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Abstract
The physical education curriculum varies across cultures worldwide, with this scoping review focusing specifically on Southeast Asia. The study aims to analyze published research that highlights how South-east Asian nations perceive the physical education curriculum, as well as the challenges they face in this field. The findings are evaluat-ed to identify practices and strategies that neighboring countries might adopt to address local challenges. Additionally, the review serves as a basis for assessing the current state of relations among the countries in the region. The scoping review follows the frame-work proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, encompassing stages from formulating research questions to summarizing findings obtained through data charting. The results indicate that Southeast Asian countries are committed to improving their physical education cur-ricula, consistently investing in planning and implementation. How-ever, the challenges vary across nations, ranging from limited tech-nological advancements to issues in curriculum design and execu-tion. Analyzing existing literature reveals strategies that could help countries overcome local obstacles. Sharing these insights has the potential to strengthen regional collaboration and contribute to the overall development of the physical education curriculum in South-east Asia.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Catahan, G. L., Mangulabnan, L. P., Visda, V. B. L., Perez, D. C., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2025). Cross-Cultural Perspectives of Southeast Asian Countries on Physical Education Curriculum: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(1), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.01.17
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Chhang, M. T., & Forhad, M. Z. A. (2021). A Comparative Study of Students’ Percep-tions Toward Physical Education Course and Their Actual Behaviors Toward Phys-ical Activities in Grades 10 and 11 in a Public High School at Phnom Penh, Cam-bodia. Scholar: Human Sciences, 12(2), 111-126. http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/3984/2870
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Dimarucot, H. C., & Rosales, M. J. D. (2020). Educational equity through engagement in the Bachelor of physical education ma-jor in Sports and wellness management program in the National Capital Region. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(2), 131-140. https://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/APJMR-2020.8.2.16.pdf
Dizon, S. G., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2022). Inter-nal assessment of a physical education teacher education program in the Philip-pines using the engagement theory of program quality (ETPQ). Multidisciplinary Journal for Ed-ucation, Social and Technological Scienc-es, 9(2), 46-80. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2022.16959
Fernandez, P. M. Q., Tolentino, J. C. G., Miran-da, J. P. P., Guanlao, J. G. B., & Sac, J. G. (2022). Research productivity in the hu-man movement sciences in the Philip-pines: A descriptive bibliometric and so-cial network analysis. International Jour-nal of Human Movement and Sports Sci-ences, 10(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100110
Fröberg, A., Wiklander, P., Baena-Morales, S., & Lundvall, S. (2023). How to teach about sustainable development in physical edu-cation? Examples from the perspectives of certified teachers in Sweden. Frontiers in Education, 8: 1294763, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1294763
Gomez, O. N. (2017). Physical EducASEAN: Concepts, methods, and practices of the 21st century physical education educa-tor’s manual. 22 Karats Publishing.
Haris, A., & Ghazali, M. I. (2016). Implementa-tion of teacher learning in physical edu-cation curriculum at the junior school in Makassar, Indonesia. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 683–687. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.s1110
Jaleniauskiene, E., & Lisaite, D. (2023). Scoping review methodology and its use to review online project-based learning in higher education, 2020-2023. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v17i2.36659
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Lee, Y. S., Chia, M., & Komar, J. (2022). A sys-tematic review of physical activity inter-vention programs in ASEAN countries: Efficacy and future directions. Interna-tional Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095357
Lynch, T., & Soukup, G. J. (2017). Primary physical education (PE): School leader perceptions about classroom teacher quality implementation. Cogent Educa-tion, 4(1), 1348925. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2017.1348925
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Bakar, A. H. (2019). The effectiveness of flipped learning in physical education for a sec-ondary school in Brunei Darussalam. Un-published Doctoral Dissertation. Univer-siti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darus-salam
