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Abstract
Many individuals are pursuing graduate degrees while working and raising children. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences, challenges, coping, and aspirations of working-student- mothers who fulfill employment, academic, and family obligations. The mother's educational and work efforts provide the necessary information, needed skills, and a desirable attitude for a family's general well-being. The study intends explicitly to 1. explore the experiences and challenges faced by working student mothers. 2. Investigate their coping strategies and aspirations for managing different roles. 3. understand their current living situation. The participants consisted of twelve (12) mothers who had a minimum of two dependents, were enrolled in a master's degree program, and were employed in an organization. Participants were administered a brief demographic questionnaire and engaged in a semi-structured interview. This study utilized interpretative phenomenology analysis. The latest findings emphasize that participants shared their experience of navigating the complexities of managing coursework, jobs, and caregiving responsibilities, which led to feeling overwhelmed. The stress factor was primarily attributed to low income and inadequate childcare expenses. However, they employed effective coping strategies using work-life balance, such as social support and time management. Pursuing a master's degree encompassed the opportunity to enhance their abilities and expand their knowledge and earning potential. The study revealed that they exhibited strong motivation and perseverance, with solid career aspirations driving their academic and professional pursuits, benefiting themselves and their families.
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How to Cite
Sudweste, J. M. V., & Jumamil, A. N. L. (2024). Ina- Manggagawa- Mag-aaral: The Lived Experiences, Challenges, Coping and Aspirations of Working- Student- Mothers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(4), 1277-1297. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.04.15
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Avasthi, A. (2010). Preserve and strengthen family to promote mental health. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(2), 113–126. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.64582
Baker, L. R., & McNulty, J. K. (2015). Adding Insult to Injury: Partner Depression Mod-erates the Association Between Partner-Regulation Attempts and Partners’ Moti-vation to Resolve Interpersonal Prob-lems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(5), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215580777
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Bosch, B. (2013). Women who Study: Balanc-ing the Dual Roles of Postgraduate Stu-dent and Mother (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Edith Cowan University.
Cabaguing, A. M. (2017). Motherhood and Stu-denthood: The Lived Experiences of Col-lege Student Mothers in Samar State Uni-versity. International Review of Social Sciences, 5(3). ISSN 2309- 0081. https://www.researchgate.net/publica-tion/336074262_Motherhood_and_'Studenthood'_The_Lived_Experiences_of_College_Student_Mothers_in_Samar_State_University
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Cherry, K. Social Support for Psychological Health. Verywell Mind. [https://www.verywellmind.com/social-support-for-psychological-health-4119970] 2020, April 14
Collins, C. (2019). Making Motherhood Work: How Women Manage Careers and Care-giving. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=aqlrDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=working+mother+worry+about+their+children&ots=5cAr4iVBoj&sig=a8nxFOG8mgccFGde7sxieayUkuY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=working%20mother%20worry%20about%20their%20children&f=false
Cruz, ST, De Guzman J, De Silva L, De Borja JM (2021) Facilitating Learning at Home: The Experiences of Parents With Multiple Children. Journal of Progressive Educa-tion. Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 706-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v11.i3.202121
Department of Labor and Employment (DLE). (n.d.). Presidential Decree No. 442, As AmendedA Decree Instituting A Labor Code Thereby Revising And Consolidating Labor And Social Laws To Afford Protec-tion To Labor, Promote Employment And Human Resources Development And In-sure Industrial Peace Based On Social Jus-tice. Bureau of Labor Relations. Prelimi-nary Title | Bureau of Labor Relations (dole.gov.ph
DuBransky, T. D. (2014). Employed graduate student mothers: The benefits, challeng-es, and perspectives of women fulfilling student, family and worker roles (Doc-toral dissertation). University of Califor-nia Santa Barbara.
Employment Situation in January 2020. Philip-pine Statistical Authority. [https://psa.gov.ph/content/employment-situation-january-2020-0] 2020, August 7
Esia-Donkoh, K. (2014). Child-rearing practic-es among student-mothers. Society & Bi-ology & Human Affairs, 78(1&2), 20–38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281117729
Field, B. How creativity positively impacts your health. Verywell Mind. [https://www.verywellmind.com/how-creativity-positively-impacts-your-health-5113162] 2021, March 23
Figgou, L., & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social psychology: Research methods. Elsevier EBooks. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2
Gemellia PA, Wongkaren TS (2021) The Ef-fects of Parental Working Hours on the Cognitive of Children in Indonesia. Jour-nal of Indonesian Economics and Devel-opment Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 14-30 https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v21i1.1329
Glean, D. K. (2021, January 24). Punishing an unfaithful husband: Jurisprudential de-velopment of marital infidelity. UST Law Review. PUNISHING AN UNFAITHFUL HUSBAND: Jurisprudential Development of Marital Infidelity - UST Law Review
Green, M. (2015). The effect of college-family conflict on academic variables for college student-parents (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses data-base. (UMI No. 3586713). PubMed DOI:10.1037/a0024731
Hamid SRA, Salleh S (2013) Exploring Single Parenting Process in Malaysia: Issues and Coping Strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Volume 84. Pages 1154-1159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.718
Holecko, C. (2020, June 4). The bonding bene-fits of active family time. Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellfamily.com/the-bonding-benefits-of-family-fitness-1257087
Jeanfreau, M. (2009). A qualitative study inves-tigating the decision-making process of women’s participation in marital infideli-ty. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5166126.pdf
Johnson, M., & Nussbaum, E. M. (2012). Achievement goals and coping strategies: Identifying the traditional/nontraditional students who use them. Journal of College Student Development, 53(1), 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0002
Johnston, K., James, T., Braund, A., & Mullaney, L. (2018). Mothers-in-enabling: Overcom-ing challenges to become better role models and an inspiration to their fami-lies. FABENZ Conference 2018.
