Main Article Content

Abstract

This study explores how individuals strive to improve their livelihoods by leveraging accessible opportunities. It aimed to evaluate the outcomes of Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs on participants, along with the subsequent effects on their families and immediate community, emphasizing the programs' transformative influence. The research highlights the intersection of poverty alleviation, employment, education, and industry—core elements of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The investigation was conducted in a neighborhood in Cebu City, Philippines, conveniently located near a technical-vocational training center. A qualitative approach, specifically using case study methodology, was employed. Convenience sampling was used to gather information, leading to interviews with consenting participants. Additionally, observations from nearby residents who have witnessed the community’s changes over time served as supplementary data. The study sought to understand respondents' personal experiences with training programs, the effects on their families and immediate community, their unique circumstances, and the key insights and significant implications. The findings reveal that skills training improves employability, helps meet basic needs, and enhances the quality of life at individual, family, and community levels. The study concludes that skills training has a transformative impact on these three areas. However, to fully optimize its positive effects, skills training should be supplemented with additional initiatives.

Article Details

How to Cite
Narsico, P. G., Narsico, L. O., & Rio , R. B. (2024). Individual, Family, and Community Transformations through Opportuni-ties Facilitated by Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(8), 3390-3410. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.08.33

References

Abd Hamid, H., Piahat, M. T., Azwan Haris, N. A. L., & Hassan, M. F. (2023, June 20). Shades of Gray TVET in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and So-cial Sciences, 13(6). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i6/16747
Alam, M. J., Ogawa, K., & Ahsan, A. H. M. (2024, June). Japanese investment for skills de-velopment program in attaining sustaina-ble employability: The case of Bangla-desh. World Development Sustainability, 4, 100150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2024.100150
Allen, J., Farber, S., & Tiznado-Aitken, I. (2024, April). Pathways to suburban poverty in nine Canadian metropolitan areas. Cities, 147, 104848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104848
Amrutha, V., & Geetha, S. (2021, March). Link-ing organizational green training and voluntary workplace green behavior: Mediating role of green supporting cli-mate and employees’ green satisfaction. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 125876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125876
Andres, J. L., Narsico, L. O., & Narsico, P. G. (2024, February 22). Digitization of Mi-crofinancing Operational Procedures. In-ternational Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Re-search, 5(2), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.02.17
Asongu, S., Amari, M., Jarboui, A., & Mouakher, K. (2021). ICT dynamics for gender inclu-sive intermediary education: minimum poverty and inequality thresholds in de-veloping countries. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3794050
Asulin, Y., Heller, Y., & Munichor, N. (2023). Comparing the Effects of Non-Monetary Incentives and Monetary Incentives on Prosocial Behavior. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4375009
Bayas, A., & Grau, N. (2023, November). Ine-quality of opportunity in juvenile crime and education. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, 102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102901
Beeson, M., Wildman, J. M., & Wildman, J. (2024, March). Does tackling poverty re-lated barriers to education improve school outcomes? Evidence from the North East of England. Economics Let-ters, 236, 111614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111614
Çalışkan, Z., Özyurt, G., Evgin, D., Kaplan, B., & Caner, N. (2024, April). The effect of a training program on family stress and life satisfaction: A randomized controlled study of mothers of children with disabili-ties. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 49, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2024.02.008
Cameron, L. A., Meng, X., & Zhang, D. (2022). Does Being “Left Behind” in Childhood Lead to Criminality in Adulthood? Evi-dence from Data on Rural-Urban Mi-grants and Prison Inmates in China. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4114311
Cau-Bareille, D., Jolivet, A., Thébault, J., & Delgoulet, C. (2022, April). Training: A way of reducing the risks of weakening for older workers at work and in em-ployment? The case of a call centre. Safe-ty Science, 148, 105581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105581
Carillo, M. F. (2024, May). Human capital com-position and long-run economic growth. Economic Modelling, 106760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2024.106760
