma. Christine Joyce L. Castillo
creator: Cyrill P. Mendoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Trisha Mae J. Atienza, Ma. Christine Joyce L. Castillo, Cyrill P. Mendoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1373
ending page: 1392
doi: 10.11594/

The Lived Experiences of Filipino Incarcerated Mothers
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Correctional Institutions, Incarcerated Mothers, Maternal Guilt, Maternal Incarceration, Psychological Well-Being, Resilience This qualitative research paper will examine the experiences of incarcerated mothers in the Philippines, including their emotional hardships, how they manage such stressors, and their ways to live resilient lives. The study, based on semi-structured, in-depth questionnaires and a tool, thematic analysis, shows that maternal guilt, societal stigma, and institutional injustices enhance the impact of incarceration trauma, whereas faith, peer networks, and routines contribute to hope and self-development. The most significant results point to the two-fold concern of internalized shame and external constraints as the factors including limited family visitations, absence of post-release work, and shelter insecurity, which sustain marginalization cycles. The narratives of the participants highlight the potential of the transformative nature of the trauma-informed interventions and the prosocial conduct which redefines the guilt as agency and solidarity. Nonetheless, punitive policies and cultural stigma continue to pose a big hurdle in the reintegration process. The research proposes whole system changes, such as wider vocational training and family-based policies, in which maternal health takes precedence. This study can be applied to restorative justice systems capable of healing the soul and repairing the system by putting the voices of incarcerated others into the forefront, which in turn provides practical information to policy makers, correctional facilities, and community activists.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Correctional Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Incarcerated Mothers
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Guilt
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Incarceration
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Well-Being
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Angelica P. Alverde
creator: Airah Montano
creator: Krisha B. Najito
creator: Maria Dianne A. Nisorrada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Angelica P. Alverde, Airah Montano, Krisha B. Najito, Maria Dianne A. Nisorrada https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1393
ending page: 1407
doi: 10.11594/

The Lived Experiences of Employed Middle-Aged Adults Having Autism Spectrum in Batangas Province
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Coping Strategies, Middle-Aged Adults, Neurodiversity, Social Support, Workplace Inclusion This study explored the lived experiences of the working middle-aged autistic persons, who live in the province of Batangas, Philippines. A qualitative research design was implemented, targeting five respondents aged 35-60 years old, formally diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and have 6 months working experience and basic literacy. Purposive and snowball sampling was used. From the data gathered from semi-structured, in-depth interviews, five main themes were developed. These include: (1) Navigating the work place, (2) Social connections and support, (3) Navigating Emotional Terrain in the Workplace, (4) Resilience Drivers in the Workplace, and (5) Growth and self- development. The themes reflected the challenges of participants in their ability to adapt to organizational routines, build interpersonal relationships, and self-regulate emotions as well as the interactions of personal strengths and external support systems that promoted resilience and development. Repeatedly, participants emphasized the importance of support from family members, co-worker and supervisory personnel when dealing with day-to-day problems. Notwithstanding recurring adversities, the participants demonstrated a great sense of pride, belonging and a constant drive to self-development. This study underlined a need for more inclusive and flexible workplaces that were aware of the needs of people with ASD. Creating supportive environments can help neurodiverse employees thrive and reach their full potential.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Autism Spectrum Disorder
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Middle-Aged Adults
  topic: keywords
subject: Neurodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Workplace Inclusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Jervin Dinglasan Quicho
creator: Lykamarie Q. De Ocampo
creator: Kathleen M. De Villa
creator: Audrey E. Evangelista
creator: Dondon R. Ramos
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jervin Dinglasan Quicho, Lykamarie Q. De Ocampo, Kathleen M. De Villa, Audrey E. Evangelista, Dondon R. Ramos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1408
ending page: 1444
doi: 10.11594/