Joseph, S. (2016, November 5). How to see challenges as opportunities. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-doesnt-kill-us/201611/how-see-challenges-opportunities
Jr., R. E. (2015, May 12). Dissecting the guts of motivation. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-main-ingredient/201505/dissecting-the-guts-motivation
Kibelloh M., Bao Y (2014) Can Online MBA Programmes Allow Professional working mothers to Balance Work, Family, and Career Progression? A Case Study in Chi-na. The Asia-Pacific Education Research-er. Volume 23, Issue 2, pp. 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-013-0101-1
Lange, B., & Ohlbrecht, H. (2022). Parenthood in a crisis 2.0 motherhood in the tension between homeschooling and home office: A comparison after 1 year of the pandem-ic. International Dialogues on Education, 8(1/2), 36–50. https://idejournal.org/index.php/ide/article/view/252
Liang, E., Peters, L., Lomidze, A., & Akaba, S. (2020). “I like being involved in school stuff”: Mothers’ perspectives around their participation in family engagement in universal prekindergarten. School Com-munity Journal, 30(1), 59–87. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1257662.pdf
Martinez, E., Ordu C., Della Sala, M., & McFar-lane A. (2013). Striving to obtain a school-work-life balance: The full-time doctoral student. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 8. http://ijds.org/Volume8/IJDSv8p039-059Martinez0375.pdf
McCutcheon, J. M., & Morrison, M. A. (2017). It’s “like walking on broken glass”: Pan-Canadian reflections on work-family con-flict from psychology women faculty and graduate students. Feminism & Psycholo-gy, 28(2), 231-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353517739641
Mclntosh, B. 6 Top reasons to avoid being stagnant at work. [https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/6-top-reasons-to-avoid-being-stagnant-at-work-/] (2013, March 21).
Nargis, A. (2012). Educated working mothers to hoist children academic perfor-mance. Volume 1, Issue 2, International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Edu-cation (IJTIE). https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/ijtie/published-papers/volume-1-2012/Educated-Working-Mothers-to-Hoist-Children-Academic-Performance.pdf
Nieuwenhuis, J. (2010). Qualitative research designs and data gathering techniques. In Maree, K. (Ed), First steps in re-search (pp.70–97). Pretoria: Van Schaik. https://docplayer.net/20889139-Qualitative-research-session-3-data-gathering-prof-jan-nieuwenhuis.html
Rasmussen College Team Blog. (2011). Student focus: Balancing a family, full-time em-ployment and school. 2019 Rassmussen College, Inc. https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/working-full-time-and-going-to-college/
Robbins, J. Ecopsychology: How immersion in nature benefits your health. Yale Envi-ronment 360: [https://e360.yale.edu/features/ecopsychology-how-immersion-in-nature-benefits-your-health] 2020, January 9
Schlossberg, M., & Firman, T. 6 Reasons why men really cheat. RedBook: [https://www.redbookmag.com/love-sex/relationships/advice/a3966/why-men-cheat/] 2017, December 01
Scott, E. Relishing the joy of motherhood. Verywell Fami-ly.com: [https://www.verywellfamily.com/relishing-the-joy-of-motherhood-3145156] 2021, March 11
Sharma, K. 12 reasons why men have extra-marital affairs. Bonobolo-gy: [https://www.bonobology.com/reasons-why-men-have-extramarital-affairs/] 2021, April 20.
Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpreta-tive phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). Sage Publications, Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-06442-003
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2012). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/interpretative-phenomenological-analysis/book250130
Somkome T, Worrawattanakul W, Damrong-suk P, Attham W (2022) The lived expe-rience of mothers in parenting their young children aged 0-3 years and their needs for home health care support. Journal of Health Science Re-search Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 63-74. https://he01.tci-thai-jo.org/index.php/JHR/article/view/258088.
Stahl, A. Struggles for working parents are likely to remain post-pandem-ic. Forbes. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleystahl/2021/04/02/struggles-for-working-parents-are-likely-to-remain-post-pandemic/?sh=12e48bdb6856] 2021, April 2
Stibich, M. What is religion? Verywell Mind.com: [https://www.verywellmind.com/religion-improves-health-2224007#citation-9] 2020, September 24
Stimpson, R. L., & Filer, K. L. (2011). Female graduate students’ work-life balance and the student affairs professional. In P. A. Pasque & S. E. Nicholson (Eds.), Empowering women in higher ed-ucation and student affairs: Theory, re-search, narratives, and practice from fem-inist perspectives (pp. 69-84). Sterling, VA: Sty-lus. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=hied_etds
Swingle, A. L. (2013). College student parents: Stress, role conflict, and coping. Theses and Dissertations (All), 34. http://knowledge.library.iup.edu/etd/34
Taukeni, S. (2014). The main challenges stu-dent mothers experience to manage their dual roles. International Journal of Ad-vances in Psychology (IJAP), 3(3). doi: 10.14355/ijap.2014.0303.04
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