Baptista, C., Dias, T., Corte-Real, N., Dias, C., Regueiras, L., Pereira, A., Martinek, T., & Fonseca, A. (2019). Constructing agents of change through the model of personal and social responsibility (TPSR): A study of physical education in East Timor. In-ternational Journal of Sports Science, 2019(1), 8–16. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.sports.20190901.02
Bariao, H. C., Puno, P. A. T., Llave, D. L. C., Gue-varra, C. D., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2024). Psychological well-being in physical edu-cation curriculum: A scoping review. Journal of Physical Education Research, 11(3), 01-10. https://www.joper.org/JOPER/JOPERVolume_11_Issue_3_7_9_2024_294.pdf
Bria, F. A., Rahayu, T., & Sumartiningsih, S. (2024). Implementation of the physical education curriculum at secondary school level in the Dili District of Timor-Leste. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 7(1), 3871–3874. http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jrpp
Butler, K., & Calcagno, T. (2020). Syllabus min-ing for Information Literacy instruction: A scoping review. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 15(4), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.18438/eblip29800
Calunsag, B. D., & San Diego, C. J. G. (2023). Students’ attitudes and academic perfor-mance in physical education. Proceedings of the 8th ACPES (ASEAN Council of Physi-cal Education and Sport) International Conference, ACPES 2022, October 28th – 30th, 2022, Medan, North Sumatera, In-donesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2327388
Campo, J. C., Licup, T. O., Lumba, E. G., Lingat, E. G., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2024). Tech-nology integration in physical education curriculum implementation in the Philip-pines: A scoping review. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Busi-ness and Education Research, 5(7). 2906-2918. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.07.37
Cervantes, C. M., & Clark, L. (2020). Cultural humility in physical education teacher education: A missing piece in developing a new generation of socially just physical education teachers. Quest, 72(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2019.1608267
Chhang, M. T., & Forhad, M. Z. A. (2021). A Comparative Study of Students’ Percep-tions Toward Physical Education Course and Their Actual Behaviors Toward Phys-ical Activities in Grades 10 and 11 in a Public High School at Phnom Penh, Cam-bodia. Scholar: Human Sciences, 12(2), 111-126. http://www.assumptionjournal.au.edu/index.php/Scholar/article/view/3984/2870
Culajara, C. J. (2023). The voices of physical education teachers: Its pressure, meas-ure, and treasure in delivering instruction in physical education. Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, 1(2), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.17977/um086v1i22023p98-109
Dimarucot, H. C., & Rosales, M. J. D. (2020). Educational equity through engagement in the Bachelor of physical education ma-jor in Sports and wellness management program in the National Capital Region. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 8(2), 131-140. https://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/APJMR-2020.8.2.16.pdf
Dizon, S. G., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2022). Inter-nal assessment of a physical education teacher education program in the Philip-pines using the engagement theory of program quality (ETPQ). Multidisciplinary Journal for Ed-ucation, Social and Technological Scienc-es, 9(2), 46-80. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2022.16959
Fernandez, P. M. Q., Tolentino, J. C. G., Miran-da, J. P. P., Guanlao, J. G. B., & Sac, J. G. (2022). Research productivity in the hu-man movement sciences in the Philip-pines: A descriptive bibliometric and so-cial network analysis. International Jour-nal of Human Movement and Sports Sci-ences, 10(1), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100110
Fröberg, A., Wiklander, P., Baena-Morales, S., & Lundvall, S. (2023). How to teach about sustainable development in physical edu-cation? Examples from the perspectives of certified teachers in Sweden. Frontiers in Education, 8: 1294763, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1294763
Gomez, O. N. (2017). Physical EducASEAN: Concepts, methods, and practices of the 21st century physical education educa-tor’s manual. 22 Karats Publishing.
Haris, A., & Ghazali, M. I. (2016). Implementa-tion of teacher learning in physical edu-cation curriculum at the junior school in Makassar, Indonesia. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 683–687. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.s1110
Jaleniauskiene, E., & Lisaite, D. (2023). Scoping review methodology and its use to review online project-based learning in higher education, 2020-2023. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v17i2.36659
Junio, J. J. B., & Liwag, J. A. (2016). Factors af-fecting students’ performance in physical education class in Lyceum of the Philip-pines University-Laguna. LPU-Laguna Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(4), 52-67.
