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Feb 23, 2025
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Abstract
Language learners often encounter challenges when speaking a non-native language, such as English as a Second Language (ESL). These difficulties can arise not only from the complexity of language skills but also due to anxiety. This study investigated language anxiety, spe-cifically communication apprehension, among freshmen college stu-dents enrolled in a basic communication course. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, including a survey questionnaire and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that a majority of students experience average levels of communication apprehension. Notably, females exhibited higher communication apprehension compared to males. These results suggest that language anxiety, par-ticularly communication apprehension, may be influenced by expo-sure to language use and the classroom environment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Carin, N. N. F. (2025). Communication Apprehension among ESL College Learners. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(2), 453-459. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.02.01
References
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Alamri, W., & Qasem, F. (2024). Foreign lan-guage speaking anxiety in relation to gender: students and teachers’ percep-tions. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2423440
Aydin, S (2008). An investigation on the lan-guage anxiety and fear of negative evalu-ation among Turkish EFL Learners. Asian EFL Journal, (2) 421-444. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274704333_An_investigation_on_the_lan-guage_anxiety_and_fear_of_negative_evaluation_among_Turkish_EFL_Learners
Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). The role of gender and immersion in commu-nication and second language orienta-tions. Language Learning, 53(1), 65–96. doi:10.1111/0023-8333.00224
Blume, B. D., Baldwin, T. T., & Ryan, K. C. (2013). Communication apprehension: A barrier to students’ leadership, adaptabil-ity, and multicultural apprecia-tion. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0127
Cebreros, M. (1998). The presence of native speakers of English in the classroom: A study of student interaction. Foreign Lan-guage Annals, 31(1), 49-58.
Cubukcu, F. (2007). Foreign Language Anxiety. Iranian Journal of Language Studies, 1(2), 133-142
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Horwitz, E (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
Kao, P. & Craigie, P. (2010). Foreign language anxiety and English achievement in Tai-wanese undergraduate English-major students: An empirical study. Hongkong Journal, 61, 49-62.
Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japa-nese language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/002
Liu, M. (2007). Anxiety in oral English class-rooms: A case study in China. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 3, 119-137. https://doi.org/10.25170/ijelt.v3i1.132
MacIntyre, P. & Gardner, R. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Lan-guage Learning, 44, 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x
MacIntyre, P., Baker, S. Clement, R., & Do-novan, L. (2003). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, per-ceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immer-sion students. Language Learning, 52 (3), 537-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00226
Mulyono, H., Sari, R. N., & Ningsih, S. K. (2019). Factors contributing to EFL students’ speaking anxiety. Register Journal, 12(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v12i1.13-27
Na, Z. (2007). A study of high school students’ English learning anxiety. Asian EFL Jour-nal. 9 (3), 22-34. Available: http://asian-efl-jour-nal.com/September_2007_EBook_editions.pdf
Oxford, Rabecca.L. (1990b). Language Learn-ing Strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle&Heinle.
Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the fac-tors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on com-munication in the target language. Mas-ter’s thesis: University of Glasgow, UK.
Tobias, S. (1986). Anxiety and cognitive pro-cessing of instruction. In R. Schwarzer (ed.). Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp.35-54), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235059775_Anxiety_and_Cognitive_Processing_of_Instruction
Alamri, W., & Qasem, F. (2024). Foreign lan-guage speaking anxiety in relation to gender: students and teachers’ percep-tions. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2423440
Aydin, S (2008). An investigation on the lan-guage anxiety and fear of negative evalu-ation among Turkish EFL Learners. Asian EFL Journal, (2) 421-444. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274704333_An_investigation_on_the_lan-guage_anxiety_and_fear_of_negative_evaluation_among_Turkish_EFL_Learners
Baker, S. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2003). The role of gender and immersion in commu-nication and second language orienta-tions. Language Learning, 53(1), 65–96. doi:10.1111/0023-8333.00224
Blume, B. D., Baldwin, T. T., & Ryan, K. C. (2013). Communication apprehension: A barrier to students’ leadership, adaptabil-ity, and multicultural apprecia-tion. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 12(2), 158–172. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2011.0127
Cebreros, M. (1998). The presence of native speakers of English in the classroom: A study of student interaction. Foreign Lan-guage Annals, 31(1), 49-58.
Cubukcu, F. (2007). Foreign Language Anxiety. Iranian Journal of Language Studies, 1(2), 133-142
Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in ap-plied linguistics. New York: Oxford Uni-versity Press.
Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. New York: Oxford Press Uni-versity, pp. 482-483.
Hadley, G. (1992). Classroom dynamics in lan-guage learning. Oxford University Press.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J (1986) Foreign language classroom anxiety scale. The Modern Language Journal, 70 (2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x
Horwitz, E (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112-126.
Kao, P. & Craigie, P. (2010). Foreign language anxiety and English achievement in Tai-wanese undergraduate English-major students: An empirical study. Hongkong Journal, 61, 49-62.
Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japa-nese language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/002
Liu, M. (2007). Anxiety in oral English class-rooms: A case study in China. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 3, 119-137. https://doi.org/10.25170/ijelt.v3i1.132
MacIntyre, P. & Gardner, R. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Lan-guage Learning, 44, 283-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x
MacIntyre, P., Baker, S. Clement, R., & Do-novan, L. (2003). Sex and age effects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, per-ceived competence, and L2 motivation among junior high school French immer-sion students. Language Learning, 52 (3), 537-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00226
Mulyono, H., Sari, R. N., & Ningsih, S. K. (2019). Factors contributing to EFL students’ speaking anxiety. Register Journal, 12(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v12i1.13-27
Na, Z. (2007). A study of high school students’ English learning anxiety. Asian EFL Jour-nal. 9 (3), 22-34. Available: http://asian-efl-jour-nal.com/September_2007_EBook_editions.pdf
Oxford, Rabecca.L. (1990b). Language Learn-ing Strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle&Heinle.
Tanveer, M. (2007). Investigation of the fac-tors that cause language anxiety for ESL/EFL learners in learning speaking skills and the influence it casts on com-munication in the target language. Mas-ter’s thesis: University of Glasgow, UK.
Tobias, S. (1986). Anxiety and cognitive pro-cessing of instruction. In R. Schwarzer (ed.). Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation (pp.35-54), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235059775_Anxiety_and_Cognitive_Processing_of_Instruction