Chen, H., Yu, J., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Qin, L., & Qin, M. (2024, January). How human capital prevents intergenerational poverty transmission in rural China: Evidence based on the Chinese general social sur-vey. Journal of Rural Studies, 105, 103220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103220
Chen, J. J., Wang, Q. L., Li, H. P., Zhang, T., Zhang, S. S., & Zhou, M. K. (2021, June). Family resilience, perceived social sup-port, and individual resilience in cancer couples: Analysis using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. Euro-pean Journal of Oncology Nursing, 52, 101932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101932
Chhibber, P., Kaur Paposa, K., & Dhand, S. (2023, November 24). Qualitative inquiry suggesting needed pathways: economic, social, religious, political and industrial an activist research on poverty. Journal of Strategy and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsma-04-2023-0081
Chu, M., Fang, Z., Mao, L., Ma, H., Lee, C. Y., & Chiang, Y. C. (2024, April). Creating A child-friendly social environment for fewer conduct problems and more pro-social behaviors among children: A LAS-SO regression approach. Acta Psychologi-ca, 244, 104200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104200
Downey, S. K., Lyons, M. D., & Williams, J. L. (2022, July). The role of family relation-ships in youth mentoring: An ecological perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 138, 106508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106508
Düdener, E., & Hallaç, S. (2023, March). The effect of the training of presence in care (TPinCare) on the care-oriented patient-nurse interaction and the caring behav-iors of nurses working with oncology pa-tients: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Education in Practice, 68, 103566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103566
Esce, A., Bolton, J., & Kraai, T. (2024, July). Im-plementing a formal curriculum on surgi-cal ethics and palliative care for otolar-yngology residents. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 45(4), 104327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104327
Faharuddin, F., & Endrawati, D. (2022, April 19). Determinants of working poverty in Indonesia. Journal of Economics and De-velopment, 24(3), 230–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/jed-09-2021-0151
Fitzenberger, B., Osikominu, A., & Paul, M. (2023, July). The effects of training inci-dence and planned training duration on labor market transitions. Journal of Econometrics, 235(1), 256–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2022.03.004
García-Ponce, O., Laterzo, I., Bronsoler, V., La-vore, E., & Kibriya, S. (2023, May). Who is to blame? Youth crime and attribution of responsibility in urban Mexico. Journal of Criminal Justice, 86, 102064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2023.102064
Gómez-Méndez, I., & Amornbunchornvej, C. (2024, March). Income, education, and other poverty-related variables: A jour-ney through Bayesian hierarchical mod-els. Heliyon, 10(6), e27968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27968
Hancock, C. L. (2023, December). Ideologies of poverty and implications for decision-making with families during home visits. Linguistics and Education, 78, 101231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2023.101231
Hansson, K., Habibnia, H., Goetze, M., & Fiedler, S. (2024, March). The beauty of prosocial behavior: The bi-directional link between attractiveness and prosocial behavior. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 219, 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.01.013
Hofmarcher, T. (2021, August). The effect of education on poverty: A European per-spective. Economics of Education Re-view, 83, 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102124
Holland, T., Headley, H., Victory, E., Kirby, J., & Koontz, P. (2024, March). Group behav-ioral parent training in an incarcerated setting. Children and Youth Services Re-view, 158, 107381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107381
Hosokawa, R., Tomozawa, R., & Katsura, T. (2023, October 3). Associations between Family Routines, Family Relationships, and Children’s Behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(12), 3988–3998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02687-w
Huang, W., Ding, S., Song, X., Gao, S., & Liu, Y. (2023, September). A study on the long-term effects and mechanisms of internet information behavior on poverty allevia-tion among smallholder farmers: Evi-dence from China. Heliyon, 9(9), e19174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19174
Huynh, T., Oddo, V. M., Trejo, B., Moore, K., Quistberg, A., Kim, J., Diez-Canseco, F., & Vives, A. (2022). Association between in-formal employment and depressive symptoms in 11 cities in Latin America. SSM, Population Health, 18, 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101101
Janz, T., Augsburg, B., Gassmann, F., & Nimeh, Z. (2023, December). Leaving no one be-hind: Urban poverty traps in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 172, 106388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106388
