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Abstract
The number of individuals identifying as non-binary or genderqueer has significantly increased over time. This group experiences their gender identity as neither entirely male nor exclusively female; instead, they perceive it as a combination or a complete absence of binary gender identification that may evolve or remain consistent over time. Nevertheless, there is a limited amount of research focusing on the experiences of non-binary students, leading to common misunderstandings within their community. Consequently, this study sought to delve into the physical, mental, interpersonal, emotional, and spiritual experiences of non-binary students. To analyze the collected data, a qualitative approach, specifically a narrative research design, was employed. Three students from the Philippine Science High School - Ilocos Region Campus were chosen through snowball sampling to share their personal experiences as non-binary students. Based on the gathered information, it can be concluded that non-binary students in the PSHS-IRC community undergo a range of experiences that significantly affect their physical, mental, interpersonal, emotional, and spiritual well-being. It was observed that they struggle to form a positive self-image due to their dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. Additionally, their body dysmorphia, stemming from a dislike for their bodies perceived as too masculine or feminine, negatively impacts their mental health. Moreover, homophobia continues to disrupt their interpersonal relationships, as they often endure physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual abuse. Nonetheless, they still have support networks that provide ongoing assistance. Lastly, the results also indicate that their faith in Christianity has waned due to relentless verbal attacks from conservative individuals.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Caluya, E. J., Realin, N. L., Sabalburo, L. E., Salazar, K. A., Villostas, C., & Galdonez, D. P. G. (2023). Sadness at the Rainbow: Unraveling the Unheard Sentiments of Non-Binary Students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(11), 3848-3859. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.11.07
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Thorne, N., Witcomb, G. L., Nieder, T., Nixon, E., Yip, A., & Arcelus, J (2018): A compari-son of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment-seeking transgender individu-als who identify as binary and non-binary.
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Arcelus, J., Bouman, P. W., Haycraft, E., & Jones, B. A. (2019). Mental Health and Quality of Life in Non-Binary Transgender Adults: A Case Control Study. International Journal of Transgen-derism, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2019.1630346
Baker, D., Goodship, N., Rimes, K. A., Ussher, G., & West, E. (2017). Non-Binary and Bi-nary Transgender Youth: Comparison of Mental Health, Self-Harm, Suicidality, Substance Use and Victimization Experi-ences. International Journal of Transgen-derism, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2017.1370627
Bass, M., Colip, L., Conklin, J., Gonzalez, L. J., & Sharon, N. (2018). Rethinking gender: The nonbinary approach. American Jour-nal of Health-System Pharmacy, 75(22). 1821–1823. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp180236
Beagan, B., & Hattie, B. (2015, April). Religion, Spirituality, and LGBTQ Identity Integra-tion. ResearchGate. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276119041_Religion_Spirituality_and_LGBTQ_Identity_Integration
Benotsch, E. G., Perrin, P. B., & Tabaac, A. (2017). Discrimination, Mental Health, and Body Image Among Transgender and Gender-Non-Binary Individuals: Con-structing a Multiple Mediational Path Model. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 30(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2017.1408514
Brody, J. E. (2017). Social Interaction Is Critical for Mental and Physical Health. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/well/live/having-friends-is-good-for-you.html
Budge, S. L., Rossman, H. K., & Sinnard, M. T. (2021). Nonbinary individuals’ emotional experiences: implications for advancing counseling psychology beyond the binary. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1–24. doi:10.1080/09515070.2021.1940102
Carlile, A., Paechter, C., & Toft, A. (2021). Non-binary young people and schools: peda-gogical insights from a small-scale inter-view study. Pedagogy, Culture & Society, 29(5), 695-713. Taylor & Francis Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681366.2021.1912160
Chang, K. W., Dev, S., Monajatipoor, M., Ovalle, A., Phillipis, J. M., & Subramonian, A. (2021). Harms of Gender Exclusivity and Challenges in Non-Binary Representation in Language Technologies. arXiv Forum. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.12084
Chacko, M. A. (2019). Freedoms in the khaki: gendering a ‘gender-neutral’ uniform. Gender and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2019.1632419
Cleland, J. A. (2017). The qualitative orienta-tion in medical education research. Kore-an Journal of Medical Education, 29(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2017.53
Dresden, D. (2021). What is Homophobia? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/homophobia
Duggal, P. & Sood, Y. (2020). Gendered Cloth-ing: The Beginning of the End. https://www.manipalthetalk.org/miscellaneous/gendered-clothing-the-beginning-of-the-end/
Galupo M. P., Pulice-Farrow, L., & Pehl, E. (2020) ‘‘There is nothing to do about it’’: nonbinary individuals’ experience of gender dysphoria. Transgender Health X:X, 1–10. doi:10.1089/trgh.2020.0041.
