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Sep 12, 2021
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the extent of the Philippine National Police Operation initiatives in the promotion of peace and order in Iligan City as a basis for policy recommendation. This study made use of a non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the descriptive correlational technique, frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation, paired t-test, and Pearson-r correlations. The respondents exhibited a high level of response that the Philippine National Police always performed the police operational procedure initiatives in the promotion of peace and order. The finding showed that overall, there was a significant relationship between the frequency of implementation of police operations and the crime rate in terms of Index and non-index crime. Further studies are warranted.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Galabin, N. D., Pallega, R. B., & Recapente, M. A. (2021). Philippine National Police Initiatives in the Promotion of Peace and Order in Iligan City: Basis for Policy Recommendation. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(9), 773-785. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.09.08
References
Article in a Journal:
1. Baker T. E. (2017). Public Safety Administration. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiation, Volume 7, 2007-issue 2 Pages 85-106. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1300/J173v07n02_05.
2. Bradford B., Jackson J. & Stanko E. A. (2017). Contact and confidence: revisiting the impact of public encounters with the police. Policing and Society, An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 19, 2009- issue 1, Page 20-46. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802457594.
3. Carter J. G. & Phillips S. W. (2017). Intelligence-led policing and forces of organisational change in the USA. Policing and Society, An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 25, 2015-issue 4. Page 333-357. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.865738.
4. Coyne J. W. & Bell P. (2017). Strategic intelligence in law enforcement: a review. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, Volume 6, 2011-issue 1. Page 23-39. Retrieved April 07, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2011.553179.
5. Herchenrader & Jones S. M. (2017). GIS supporting intelligence-led policing. . Police Practice and Research, An International Journal, Volume 16 Issue 2: Intelligence Led Policing. Pages 136-147. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.972622
6. Ludwig A., Edgar T. & Maguire C. N. (2017). A Model for Managing Crime Scene Examiners. Forensic Science Policy and Management: An International Journal, Volume 5, 2014-issue 3-4. Page 76-90. Retrieved April 6, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2014.978416.
7. Ludwig A., Fraser J., & Williams R. (2017). Crime Scene Examiners and Volume Crime Investigations: An Empirical Study of Perception and Practice. Forensic Science Policy and Management: An International Journal, Volume 3, 2012-issue 2. Page 53-61. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2012.728680.
8. Weatherburn D. & Grabosky P. (2017). Strategic approaches to property crime control. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 9, 1999-issue 1, Page 77-96. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1999.9964803
Link / URL:
9. Aljibe, T. (2017). Iligan temporarily implements ‘lockdown’ as Marawi clashes continue. Retrieved December 28, 2018 from https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/29/17/iligan-temporarily-implements-lockdown-as-marawi-clashes-continue.
10. Avendano, C. (2017) AFP urge to probe intelligence failure in Marawi attacks. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/899260/afp-urged-to-probe-intelligence-failure-in-marawi-attacks
11. Ballaran, J. (2017). PNP : Crime incidents dropped 8.44% from January to October 2017. Retrieved from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/943856/pnp-crime-crime-index-crime-volume-dionardo-carlos
12. Caliwan, C. (2018). PDEA, PNP, NICA, ISAFP validated narco list. Northbound Philippines news. Retrieved from http://northboundasia.com/2018/05/02/pdea-pnp-nica-isafp-validated-narco-list/
13. Capistrano, Z. (2017, June 30). Martial law in Mindanao covers 17, 494 checkpoint operations, curfew hours in 129 cities. Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/politics/martial-law-in-mindanao-covers-17494-checkpoint-operations-curfews-in-129-cities/
14. Cappitelli, P. (2017, November 07). 10 Things that fuel negative police image among the public. Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/police-leader/articles/7786551-10-things-that-fuel-negative-police-image-among-the-public/
15. David M. (2017) Residents of the starting point of the Maute siege return home, retrieved from http://www.canadianinquirer.net/2017/10/30/residents-of-the-starting-point-of-maute-siege-return-home/
16. Elemia, C. (2017, May 24) Lawmakers see failure of intelligence in Marawi attack. Retrieved 07, 2019 from https://www.rappler.com/nation/170791-lawmakers-failure-intelligence-marawi-attack-martial-law.
17. Jerusalem, J.J. (2017). Police Official: Iligan still under threat. Retrieved December 28, 2018 from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/160439.