Jawadi, F., Mallick, S. K., Idi Cheffou, A., & Au-gustine, A. (2021, February). Does higher unemployment lead to greater criminali-ty? Revisiting the debate over the busi-ness cycle. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 182, 448–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.03.025
Johnston, L., Mulenga, M., Davison, C., Liu, J., Corbett, K., & Janes, C. (2024). Challeng-ing the myth of women’s empowerment: Mining development and commercial sex in a Zambian town. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 6, 100186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2024.100186
Ju, C., Hou, S., Shao, D., Zhang, Z., & Yu, Z. (2021, November 17). Practices of pov-erty alleviation by open and distance ed-ucation: a case report from the Open Uni-versity of China. Asian Association of Open Universities Journal, 16(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-09-2021-0110
Karimi, Z., Darban, F., Karimi, S., & Safarzai, E. (2024, June). The effectiveness of com-munication skills training on professional performance and quality of work life of pre-hospital emergency medical staff: An experimental study in Iran. International Emergency Nursing, 74, 101426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101426
Karimli, L., Ssewamala, F. M., & Neilands, T. B. (2023, September). The impact of pov-erty-reduction intervention on child men-tal health mediated by family relations: Findings from a cluster-randomized trial in Uganda. Social Science & Medicine, 332, 116102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116102
Ke, Z. (2023). Influence of Family Relation-ships on Adolescent Students’ Interest in Learning. SHS Web of Conferences, 180, 04012. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202318004012
Kero, K., Podlesek, A., & Kavcic, V. (2023, De-cember). Meaning in challenging times: Sense of meaning supports wellbeing de-spite pandemic stresses. SSM - Mental Health, 4, 100226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100226
Kohl, P. L., Dunnigan, A., Markovitz, L., Feely, M., Lewis, E. M., Seay, K. D., Lanier, P., Fedoravicius, N., Auslander, W., Guo, S., & Jonson-Reid, M. (2023, December). Im-proving child behavior through parent training in child welfare services: A mixed-methods study of families receiv-ing in-home services. Children and Youth Services Review, 155, 107269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107269
Koiry, S., Kairi, B., & Pooja, P. (2024, March). Impact of income diversification on mul-tidimensional poverty: Household level evidence from tea estates in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 10(5), e26509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26509
Kostulski, M., Breuer, D., & Döpfner, M. (2021, July). Does parent management training reduce behavioural and emotional prob-lems in children with intellectual disabil-ity? A randomised controlled trial. Re-search in Developmental Disabilities, 114, 103958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103958
Lam, C. B., Li, X., & Chung, K. K. H. (2024). Im-proving Chinese children’s socioemotion-al competence, behavioral adjustment, and pre-academic skills: Impacts of the 3Es Program. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 68, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2024.03.002
Lan, J., Wong, I. A., & Guo, J. W. (2021, Septem-ber). Service training intervention and time-variant personal growth. Interna-tional Journal of Hospitality Management, 98, 103036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103036
Le, T. P., Green, M. F., Wynn, J. K., Iglesias, J. E., Franco, R. L., Kopelowicz, A., & Kern, R. S. (2023, December). Effort-based decision-making as a determinant of supported employment outcomes in psychotic dis-orders. Schizophrenia Research, 262, 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2023.11.003
Le Minh, T. (2022). Investigating students’ atti-tudes toward poverty and impoverished persons - A case study: Ho Chi Minh City Open University, data of Vietnam. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3998708
Levy, N., Saeed, S., Gbagornah, P. F., Zora, D. B., Winterton, D., Jackson, C. D., Sharkey, A., Levy, L., Neves, S., Walsh, D. P., & Matyal, R. (2024, April). Implementation of Routine In Situ Simulation in Residen-cy Curriculum Targeting Competency in Technical and Decision-Making Skills. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2024.04.040
Li, Y., Yang, H., & Luo, L. (2021, February). Poverty exposure and cognitive abilities of children in rural China: Causation and the roles of family investments. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105747
Li, Z., Xiong, Z., Yin, X., & Yuan, Y. (2023, No-vember). Experiences of poverty-related family risk and internalizing problems in childhood: The mediating role of hope. Journal of Applied Developmental Psy-chology, 89, 101601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101601
Lyn, A. a. Y. (2022). Vocational training and employment outcomes of domestic vio-lence survivors: Evidence from Chihua-hua City. International Journal of Educa-tional Development, 89, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102542