Gates, J. J., Millon, G., Taylor, J., & Zalewska, A. (2018). An exploration of the lived expe-riences of non-binary individuals who have presented at a gender identity clinic in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Transgenderism, 20(2-3), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1445056
Hayter, M., Laiti, M., Parisod, H., Pakarinen, A., Sariola, S., & Salantera, S. (2020). LGBTQ+ Students’ Experiences of Junior High School Nursing in Finland: A Quali-tative Study. The Journal of School Nurs-ing, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840520910796
Human Rights Watch. (2017). Just Let Us Be: Discrimination Against LGBT Students in the Philippines. https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/06/21/just-let-us-be/discrimination-against-lgbt-students-philippines#_ftn37
Losty, M., & O’Connor, J. (2017). Falling out-side of the “nice little binary box”: a psy-choanalytic exploration of the non-binary gender identity. Psychoanalytic Psycho-therapy, 32(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2017.1384933
Manalastas, E. J. (2013). Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk in the Philippines: Evi-dence from a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Filipino Men. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 46(1), 6-7. https://pages.upd.edu.ph/sites/default/files/ejmanalastas/files/manalastas_2013_fil_gay_suicide_risk.pdf
Manalastas, E. J. (2016). Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt Among Young Lesbian and Bisexual Filipina Women: Evidence for Disparities in the Philippines. Asian Women, 32(3), 109. http://www.e-asianwomen.org/xml/07910/07910.pdf
Matsuno, E., & Budge, S. (2017). Non-binary/Genderqueer Identities: a Critical Review of the Literature. Curr Sex Health Rep. doi:10.1007/s11930-017-0111-8
McMurray, S. (2021). School Uniforms: Cost, Gender and Behavioral Considerations. North Ireland Assembly Research and In-formation Service Briefing Paper, 158(21).
Pascual, G. (2016). Sward speaks (Gay lingo) in the Philippine context: A morphological analysis. International Journal of Ad-vanced Research in Management and So-cial Sciences, 5(12), 32–36. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijarmss&volume=5&issue=12&article=004
Pew Research Center. (2019, December 31). Chapter 6: Religion. Pew Research Cen-ter's Social & Demographic Trends Project. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2013/06/13/chapter-6-religion/
Pew Research Center. (2022). The Experienc-es, Challenges, and Hopes of Transgender and Nonbinary U.S. Adults. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2022/06/07/the-experiences-challenges-and-hopes-of-transgender-and-nonbinary-u-s-adults/
Psychological Association of the Philippines. (2011). Statement of the Psychological Association of the Philippines on non-discrimination based on sexual orienta-tion, gender identity, and expression. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 44 (2), 229-230. http://www.tinyurl.com/yd67gbmc
Smith, N. J., & Wright, T. E. (2015). A Safer Place? LGBT Educators, School Climate, and Implications for Administrators. The Educational Forum, 79(4), 394–407. doi:10.1080/00131725.2015.1068901
Thorne, N., Witcomb, G. L., Nieder, T., Nixon, E., Yip, A., & Arcelus, J (2018): A compari-son of mental health symptomatology and levels of social support in young treatment-seeking transgender individu-als who identify as binary and non-binary.
International Journal of Transgenderism. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1452660
Understanding Non-Binary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive. (2018). Na-tional Center for transgender equality. https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive
University of Warwick. (2021). What is Phe-nomenology? Education Studies. https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/ces/research/current/socialtheory/maps/phenomenology/
Van Bergen, D. D. (2020). Parental Responses to Coming Out by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, Pansexual, or Two-Spirited People across Three Age Cohorts. Journal of Marriage and Family. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12731
Wilkins, C. L., Wellman, J. D., Toosi, N. R., Mil-ler, C. A., Lisnek, J. A., & Martin, L. A. (2022). Is LGBT progress seen as an at-tack on Christians?: Examining Chris-tian/sexual orientation zero-sum beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy, 122(1), 73–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000363