18. Lacey, J.H., Wiliszowski, C.H., Tippetts, A.S., & Blackman, K., (2017, May). Determining the effectiveness of flexible checkpoints (DOT HS 812 420). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
19. Memorandum Circular No. 94-017. Retrieved April 06, 2019 from didm.pnp.gov.ph/Letters%20of%20instructions/LOI%2002-09%20UNIT%20CRIME%20PERIODIC%20REPORT%20UCPER.pdf
20. OSAC (2018) Philippine 2018 Crime and Safety Report. United States Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Retrieved from https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=23672
21. Placido, Dharel (2 June 2017). "Marawi City siege death toll reaches 175". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
22. PNP Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (2018). Retrieved April 06, 2019 from https://www.didm.pnp.gov.ph
23. PNP Operational Procedure, (2013). Retrieved April 06, 2019 from http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/transparency_seal/2016/manuals/PNPOperationsManual.pdf
24. PNP SOP No. ODIDM-2011-008. Retrieved April 06, 2018 from http://didm.pnp.gov.ph/Standard%20Operating%20Procedures/SOP%20ON%20CONDUCT%20OF%20CRIME%20SCENE%20INVESTIGATION.pdf
A book:
25. Begert M. & Linsay D. (2017). Intelligence Preparation for Operations. Small Wars and Insurgencies, Volume 13, 2002-issue 2: Non-state threats and Future Wars. Page 133-143. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09592310208559187.
26. Fell J.C., Lacey J. H. & Voas R. B., (2017). Sobriety Checkpoints: Evidence of Effectiveness is strong, but Use is Limited. Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 5-issue 3, pages 220-227. Retrieved April 6, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580490465247
27. Harcourt B. E & Ludwig J. (2017). Broken Window: New Evidence from New York City and Five City Social Expirement, 73 U. CHI. L. Rev. 271, 272
28. Herbert, Steve; Brown, Elizabeth (2017), "Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City", Antipode, 38 (4): 755–77, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2006.00475.x
29. Hess, K.M., Orthoman, C.H., & Cho, H. (2017). Police Operation :Theory and Practice, 6th Edition. 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, New York: Delmar Cenage Learning.
30. Lancion, Jr., C M.(2017). "The Provinces; Lanao del Sur". Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces (The 2000 Millennium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Tahanan Books. pp. 94–95. ISBN 971-630-037-9. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
1. Baker T. E. (2017). Public Safety Administration. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiation, Volume 7, 2007-issue 2 Pages 85-106. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1300/J173v07n02_05.
2. Bradford B., Jackson J. & Stanko E. A. (2017). Contact and confidence: revisiting the impact of public encounters with the police. Policing and Society, An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 19, 2009- issue 1, Page 20-46. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802457594.
3. Carter J. G. & Phillips S. W. (2017). Intelligence-led policing and forces of organisational change in the USA. Policing and Society, An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 25, 2015-issue 4. Page 333-357. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.865738.
4. Coyne J. W. & Bell P. (2017). Strategic intelligence in law enforcement: a review. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, Volume 6, 2011-issue 1. Page 23-39. Retrieved April 07, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2011.553179.
5. Herchenrader & Jones S. M. (2017). GIS supporting intelligence-led policing. . Police Practice and Research, An International Journal, Volume 16 Issue 2: Intelligence Led Policing. Pages 136-147. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.972622
6. Ludwig A., Edgar T. & Maguire C. N. (2017). A Model for Managing Crime Scene Examiners. Forensic Science Policy and Management: An International Journal, Volume 5, 2014-issue 3-4. Page 76-90. Retrieved April 6, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2014.978416.
7. Ludwig A., Fraser J., & Williams R. (2017). Crime Scene Examiners and Volume Crime Investigations: An Empirical Study of Perception and Practice. Forensic Science Policy and Management: An International Journal, Volume 3, 2012-issue 2. Page 53-61. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/19409044.2012.728680.
8. Weatherburn D. & Grabosky P. (2017). Strategic approaches to property crime control. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, Volume 9, 1999-issue 1, Page 77-96. Retrieved April 08, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1999.9964803
Link / URL:
9. Aljibe, T. (2017). Iligan temporarily implements ‘lockdown’ as Marawi clashes continue. Retrieved December 28, 2018 from https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/29/17/iligan-temporarily-implements-lockdown-as-marawi-clashes-continue.