Manhica, H., Méndez, D. Y., Sjöqvist, H., Lundin, A., Agardh, E., & Danielsson, A. (2022). Trajectories of NEET (Not in Ed-ucation, Employment, and Training) in emerging adulthood, and later drug use disorder - a national cohort study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 233, 109350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109350
Marino, K., Crowley, K. E., Ware, L., Lupi, K., Alblooshi, A. S., Alradini, F. A., & Eyre, A. (2024, May). Development and imple-mentation of an in-hospital pharmacist emergency response simulation training curriculum. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 64(3), 102053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2024.102053
Matalon, C., & Turliuc, M. N. (2023). The effec-tiveness of a home-based parent man-agement training for preschoolers with oppositional behaviors in Israel: A ran-domized controlled trial. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 63, 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.01.010
Matjokana, H. R., & David, O. O. (2024, June). The effects of the fourth industrial revo-lution on employment in South Africa: Variance decomposition analysis. Tech-nology in Society, 77, 102522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102522
Meijering, L., Osborne, T., Lowe, T. A., Sattari N, Z., de Haas, B., Schreuder, L., Weitkamp, G., & Maeckelberghe, E. (2024, June). Challenges and opportuni-ties during the COVID-19 pandemic: A layered vulnerabilities perspective. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 5, 100419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100419
Meng, F., Zhou, G., Liu, Z., Bhuiyan, M. A., & Zhao, R. (2024, July). Measurement and decomposition of multidimensional pov-erty among migrant children: Evidence from China. Cities, 150, 105077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105077
Ming, J. L., Lee, S. C., Chen, S. F., Huang, H. F., Chen, Y. C., Li, H. J., & Wu, S. L. (2024, Ju-ly). Leadership training effectiveness for high-performing young nurses in a teach-ing hospital – A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today, 138, 106155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106155
Mishra, P., Das, P., Ghosh, S. K., Dandapat, A., & Dasgupta, S. (2024, May). Agriculture-livestock-forestry nexus and household income diversification: Experiences from selected villages of West Bengal, India. Agricultural Systems, 217, 103918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103918
Mohebi Amin, A., Rabiei, M., Yazdi Amirkhiz, S. Y., & Shomoossi, N. (2024, January). We are still to learn from our learners: A hid-den curriculum developed during the covid-19 pandemic. Teaching and Teach-er Education, 137, 104390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104390
Moore, B., Woodcock, S., & Kielblock, S. (2023, December). How students’ pro-social be-haviour relates to their resilience: Impli-cations for an inclusive environment. In-ternational Journal of Educational Re-search Open, 5, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100269
Mori, J. (2023, October). Occupationally-stratified training strategies in Vietnam-ese machine manufacturing industry: Im-plication for general skills training in TVET. International Journal of Educa-tional Development, 102, 102849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102849
Mpofu, E., Zhan, R. F., Yin, C., & Brock, K. (2024, April 10). Qualities of Older Adults’ Family and Friendship Relation-ships and Their Association with Life Sat-isfaction. Geriatrics, 9(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics9020049
Nabayinda, J., Kizito, S., Ssentumbwe, V., Namatovu, P., Sensoy Bahar, O., Damuli-ra, C., Nabunya, P., Kiyingi, J., Na-muwonge, F., Mwebembezi, A., McKay, M. M., & Ssewamala, F. M. (2023, May). The Relationship Between Family Cohesion and Depression Among School-Going Children With Elevated Symptoms of Be-havioral Challenges in Southern Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72(5), S11–S17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.12.016
Narsico, L. O., & Narsico, P. G. (2023, Decem-ber 20). Technical Curriculum Implemen-tation and Evaluation Framework. Inter-national Journal of Multidisciplinary: Ap-plied Business and Education Research, 4(12), 4168–4181. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.12.02
Narsico, P. G. (2024, March 23). A Perspective-Changing Teaching Experience in Araimiri. International Journal of Multi-disciplinary: Applied Business and Educa-tion Research, 5(3), 993–1007. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.03.22
Nduneseokwu, C. K., & Harder, M. K. (2023, June). Developing environmental trans-formational leadership with training: Leaders and subordinates environmental behaviour outcomes. Journal of Cleaner Production, 403, 136790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136790
Ng, Y. K., Shah, N. M., Chen, T. F., Loganadan, N. K., Kong, S. H., Cheng, Y. Y., Sharifudin, S. S. M., & Chong, W. W. (2023, Septem-ber). Impact of a training program on hospital pharmacists’ patient-centered communication attitudes and behaviors. Exploratory Research in Clinical and So-cial Pharmacy, 11, 100325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100325
