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Abstract
This multiphase mixed methods design research was conducted to develop a Remediating Strategic Intervention Material (RSIM) for Statistics and Probability for Grade 10 students. Research findings revealed that problem solving as the most essential skill in any area of learning is not given too much attention and importance as shown by the least learned competencies in Statistics and Probability of the majority of Aklanon students. In fact, 4 out of 4 or 100% of their least learned competencies involve problem solving activities. These competencies are: (1) Solves problems involving permutations and combination, (2) Solves problems involving probability, (3) Calculates specified measure of position (e.g., 90th percentile) of a set of data and (4) Finds the probability of (A U B). Hence, the researcher developed a Remediating Strategic Intervention Material (RSIM) in response to these competencies with the integration of different learning activities in line with the suggested teaching strategies of the teachers. The developed material was then evaluated by the students and teachers using the Pilot Testing Tool and Learning Resource (LR) Quality Assurance Tools. After the evaluation, the material was found acceptable in terms of its content, language and layout and format. Moreover, students and teachers expressed their satisfaction with the material highlighting its suitability, simplicity, relatability and comprehensiveness These results underscore the potential of targeted intervention materials in strengthening problem solving competencies, a challenge common in mathematics education worldwide. This study offers valuable insights to curriculum developers and educators to bridge foundational skills through localized and innovative intervention materials.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Tambong, C. F., & Malonisio, M. O. (2025). Remediating Strategic Intervention Material (RSIM) for Statistics and Probability. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(4), 1832-1854. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.04.21
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Aranda, Y. A., Diaz, R. A., Sombilon, M., & Gi-cana, C. F. (2019). Integrating strategic in-tervention materials (SIM) in science to low achieving learners. Journal of Science Teachers and Educators, 2 (1), 1-9. https://nosteonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Printing-Integrating-SIM.pdf
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Amalia, E., Surya, E., & Syahputra, E. (2017). The effectiveness of using problem-based learning (PBL) in mathematics problem solving ability for junior high school stu-dents. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Educa-tion, 3(2), 3402-3406. https://doi.org/10.30595/alphamath.v8i2.15047
Aranda, Y. A., Diaz, R. A., Sombilon, M., & Gi-cana, C. F. (2019). Integrating strategic in-tervention materials (SIM) in science to low achieving learners. Journal of Science Teachers and Educators, 2 (1), 1-9. https://nosteonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Printing-Integrating-SIM.pdf
Armstrong, M., Dopp, C., & Welsh, J. (2022). Design-based research. Education Re-search. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003108122-11
Arpilleda, A. J. (2021). Strategic intervention material: A tool in enhancing grade nine students’ mathematical performance. In-ternational Journal of Research, 10(5), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2021.5051
Arum, D. P., Kusmayadi, T. A., & Pramudya, I. (2018, March). Students’ difficulties in probabilistic problem-solving. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 983, No. 1, p. 012098). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012098
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Blalock, G. C. (2010). Strategic intervention material model 6. Transition project: Ed-ucation Transition Consulting UC. https://www.ku.crl.org.pdf
Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and instruction, 8(4), 293-332. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2
Contreras, S. J. (2018). Utilization of manipula-tive and interactive strategic intervention material (MI-SIM) in Chemistry 9. ASTR Research Journal, 2, 45-65. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4007640
Dañas, S.D., Mabansag, J.G.L., Baldo, C.G., Inan, R.D. & Malonisio, M.O. (2024). Code-Switching of Pre-Service Teachers in Teaching Mathematics. Universal Journal of Educational Research 3 (4):356-365.
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Department of Education. (2009). Department of Education Memorandum No. 225, s. 2009. 7th National Science Quest for El-ementary and Secondary Levels. https://bit.ly/2OP7Fnq
De Jesus, R. G. (2019). Improving the least mastered competencies in science 9 using “pump it up!” electronic strategic inter-vention material. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-con-tent/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2019/lli-II-011.pdf
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Devlin, M., & Samarawickrema, G. (2010). The criteria of effective teaching in a changing higher education context. Higher Educa-tion Research & Development, 29(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360903244398
Dumigsi, M. P., & Cabrella, J. B. B. (2019). Effec-tiveness of strategic intervention material in Mathematics as remediation for grade 9 students in solving problems involving quadratic functions. Asian Journal of Ed-ucation and Social Studies, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2019/v5i130137
Dy, L. (2011). Teaching mathematics through Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM). https://www.mathlanding.org/collections/pd_collection/strategies-teaching-students-struggling-mathematics
Eres, M. J. V. (2022). Timed practice drill as a means of improving the learners' mas-tery level of the operations of integers in sagpat high school. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(5), 905–913.
