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Dec 24, 2024
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Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between school adminis-trators’ leadership competencies and teachers’ resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Zone 1 Division of Zambales for the school year 2020-2021. Using a descriptive research design, data were gathered from 136 randomly selected principals and teachers through a questionnaire. Results indicated that the school admin-istrators were rated "Excellent" in the leadership dimensions of managing change, solving problems, taking risks, setting vision, and demonstrating ethics and integrity. Similarly, teachers were assessed as "Excellent" in the resilience dimensions of self-awareness, realism, keeping calm under stress, empathy, and self-control. No significant difference was found in the perceptions of the school administrators and teachers regarding the administra-tors’ leadership competencies. However, a significant difference was observed in the perceptions of teachers' resilience. The study further revealed a positive high correlation between administra-tors’ leadership competencies and teachers’ resilience. Based on these findings, it was recommended that school heads continue to employ democratic principles, embrace new ideas, and adapt to change while maintaining ethical integrity. Moreover, strengthen-ing the partnership between school administrators and teachers is essential in achieving the school’s vision and objectives. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct parallel studies to validate these results and support the development of effective leadership practices.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Hostallero, M. B., & Cabal, E. M. (2024). School Administrators’ Leadership Competencies and Teachers’ Resilience During Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(12), 5142-5150. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.12.17
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Sinclair, C. (2008). Initial and changing student teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 79-104.
Siu, O. L. (2008). Leadership and managing change in schools: From theory to prac-tice. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(6), 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810917656
Snell, S. A., & Dean, J. W. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital perspec-tive. Academy of Management Journal, 35(2), 467-504.
Spencer. M., & Spenser, S. M. (1993). Compe-tence at work: Models for superior per-formance. New York: Wiley.
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Ulrich, D. et al., (2008). The 21st Century HR Organization, 47 (4), 829-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20247
Avery, G. C. (2004). Understanding leadership: Paradigms and cases. London: Sage. Ay-duk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M. (2000). Regulating the interpersonal self: strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity. Journal of personali-ty and social psychology, 79(5), 776–792.
Ayduk, O., Mendoza-Denton, R., Mischel, W., Downey, G., Peake, P. K., & Rodriguez, M. (2000). Regulating the interpersonal self: strategic self-regulation for coping with rejection sensitivity. Journal of personali-ty and social psychology, 79(5), 776–792.
Barber and Mourshed 2007. How the World's Best-Performing School Systems Come Out on Top: Continuously developing teachers' skills, and ensuring effective school leadership.
Beltman, S Mansfield, C., & Price, A. (2011). Thriving not just surviving –a review of research on teacher resilience. Educa-tional Research Review, 6 (3), 185-207.
Bergstrom, E. J. (2012). A comparison of the leadership competencies of leaders in manufacturing, hospitals, and community banking industries in the State of Penn-sylvania (Doctoral dissertation). Availa-ble from ProQuest Dissertations and The-ses database. (UMI No. 1038135032)
Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. Academic Press.
Bobek, B. L. (2002). Teacher resiliency: A key to career longevity. The Clearing House, 75(4), 202-205.
Brunetti, G. J. (2006). Resilience under fire: Perspectives on the work of experienced, inner city high school teachers in the United States. Teaching and Teacher Ed-ucation, 22, 812-825.
Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F., & Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. Academic Press.
Bernthal, P. R. et al., (2004). Mapping the fu-ture ; New workplace learning and per-formance competencies, 47-48
Caldwell, B. (1998). Strategic leadership, re-source management and effective school reform. Journal of Educational Admin-istration, 36(5), 445-461.
Castro, A. J., Kelly, J., & Shih, M. (2010). Resili-ence strategies for new teachers in high-needs areas. Teaching and Teacher Edu-cation, 26, 622-629.
Charan, R., Drotter, S., & Noel, J. (2001). The leadership pipeline. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Chong, S., & Low, E. L. (2009). Why I want to teach and how I feel about teaching - formation of teacher identity from pre-service to the beginning teacher phase. Educational Research Policy and Prac-tice, 8, 59-72.
Connor, M. K., & Davidson, R. T. J. (2003). De-velopment of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76-82.
Connor, K. M, Davidson, J. R. T., & Lee, L.-C. (2003). Spirituality, resilience, and anger in survivors of violent trauma: A commu-nity survey. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 487-494.Connor KM, Davidson JRT. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). Depress Anxiety. (2003) 18:76– 82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113
Colins, J. (2001). Good to great (L. Cinemre, Çev.). İstanbul: Boyner (Orijinal basım yılı: 2001)
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Quali-tative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Day, C. (2008). Committed for life? Variations in teachers’ work, lives and effectiveness. Journal of Educational Change, 9(3), 243-260.
