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Feb 23, 2025
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Abstract
This research explores whether religiosity moderates the link be-tween Big Five personality traits and cadets' sexual risk behaviors. Overall, 474 respondents participated in the study. This number con-sists of students taking up Marine Transportation and Marine Engi-neering students in a maritime school situated in Metro Manila. They were surveyed using the converted electronic version of the Brief Mul-tidimensional Measure of Religiosity and Spirituality (BMMRS), Big Five Personality Factors - 2 (BFI-2), and the Sexual Risks Behaviors Scale. Based on the results, the study found that agreeableness is neg-atively correlated with sexual risk behavior (r = -.12*, p < .05), sug-gesting a tendency towards lower engagement in risky sexual behav-iors among those with higher levels of agreeableness. Furthermore, this study concluded that religiousness did not moderate the relation-ship between agreeableness and sexual risk behavior. This suggests that, regardless of whether individuals are highly agreeable, their level of religiousness does not seem to alter the impact of agreeableness on sexual risk behavior.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Ortiz, D. M. V., & De Jose, E. G. (2025). Personality Traits and Sexual Risk Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Religiosity in Maritime Cadets. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(2), 564-573. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.02.12
References
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Allen, M. S., & Desille, A. E. (2017). Personality and sexuality in older adults. Psychology & Health, 32(7), 843-859.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regres-sion/correlation analysis for the behav-ioral sciences. Routledge
Cruz, C. J. P. (2016). Risk Behaviors and Health of Young Sexual Minorities in the Philip-pines: Findings from YAFS4. In Popula-tion Association of America Conference, Washington DC, USA, April (Vol. 2).
Del Castillo, F., & Alino, M. A. (2020). Religious coping of selected Filipino Catholic youth. Religions, 11(9), 462.
Del Castillo, F., del Castillo, C. D., Ching, G., Ackert, M., Aliño, M. A., & Nob, R. (2021). Validation of the Abrahamic forms of the centrality of religiosity scale (CRS-5, CRS-10, and CRS-15): Evidence from selected university students in the Philippines. Re-ligions, 12(2), 84.
Fernández del Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Castro, Á., & Barrada, J. R. (2019). Soci-osexuality and bright and dark personali-ty: The prediction of behavior, attitude, and desire to engage in casual sex. Inter-national journal of environmental re-search and public health, 16(15), 2731.
Ferrer-Urbina, R., Mena-Chamorro, P., Halty, M., and Sepúlveda-Páez, G. (2022). Psy-chological factors and sexual risk behav-iors: A multidimensional model based on the chilean population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19:9293. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159293
Francis, J. M., Myers, B., Nkosi, S., Petersen Williams, P., Carney, T., Lombard, C., ... & Morojele, N. (2019). The prevalence of religiosity and association between relig-iosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Af-rica. PloS one, 14(2), e0211322.
Haglund, K. A., & Fehring, R. J. (2010). The as-sociation of religiosity, sexual education, and parental factors with risky sexual behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Journal of religion and health, 49, 460-472.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N.P., Ray, S. (2021). Modera-tion Analysis. In: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_8
Hardy, S. A., & Willoughby, B. J. (2017). Religi-osity and chastity among single young adults and married adults. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(3), 285–295.https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000112
Harris, S. K., Sherritt, L. R., Holder, D. W., Kulig, J., Shrier, L. A., & Knight, J. R. (2008). Reliability and validity of the brief multidimensional measure of reli-giousness/spirituality among adoles-cents. Journal of Religion and Health, 47, 438-457.
Holmes, C., Brieant, A., King‐Casas, B., & Kim‐Spoon, J. (2019). How is religiousness as-sociated with adolescent risk‐taking? The roles of emotion regulation and executive function. Journal of Research on Adoles-cence, 29(2), 334-344.
Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., Yeganeh, T., & Mo-jallal, M. (2013). The relationship of the religious orientations and attitudes with self-control among students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 759- 762.
Hulin, C., Netemeyer, R., and Cudeck, R. (2001). Can a Reliability Coefficient Be Too High? Journal of Consumer Psychol-ogy, Vol. 10, Nr. 1,55-58
Izdebski, Z., & Ostrowska, A. (2003). Seks po polsku. Zachowania seksualne jako ele-ment stylu życia Polaków. Sex in Polish. Sexual behaviors as an element of Poles’ lifestyle. Warszawa: Muza S.A
Johnstone, B., Bhushan, B., Hanks, R., Yoon, D. P., & Cohen, D. (2015). Factor Structure of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality in US and Indi-an Samples with Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(2), 572–586. doi:10.1007/s10943- 015-0170-y
Johnstone, B., Bruininks, P., Smith, E. I., Yoon, D. P., Cohen, D., Edman, L., Bankard, J., & Witvliet, C. (2021). Conceptualising spir-ituality and religion as psychological pro-cesses: Validation of the factor structure of the BMMRS. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(3), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1793311
Koletić, G., Landripet, I., Tafro, A., Jurković, L., Milas, G., & Štulhofer, A. (2021). Religious faith and sexual risk taking among ado-lescents and emerging adults: A meta-analytic review. Social Science & Medi-cine, 291, 114488.