Escoreal, A. (2012). Strategic intervention ma-terial a tool to reduce least learned skills in grade four Science. Journal of Innova-tions in Teaching and Learning. https://www.sciepub.com/journal/jitl
Espinosa, A. A. (2014). Strategic intervention material-based instruction, learning ap-proach and students’ performance in chemistry. International Journal of Learn-ing, Teaching and Educational Research, 2(1). https://ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/10
Farrajallah, A. E. K. (2017). the impact of em-ploying the (think-pair-share) strategy to gain some number sense skills and math-ematical communication skills among fifth grade students. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities), 31(9), 6. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-031-009-006
Garfield, J. (2017). Teaching statistics using small-group cooperative learning. Journal of Statistics education, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.1993.11910455
Garfield, J., & Ahlgren, A. (1988). Difficulties in learning basic concepts in probability and statistics: Implications for research. Jour-nal for research in Mathematics Educa-tion, 19(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.19.1.0044
Gari, J. B., & Malonisio, M. (2023). Develop-ment of instructional material in patterns and algebra based on the least learned competencies. Psychology and Educa-tion: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(10), 1158-1171. https://scimatic.org/storage/journals/11/pdfs/2200.pdf
Gurat, M. G. (2018). Mathematical problem-solving strategies among student teach-ers. Journal on Efficiency and Responsi-bility in Education and Science, 11(3), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2018.110302
Jamie, D. M. (2002). Using computer simula-tion methods to teach statistics: A review of the literature. Journal of Statistics Edu-cation, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2002.11910548
Kamaluddin, M., & Widjajanti, D. B. (2019, Oc-tober). The impact of discovery learning on students’ mathematics learning out-comes. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1320, No. 1, p. 012038). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1320/1/012038
Kandeel, R. A. A. (2019). Students' academic difficulties in learning a statistics and probability course: the instructors' view. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/10-9-05
Kautzman, K. (2012). Math intervention strat-egies: Suggestions for struggling learners. http://www.brighthubeducation.com/teaching-elementary-school/89697-math-intervention-strategies-for -struggling-learners/
Kovacs, P., Kuruczleki, E., Kazar, K., Liptak, L., & Racz, T. (2021). Modern teaching methods in action in statistical classes. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 37(3), 899-919. https://doi.org/10.3233/sji-210843
Larbi, E., & Mavis, O. (2016). The use of ma-nipulatives in mathematics education. Journal of Education and practice, 7(36), 53-61. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1126428.pdf
Lim, C. S., Tang, K. N., & Kor, L. K. (2012). Drill and practice in learning (and beyond). Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 1040-1043. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_706
Luzano, J. F. (2020). Development and valida-tion of strategic intervention materials (sims) of the selected topics in trigonom-etry of precalculus discipline in senior high school. Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies, 1(2), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.1.2.3
Malonisio, M. O. (2023). Blended learning mo-dality in teaching statistics in a graduate program of a state university in the phil-ippines. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(2), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i2.889
Malonisio, M. O., & Malonisio, C. C. (2023). Val-idation of the teacher education institu-tion’s entrance test using the Rasch mod-el. International Journal of Innovative Re-search and Scientific Studies, 6(3), 644-655. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v6i3.1726
Molano, R. R. (2020). Development and valida-tion of learning material in statistics and probability. ASEAN Journal of Basic and Higher Education, 3. https://www.paressu.org/online/index.php/aseanjbh/article/view/253/202
Nazareth, B., & Coronel, M. R. (2019). Tech-niques and strategies in teaching statistics and probability among senior high school students of camp vicente lim integrated school. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multi-disciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2I). https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/7157
Nozari, M. (2019). Effects of early explicit stra-tegic intervention on the mathematics performance of students at-risk for Mathematics Difficulties (Doctoral dis-sertation). https://www.proquest.com/openview/466696097e85ec0e5a08c19424827c3c/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Pasion, R. B. (2019). The Efficacy of strategic intervention materials (sims) in teaching social studies among third year high school students. SMCC Higher Education Research Journal, 6(1), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.18868/sherj6j.06.010119.11
Ramsey, J. B. (1999). Why do students find sta-tistics so difficult? Proceedings of the 52th Session of the ISI. Helsinki, 10-18. https://iase-web.org/documents/papers/isi52/rams0070.pdf
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