Ni, F., Zheng, Y., Qian, S., Shen, G., Yan, W. J., Wu, Y. W., & Huang, Z. (2024, April 17). Mental toughness in adolescents: bridg-ing family relationships and depression across personality traits. BMC Psycholo-gy, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01702-z
Niere (Mecon), M. I. E., Narsico, L. O., & Narsi-co, P. G. (2024, February 23). Work Training, Workplace Relationships, Workload and Job Performance. Interna-tional Journal of Multidisciplinary: Ap-plied Business and Education Research, 5(2), 664–680. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.02.26
Olanya, D. R., Lassen, I., Tabo, G. O., Zakaria, H. L., Awacorach, J., & Jensen, I. (2023, No-vember). Exploring hidden curriculum in responsible management education: A narrative inquiry of students’ lived expe-rience in management and leadership training programmes. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100861
Oswald-Egg, M. E., & Renold, U. (2021). No ex-perience, no employment: The effect of vocational education and training work experience on labour market outcomes after higher education. Economics of Ed-ucation Review, 80, 102065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.102065
Paoletti, J., Chen, M. A., Wu-Chung, E. L., Brown, R. L., LeRoy, A. S., Murdock, K. W., Heijnen, C. J., & Fagundes, C. P. (2023, April). Employment and family income in psychological and immune outcomes dur-ing bereavement. Psychoneuroendocri-nology, 150, 106024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106024
Park, S. K., Chen, A. M., Daugherty, K. K., Frankart, L. M., & Koenig, R. A. (2023, April). A Scoping Review of the Hidden Curriculum in Pharmacy Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Ed-ucation, 87(3), ajpe8999. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8999
Patel-Campillo, A., & García, V. S. (2022, July). Breaking the poverty cycle? Conditional cash transfers and higher education at-tainment. International Journal of Educa-tional Development, 92, 102612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102612
Plenty, S., Magnusson, C., & Låftman, S. B. (2021). Internalising and externalising problems during adolescence and the subsequent likelihood of being Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) among males and females: The mediating role of school performance. SSM, Population Health, 15, 100873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100873
Qi, P., Deng, L., & Li, H. (2024, June). Does the county-based poverty reduction policy matter for children’s human capital de-velopment? China Economic Review, 85, 102147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102147
Quchani, M., Haji Arbabi, F., & Sabur Smaeili, N. (2021, November). A comparison of the effectiveness of Clark and ACT par-enting training on improving the emo-tional-behavioral problems of the child with divorced single mothers. Learning and Motivation, 76, 101759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101759
Rahmani, H., & Groot, W. (2023). Risk Factors of being a youth not in Education, Em-ployment or Training (NEET): A scoping review. International Journal of Educa-tional Research, 120, 102198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102198
Robinson, T. Y., & Smith‐Jackson, T. L. (2023). Breaking barriers through the digital workforce: Providing IT training and em-ployment pipelines for ex-offenders. Technological Forecasting & Social Change/Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122438
Seston, E., Willis, S., Fenton, C., Hindi, A., Moss, A., Stearns, S., Astbury, J., Jacobs, S., McDermott, I., & Schafheutle, E. (2023, August). Implementation of behaviour change training in practice amongst pharmacy professionals in primary care settings: Analysis using the COM-B model. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 19(8), 1184–1192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.04.123
Setiadi, R., & Frederika, R. (2022, November). Family financial planning for disaster preparedness: A case study of North Se-marang, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82, 103332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103332
Shi, J., Li, L., & Zhong, B. (2024, April). The im-pact of poverty stigma on computer and information literacy among China’s rural students. Computers in Human Behavior, 153, 108131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.108131
Takasaki, Y. (2024, June). Impacts of vocation-al training for persons with disabilities: Experimental evidence from Cambodia. Journal of Development Economics, 169, 103277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103277
Tec-Voc. (2021, February 1). Don Bosco Tech-nical Vocational Education and Training Center – Pasil. Tesda Courses. https://tesdatrainingcourses.com/don-bosco-technical-vocational-education-and-training-center-pasil.html
Thomas, F., Wyatt, K., Berzins, K., Lee, I., Hor-rell, J., McLoughlin, A., Hamer, O., & Hughes, S. (2024, June). Supporting pa-tients experiencing poverty-related men-tal distress: Development and evaluation of a training resource in general practices in eleven regions of England. SSM - Men-tal Health, 5, 100320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100320