Green Accounting Practices in Philippine Higher Education: A Mixed-Method Case Study of Institutional Readiness at a Local Government College
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Management, Education and Social Work Keywords: Convergent Mixed-Method, Environmental Accountability, Green Accounting, Higher Education Institutions, Institutional Readiness, Philippines, Sustainability Practices Green Accounting promotes environmental accountability; however, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the application of Green Accounting in higher education institutions in developing economies, particularly in the Philippines. This study aimed to find out the level of preparedness of the institution for Green Accounting by examining their operational practices, stakeholder awareness, and the factors that affect the institution. The researchers used a convergent mixed-method for this study that combined quantitative and qualitative data. A checklist was distributed and answered by 102 respondents to gather quantitative data and 55 students and staff were interviewed to gather qualitative data using purposive sampling to have a diverse group of respondents to collect their perspectives on sustainability regarding their own awareness, perceptions, and experiences. The results show that Green Accounting implementation is still in its early stage or just getting started on its implementation. Numerous environmental practices remain in the “In-Progress” category. Waste reduction and management rank highest, followed by energy efficiency and water conservation. The implementation results range from 2.12 and 2.14. Most of the actions do not require large funding and depend on people’s behavior. However, activities that require significant financial investment, such as renewable energy, are still in the “Not Yet Started” stage due to financial and facility constraints. Despite positive developments like low or no-cost sustainability practices, the institution lacks data tracking and does not have the procedures needed for effective Green Accounting. Interviews indicate that the perceived technical difficulty of formal Green Acco…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management
  topic: category
subject: Education and Social Work
  topic: category
subject: Convergent Mixed-Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional Readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Philippines
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability Practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Margareth D. Asis
creator: Francis Mae C. Edpalina
creator: Alheigne Kyle C. Naguiat
creator: Christian Albert E. Padilla
creator: Kyle C. Panganiban
creator: Ediric D. Gadia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Margareth D. Asis, Francis Mae C. Edpalina, Alheigne Kyle C. Naguiat, Christian Albert E. Padilla, Kyle C. Panganiban, Ediric D. Gadia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1445
ending page: 1459
doi: 10.11594/

Malakas na Barangay, Malakas na Bayan: Empowering Local Leaders Through Multi-Sectoral Collaboration
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Barangay, Empowerment, Local Government Code, Multi- sectoral, Sustainable growth and development The barangay, which literally means village or community, is the smallest political unit in the Philippine political structure as defined in the Local Government Code. It is led by barangay officials, who are often elected based on popularity or familial ties rather than formal credentials. These officials serve as frontliners in providing basic services and performing executive, legislative, and quasi-judicial functions. This study was conducted to strengthen the capacity of the barangay to fulfill its mandate to alleviate poverty and promote sustainable and inclusive human growth through collaboration with selected government agencies, private institutions, the academe, and community members. Using the focus group discussion, information was gathered and used to design appropriate interventions. The study yielded both positive and negative outcomes that future advocates may utilize to effect change and empower barangays in promoting sustainable human growth and development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Barangay
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Government Code
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi- sectoral
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable growth and development
  topic: keywords
creator: Teodulo R. Cruz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teodulo R. Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1460
ending page: 1468
doi: 10.11594/

Characterization and Risk Analysis of Seaweed Farming Ventures in Sorsogon, Philippines
type: item
description: Section: Articles Categories: Social Sciences Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, Risk Analysis, Seaweed Farming, Sorsogon, Sustainable Livelihoods Seaweed farming, a crucial part of the blue economy in Sorsogon, Philippines, operates in a dynamic and frequently unpredictable environment. This environment is vulnerable to various factors that can affect its economic viability and long-term sustainability. These challenges include fluctuating market prices, environmental risks like climate change and disease outbreaks (such as the “ice-ice” disease), and operational inefficiencies. For small-scale farmers, these risks can be particularly devastating, threatening their livelihoods and hindering the sector’s growth. This study analyzed seaweed farming operations and risks using Risk Management Theory. Data from a survey of 115 farmers in Sorsogon City and Castilla, along with interviews with stakeholders, and experts, revealed a sector dominated by small-scale and medium-scale ventures, primarily cultivating Kappaphycus alvarezii through fixed-bottom long lines. While all farmers accessed government propagules, only 20% received direct financial support, highlighting a liquidity gap. Environmental hazards, particularly typhoons and “ice-ice” disease, drove yield volatility. To mitigate these risks, the study recommends Risk Avoidance through the mandatory conversion of unviable farming systems, and Risk Reduction via the distribution of climate-resilient genotypes. These findings provide a strategic roadmap for policy interventions aimed at transforming Sorsogon’s seaweed industry from a subsistence activity into a resilient commercial enterprise.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Kappaphycus alvarezii
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Seaweed Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Sorsogon
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
creator: Michelle M. Bongalonta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michelle M. Bongalonta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 1469
ending page: 1477
doi: 10.11594/