10. Avendano, C. (2017) AFP urge to probe intelligence failure in Marawi attacks. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/899260/afp-urged-to-probe-intelligence-failure-in-marawi-attacks
11. Ballaran, J. (2017). PNP : Crime incidents dropped 8.44% from January to October 2017. Retrieved from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/943856/pnp-crime-crime-index-crime-volume-dionardo-carlos
12. Caliwan, C. (2018). PDEA, PNP, NICA, ISAFP validated narco list. Northbound Philippines news. Retrieved from http://northboundasia.com/2018/05/02/pdea-pnp-nica-isafp-validated-narco-list/
13. Capistrano, Z. (2017, June 30). Martial law in Mindanao covers 17, 494 checkpoint operations, curfew hours in 129 cities. Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/politics/martial-law-in-mindanao-covers-17494-checkpoint-operations-curfews-in-129-cities/
14. Cappitelli, P. (2017, November 07). 10 Things that fuel negative police image among the public. Retrieved from https://www.policeone.com/police-leader/articles/7786551-10-things-that-fuel-negative-police-image-among-the-public/
15. David M. (2017) Residents of the starting point of the Maute siege return home, retrieved from http://www.canadianinquirer.net/2017/10/30/residents-of-the-starting-point-of-maute-siege-return-home/
16. Elemia, C. (2017, May 24) Lawmakers see failure of intelligence in Marawi attack. Retrieved 07, 2019 from https://www.rappler.com/nation/170791-lawmakers-failure-intelligence-marawi-attack-martial-law.
17. Jerusalem, J.J. (2017). Police Official: Iligan still under threat. Retrieved December 28, 2018 from https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/160439.
18. Lacey, J.H., Wiliszowski, C.H., Tippetts, A.S., & Blackman, K., (2017, May). Determining the effectiveness of flexible checkpoints (DOT HS 812 420). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
19. Memorandum Circular No. 94-017. Retrieved April 06, 2019 from didm.pnp.gov.ph/Letters%20of%20instructions/LOI%2002-09%20UNIT%20CRIME%20PERIODIC%20REPORT%20UCPER.pdf
20. OSAC (2018) Philippine 2018 Crime and Safety Report. United States Department of State, Bureau of Diplomatic Security. Retrieved from https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=23672
21. Placido, Dharel (2 June 2017). "Marawi City siege death toll reaches 175". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
22. PNP Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (2018). Retrieved April 06, 2019 from https://www.didm.pnp.gov.ph
23. PNP Operational Procedure, (2013). Retrieved April 06, 2019 from http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/transparency_seal/2016/manuals/PNPOperationsManual.pdf
24. PNP SOP No. ODIDM-2011-008. Retrieved April 06, 2018 from http://didm.pnp.gov.ph/Standard%20Operating%20Procedures/SOP%20ON%20CONDUCT%20OF%20CRIME%20SCENE%20INVESTIGATION.pdf
A book:
25. Begert M. & Linsay D. (2017). Intelligence Preparation for Operations. Small Wars and Insurgencies, Volume 13, 2002-issue 2: Non-state threats and Future Wars. Page 133-143. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/09592310208559187.
26. Fell J.C., Lacey J. H. & Voas R. B., (2017). Sobriety Checkpoints: Evidence of Effectiveness is strong, but Use is Limited. Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 5-issue 3, pages 220-227. Retrieved April 6, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1080/15389580490465247
27. Harcourt B. E & Ludwig J. (2017). Broken Window: New Evidence from New York City and Five City Social Expirement, 73 U. CHI. L. Rev. 271, 272
28. Herbert, Steve; Brown, Elizabeth (2017), "Conceptions of Space and Crime in the Punitive Neoliberal City", Antipode, 38 (4): 755–77, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2006.00475.x
29. Hess, K.M., Orthoman, C.H., & Cho, H. (2017). Police Operation :Theory and Practice, 6th Edition. 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, New York: Delmar Cenage Learning.
30. Lancion, Jr., C M.(2017). "The Provinces; Lanao del Sur". Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces (The 2000 Millennium ed.). Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Tahanan Books. pp. 94–95. ISBN 971-630-037-9. Retrieved 25 December 2015.