Laraqui, S., Laraqui, O., Manar, N., Ghailan, T., Belabsir, M., Deschamps, F., & Laraqui, C. H. (2017). The assessment of seafarers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices relat-ed to STI/HIV/AIDS in northern Morocco. International Maritime Health, 68(1), 26-30.
Masters, K. S. (2020). Brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality (BMMRS). In Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 307-308). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Nascimento, B. S., Hanel, P. P., Monteiro, R. P., Gouveia, V. V., & Little, A. C. (2018). Soci-osexuality in Brazil: Validation of the SOI-R and its correlates with personality, self-perceived mate value, and ideal partner preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 98-104.
Okeafor, I., & Okeafor, C. (2017). Qualitative study on determinants of HIV risk behav-iors among Nigerian seafarers. African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 16(1), 6-6.
Pougnet, R., Bleunven, P., Loddé, B., Lucas, D., Dewitte, J. D., & Pougnet, L. (2020). Sex-ually transmitted infection and seafarers: raising awareness on preventing prostitu-tion?. International Maritime Health, 71(4), 303-303.
Puzek, I., Štulhofer, A., & Božičević, I. (2012). Is religiosity a barrier to sexual and re-productive health? Results from a popula-tion-based study of young Croatian adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 1497-1505.
Rammstedt, B., John, O.P. (2020). Big Five In-ventory. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_445
Rew, L. (2011). Early and Risky Sexual Behav-ior in a Sample of Rural Adolescents. Is-sues in Comprehensive and Pediat-ric Nursing, 34(4). 189-204. https://doi.org/10.3109/01460862.2011.619861
Robbins, M., Francis, L., McIlroy, D., Clarke, R., & Pritchard, L. (2010). Three religious orientations and five personality factors: An exploratory study among adults in England. Mental Health, Religion & Cul-ture, 13(7-8), 771-775.
Schmitt, D. P. (2004). The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: Differential personality associa-tions of sexual promiscuity and relation-ship infidelity. European Journal of per-sonality, 18(4), 301-319.
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of personality and social psychology, 113(1), 117.
Štulhofer, A., Šoh, D., Jelaska, N., Baćak, V., & Landripet, I. (2011). Religiosity and sexu-al risk behavior among Croatian college students, 1998–2008. Journal of Sex Re-search, 48, 360–371. doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.494257"
Szcześniak, M., Sopińska, B., & Kroplewski, Z. (2019). Big five personality traits and life satisfaction: The mediating role of religi-osity. Religions, 10(7), 437.
Thepthien, B. O., & Celyn. (2022). Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually- experienced adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand: findings from a school web-based survey. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 127.
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Eco-nomics and Finance, 20, 679-686
Allen, M. S., & Desille, A. E. (2017). Personality and sexuality in older adults. Psychology & Health, 32(7), 843-859.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regres-sion/correlation analysis for the behav-ioral sciences. Routledge
Cruz, C. J. P. (2016). Risk Behaviors and Health of Young Sexual Minorities in the Philip-pines: Findings from YAFS4. In Popula-tion Association of America Conference, Washington DC, USA, April (Vol. 2).
Del Castillo, F., & Alino, M. A. (2020). Religious coping of selected Filipino Catholic youth. Religions, 11(9), 462.
Del Castillo, F., del Castillo, C. D., Ching, G., Ackert, M., Aliño, M. A., & Nob, R. (2021). Validation of the Abrahamic forms of the centrality of religiosity scale (CRS-5, CRS-10, and CRS-15): Evidence from selected university students in the Philippines. Re-ligions, 12(2), 84.
Fernández del Río, E., Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Castro, Á., & Barrada, J. R. (2019). Soci-osexuality and bright and dark personali-ty: The prediction of behavior, attitude, and desire to engage in casual sex. Inter-national journal of environmental re-search and public health, 16(15), 2731.
Ferrer-Urbina, R., Mena-Chamorro, P., Halty, M., and Sepúlveda-Páez, G. (2022). Psy-chological factors and sexual risk behav-iors: A multidimensional model based on the chilean population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19:9293. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159293
Francis, J. M., Myers, B., Nkosi, S., Petersen Williams, P., Carney, T., Lombard, C., ... & Morojele, N. (2019). The prevalence of religiosity and association between relig-iosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Af-rica. PloS one, 14(2), e0211322.