Kadir, K. B. (2024). Adaptation perspective approach in the implementation of the curriculum of physical education subjects among teachers in schools. Proceeding of International Conference on Special Edu-cation in South East Asia Region, 1(1), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.57142/picsar.v1i1.44
Kheokao, R. (2017). Sports diplomacy: Case study “Role of sports in ASEAN socio-cultural community (ASCC)”. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Assumption University of Thailand. https://repository.au.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/c48116a9-7e09-44ac-b23a-b1790144acb7/content
Lee, J. (2020). Strategies for developing cur-riculum for dispatching taekwondo mas-ters in Southeast Asia. The World Society of Taekwondo Culture, 26, 13–26. https://doi.org/10.18789/jwstc.2020.26.13
Lee, Y. S., Chia, M., & Komar, J. (2022). A sys-tematic review of physical activity inter-vention programs in ASEAN countries: Efficacy and future directions. Interna-tional Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095357
Lynch, T., & Soukup, G. J. (2017). Primary physical education (PE): School leader perceptions about classroom teacher quality implementation. Cogent Educa-tion, 4(1), 1348925. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2017.1348925
Makhmudovich, G. A., Anvarovich, I. S., & O'r-monovich, I. F. (2022). Development of physical activity of students based on physical education and sports classes. In-ternational Journal of Social Sciences & Interdisciplinary Research, 11(11), 135-141. https://www.gejournal.net/index.php/IJSSIR/article/view/1084/985
Mustafa, P. S., & Dwiyogo, W. D. (2020). Ku-rikulum pendidikan jasmani, olahraga, dan kesehatan di indonesia abad 21. JARTIKA Jurnal Riset Teknologi Dan Ino-vasi Pendidikan, 3(2), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.36765/jartika.v3i2.268
Nampai, U. (2015). Elementary physical educa-tors’ perspectives of curriculum and in-struction in the United States and Thai-land. Published Dissertation, University of Northern Colorado. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations/307
Osada, T., Utami, N. A. B., & Budiana, D. (2022). Implementation of the STEM learning ap-proach in physical education in the pro-cess of student cognition development. The ASEAN Journal of Sport for Develop-ment & Peace, 2(1), 48-56. https://vm36.upi.edu/index.php/ajsdp/article/view/49026/pdf
Peters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Tricco, A. C., Pol-lock, D., Munn, Z., Alexander, L., McIner-ney, P., Godfrey, C. M., & Khalil, H. (2020). Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 18(10), 2119–2126. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbies-20-00167
Pimjan, L. (2020). The relationship between intrinsic and external motivation towards lesson implementation and application of physical education content among pre-service physical education teachers in Thailand. African Educational Research Journal, 8(4), 714–720. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.84.20.154
Putri, A. Y., Kasih, I., & Sinulingga, A. (2023). Curriculum development with independ-ent learning in the perspective of physical education as a character development subject. International Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 432–435. https://doi.org/10.32528/issh.v2i2.260
Putro, B. C., Fatkhur, A. K., Gustavian, A. A., Santosa, M. I. A., & Alkatsiri, M. a. M. (2024). Designing a curriculum in physi-cal education learning. Jurnal Pembelaja-ran Bimbingan Dan Pengelolaan Pendidi-kan, 4(3), 10. https://doi.org/10.17977/um065.v4.i3.2024.10
Rizal, H., Hajar, M. S., & Kuan, G. (2019). School-based physical activity interven-tions in Southeast Asia: A systematic re-view. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.32827/ijphcs.6.3.32
Scanlon, D., Lorusso, J., & Viczko, M. (2023). Understanding (and extending) the con-ceptual boundaries of policy research in physical education: A scoping review. Eu-ropean Physical Education Review, 30(3), 414–434. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x231210393
Sinio, C. D., & Tolentino, J. C. G. (2024). Imple-mentation of the Revitalized Tertiary Physical Education Program in a Higher Education Institution in Pampanga Grounded on the Statutory Policy of the Commission on Higher Education and UNESCO’s Quality Physical Education Model. International Journal of Multidis-ciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(2), 488-512. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.02.11
Sinurat, M. (2024). The development of public finance curriculum in the ministry of civil service: A scoping literature review. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i7.4566
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