Day, C., & Qing, G. (2009). Teacher emotions: Well being and effectiveness. In Advances in teacher emotion research (pp. 15-31). Springer US.
Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (2009). Shaping School Culture: Pitfalls, Paradoxes, and Promises. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Decision Innovation. (2020). Problem Solving, Decision Making. https://www.decision-making-solu-tions.com/problem_solving_decision_making.html
Dubois, D. D., & Rothwell, W. J. (2004). Compe-tency-based human resource manage-ment. Palo Alto, CA: Davies-Black.
Drucker, P. F., “Leadership: More Doing Than Dash,” Managing for the Future (Truman Talley Books/Dutton: 1992).
Flores, M. A. (2006). Being a novice teacher in two different settings: Struggles, continui-ties and discontinuities. Teachers College Record, 108, 2021-2052.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. W. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications (9th ed.). Pear-son Education.
Giulioni, J. W. (2019, February 14). Are You a Reflective or Reflexive Leader? Smart-Brief. https://www.smartbrief.com/original/2019/02/are-you-reflective-or-reflexive-leade
Jason A. Grissom. (2011) Can Good Principals Keep Teachers in Disadvantaged Schools? Linking Principal Effectiveness to Teach-er Satisfaction and Turnover in Hard-to-Staff Environments.”
Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change (2nd ed.). Harvard Business Review Press.
Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2019). Practical research: Planning and design (12th ed.). Pearson Education.
Holtzclaw, E. (2012, June 21). Power of Con-sistency: 5 Rules. Inc. https://www.inc.com/eric-v-holtzclaw/consistency-power-success-rules.html
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1-23Hong, J. Y. (2012). Why do some beginning teach-ers leave the school, and others stay? Un-derstanding teachers’ resilience through
psychological lenses. Teachers and Teaching, 18(4), 417-440
Jarzabkowski, L. M. (2002). The social dimen-sions of teacher collegiality. Journal of Educational Enquiry, 3(2), 1-20.
King, A. W., Fowler, S. W., & Zeithaml, C. P. (2001). Managing organizational compe-tencies for competitive advantage: The middle-management edge. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(2), 95-106.
Klusmann, U., Kunter, M., Trautwein, U., Lüdt-ke, O., & Baumert, J. (2008). Teachers’ oc-cupational well-being and quality of in-struction: The important role of self-regulatory patterns. Journal of Educa-tional Psychology, 100(3), 702-715.
Lado, A. A., & Wilson, M. C. (1994). Human re-source systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspec-tive. Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 699-727.
Lussier, R. N. (2017). Management fundamen-tals: Concepts, applications, & skill devel-opment (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE
Marshall, D. T., Love, S. M., & Neugebauer, N. M. (2023). Teacher morale and mental health at the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic. Education Sciences, 13(12), 1222.
Masten, A. S. (2018). "Resilience theory and research on children and families: Past, present, and promise." Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 124-144.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-93
Sinclair, C. (2008). Initial and changing student teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(2), 79-104.
Siu, O. L. (2008). Leadership and managing change in schools: From theory to prac-tice. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(6), 518-529. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810917656
Snell, S. A., & Dean, J. W. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital perspec-tive. Academy of Management Journal, 35(2), 467-504.
Spencer. M., & Spenser, S. M. (1993). Compe-tence at work: Models for superior per-formance. New York: Wiley.
Thompson, Arthur A. et al., “Starbucks in 2004: Driving for Global Dominance,” (Universi-ty of Alabama: 2004).
Visagie, J., Linde, H., & Havenga, W. (2011). Leadership competencies for managing diversity. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 9(3), 225-247
Wang, W. C., & Lin, C. H. (2011). Types of com-petitive advantage and analysis. Interna-tional Journal of Business and Manage-ment, 6(5), 100-104
Watt, H. M., & Richardson, P. W. (2012). An introduction to teaching motivations in different countries: comparisons using the FIT-Choice scale. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 185-197.
Watt, H. M., & Richardson, P. W. (2008). Moti-vations, perceptions, and aspirations con-cerning teaching as a career for differ-ence
Werner, E. E. (1995). Resilience in develop-ment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 81-85.
Windle, G. (2011) What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(2), 151-169.
Ulrich, D. et al., (2008). The 21st Century HR Organization, 47 (4), 829-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20247