Haglund, K. A., & Fehring, R. J. (2010). The as-sociation of religiosity, sexual education, and parental factors with risky sexual behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Journal of religion and health, 49, 460-472.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N.P., Ray, S. (2021). Modera-tion Analysis. In: Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_8
Hardy, S. A., & Willoughby, B. J. (2017). Religi-osity and chastity among single young adults and married adults. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 9(3), 285–295.https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000112
Harris, S. K., Sherritt, L. R., Holder, D. W., Kulig, J., Shrier, L. A., & Knight, J. R. (2008). Reliability and validity of the brief multidimensional measure of reli-giousness/spirituality among adoles-cents. Journal of Religion and Health, 47, 438-457.
Holmes, C., Brieant, A., King‐Casas, B., & Kim‐Spoon, J. (2019). How is religiousness as-sociated with adolescent risk‐taking? The roles of emotion regulation and executive function. Journal of Research on Adoles-cence, 29(2), 334-344.
Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., Yeganeh, T., & Mo-jallal, M. (2013). The relationship of the religious orientations and attitudes with self-control among students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 759- 762.
Hulin, C., Netemeyer, R., and Cudeck, R. (2001). Can a Reliability Coefficient Be Too High? Journal of Consumer Psychol-ogy, Vol. 10, Nr. 1,55-58
Izdebski, Z., & Ostrowska, A. (2003). Seks po polsku. Zachowania seksualne jako ele-ment stylu życia Polaków. Sex in Polish. Sexual behaviors as an element of Poles’ lifestyle. Warszawa: Muza S.A
Johnstone, B., Bhushan, B., Hanks, R., Yoon, D. P., & Cohen, D. (2015). Factor Structure of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality in US and Indi-an Samples with Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(2), 572–586. doi:10.1007/s10943- 015-0170-y
Johnstone, B., Bruininks, P., Smith, E. I., Yoon, D. P., Cohen, D., Edman, L., Bankard, J., & Witvliet, C. (2021). Conceptualising spir-ituality and religion as psychological pro-cesses: Validation of the factor structure of the BMMRS. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 24(3), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1793311
Koletić, G., Landripet, I., Tafro, A., Jurković, L., Milas, G., & Štulhofer, A. (2021). Religious faith and sexual risk taking among ado-lescents and emerging adults: A meta-analytic review. Social Science & Medi-cine, 291, 114488.
Laraqui, S., Laraqui, O., Manar, N., Ghailan, T., Belabsir, M., Deschamps, F., & Laraqui, C. H. (2017). The assessment of seafarers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices relat-ed to STI/HIV/AIDS in northern Morocco. International Maritime Health, 68(1), 26-30.
Masters, K. S. (2020). Brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality (BMMRS). In Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 307-308). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Nascimento, B. S., Hanel, P. P., Monteiro, R. P., Gouveia, V. V., & Little, A. C. (2018). Soci-osexuality in Brazil: Validation of the SOI-R and its correlates with personality, self-perceived mate value, and ideal partner preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 98-104.
Okeafor, I., & Okeafor, C. (2017). Qualitative study on determinants of HIV risk behav-iors among Nigerian seafarers. African Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 16(1), 6-6.
Pougnet, R., Bleunven, P., Loddé, B., Lucas, D., Dewitte, J. D., & Pougnet, L. (2020). Sex-ually transmitted infection and seafarers: raising awareness on preventing prostitu-tion?. International Maritime Health, 71(4), 303-303.
Puzek, I., Štulhofer, A., & Božičević, I. (2012). Is religiosity a barrier to sexual and re-productive health? Results from a popula-tion-based study of young Croatian adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 1497-1505.
Rammstedt, B., John, O.P. (2020). Big Five In-ventory. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_445
Rew, L. (2011). Early and Risky Sexual Behav-ior in a Sample of Rural Adolescents. Is-sues in Comprehensive and Pediat-ric Nursing, 34(4). 189-204. https://doi.org/10.3109/01460862.2011.619861
Robbins, M., Francis, L., McIlroy, D., Clarke, R., & Pritchard, L. (2010). Three religious orientations and five personality factors: An exploratory study among adults in England. Mental Health, Religion & Cul-ture, 13(7-8), 771-775.
Schmitt, D. P. (2004). The Big Five related to risky sexual behaviour across 10 world regions: Differential personality associa-tions of sexual promiscuity and relation-ship infidelity. European Journal of per-sonality, 18(4), 301-319.
Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of personality and social psychology, 113(1), 117.
Štulhofer, A., Šoh, D., Jelaska, N., Baćak, V., & Landripet, I. (2011). Religiosity and sexu-al risk behavior among Croatian college students, 1998–2008. Journal of Sex Re-search, 48, 360–371. doi:10.1080/00224499.2010.494257"
Szcześniak, M., Sopińska, B., & Kroplewski, Z. (2019). Big five personality traits and life satisfaction: The mediating role of religi-osity. Religions, 10(7), 437.
Thepthien, B. O., & Celyn. (2022). Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among sexually- experienced adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand: findings from a school web-based survey. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 127.
Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Eco-nomics and Finance, 20, 679-686