Thompson, K., van der Kamp, D., Vader, S., Pijpker, R., den Broeder, L., & Wagemak-ers, A. (2023, December). Experiences of resilience during the COVID-19 pandem-ic: A qualitative study among high and low socio-economic status individuals in the Netherlands. SSM - Qualitative Re-search in Health, 4, 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100322
Tong, R., Wang, B., Yan, B., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Wang, Q., & Ding, J. (2023, July). ACT method for safety training: An approach to improve on-site safety performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 83, 105013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2023.105013
Ullah, A., Shakir, M., Ahmad, N., & Shakir, G. (2021, December). The nexus of family environment with youth street criminal behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Paki-stan. Heliyon, 7(12), e08577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08577
Ulman, S. R., & Dobay, K. M. (2023, August 11). Are the traditional socio-economic causes of poverty still pertinent nowadays? Evi-dence from Romania within the Europe-an Union context. Kybernetes. https://doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2023-0749
Van Dijk, D., Have, J. T., & Kotiso, M. (2022). Opening the door of opportunities: How higher vocational education contributes to capabilities and valuable employment of refugees. International Journal of Edu-cational Research Open, 3, 100130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2022.100130
Vandenberg, P., & Laranjo, J. (2021, Novem-ber). Vocational training and labor mar-ket outcomes in the Philippines. Interna-tional Journal of Educational Develop-ment, 87, 102501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102501
Wignall, R., Piquard, B., & Joel, E. (2023, Octo-ber). Up-skilling women or de-skilling pa-triarchy? How TVET can drive wider gender transformation and the decent work agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa. In-ternational Journal of Educational Devel-opment, 102, 102850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102850
Wonde, K. M., Tsehay, A. S., & Lemma, S. E. (2022). Training at farmers training cen-ters and its impact on crop productivity and households’ income in Ethiopia: A propensity score matching (PSM) analy-sis. Heliyon, 8(7), e09837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09837
Wongmonta, S. (2023, November). Revisiting the wage effects of vocational education and training (VET) over the life cycle: The case of Thailand. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, 102886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102886
Wu, K., & Wan, S. (2023). Job Stability and Household Financial Vulnerability: Evi-dence from Field Surveys in China. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4618175
Xu, Z., Li, Y., Wang, C., & Shan, J. (2024, Janu-ary). Social capital and environmentally friendly behaviors. Environmental Sci-ence & Policy, 151, 103612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2023.103612
Yang, B., Zhou, Z., Devakonda, V., & Qu, Y. (2024, April). The role of neural reward sensitivity in the longitudinal relations between parents’ familism values and Latinx American youth’s prosocial behav-iors. Developmental Cognitive Neurosci-ence, 66, 101343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101343
Yao, Z., & Li, Y. (2023, December). The influ-ence of social support on low-income ad-olescents’ prosocial behavior: The medi-ating role of social goals. Children and Youth Services Review, 155, 107201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107201
Yi, M., Li, J., & Shen, G. (2024, March). Can tar-geted poverty alleviation reduce criminal offenses? Empirical evidence from China judgments online data. China Economic Quarterly International, 4(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2024.03.003
Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Song, G. (2024, January). Educational inequality or educational segregation? The determinants of crimi-nal activities in 288 Chinese cities. Ap-plied Geography, 162, 103174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.103174
Zhang, Z., Fu, L., Jing, W., & Liao, Z. (2023, April). Childhood parental companion-ship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students: A correlation analy-sis. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 43, 87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2023.01.002
Zhou, D., Zha, F., Qiu, W., & Zhang, X. (2024, April). Does digital literacy reduce the risk of returning to poverty? Evidence from China. Telecommunications Policy, 102768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2024.102768
Zuo, H., Li, S., Ge, Z., & Chen, J. (2023, Decem-ber). The impact of education on relative poverty and its intergenerational trans-mission —— Causal identification based on the Compulsory Education Law. China Economic Review, 82, 102071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2023.102071