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Abstract
The study determines the challenges and problems senior high school out-of-campus work immersion students encounter in managing a work immersion program. A descriptive-correlational research design and a researcher-made survey questionnaire were utilized with 110 out-of-campus senior high school work immersion students. Data on frequency, percentage, weighted mean, rank distribution, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (Pearson r) were analyzed. Data revealed that the profile of respondents had a greater number of female than male respondents. Regarding parents' educational attainment, more finished college level for mothers and secondary level for fathers. The family's monthly income is lower. The distance from the work immersion venue is a long travel of six kilometers and above. However, challenges encountered by out-of-campus work immersion students are slightly challenging with the grand mean ranging from 3.892 to 4.09 and SD ranging from 0.751 to 0.874. Therefore, challenges and problems encountered transform into opportunities to grow in the workplace, work immersion students develop self-discipline, good attitude, and service to work. In addition, correlational analysis between challenges and problems encountered by out-of-campus senior high school work immersion students is highly significant regarding immersion teachers, field supervisors, work ethics, and students' skills and competence. Challenges and problems encountered by out-of-campus work immersion students lead to improvement in the workforce that can create motivational, psychological, and physiological needs. Developed a positive mindset to finish their work immersion program with satisfied learning. It is highly recommended that fieldwork supervisors be competitive in skills, knowledgeable, and experts in the specific fields of specialization.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Anabo, R. O., Nebrida, R. N., Sison, M. N., Lopido, J. L. C., Picardal, B. M., & Rapada, Jr., V. P. (2025). Challenges and Problems Encountered by Senior High School Out-of-Campus Students in Work Immersion Program . International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(2), 805-822. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.02.27
References
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Ahmed, U., Yong, I. S. C., Pahi, M. H., & Dakhan, S. A. (2022). Does meaningful work en-compass support towards supervisory, worker and engagement relation-ship?. International Journal of Productivi-ty and Performance Management, 71(8), 3704-3723. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2020-0321
Alcobendas, J. R. (2022). Profile and Work Immersion Performance of Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) Stu-dents of Selected Implementing Schools in Subic District, Zambales, Philip-pines. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(4), 528–537. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.04.05
Amper, E. C. (2022). Exploring the experiences of senior high school students on busi-ness simulation in the new normal: Basis for a proposed intervention pro-gram. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(2), 180-203. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.02.06
Anabo, R. O. (2024). Perceptions and Teach-ers’ Experiences of Distance Learning Towards Challenges in the New Normal Education. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 17(44), 4646-4654.
Aquino A. M., & Natividad L. R., (2021). DM No. 30 s. 2021: A Step in the Right Direc-tion for Recognizing Students’ Academic Excellence? Lukad: An Online Journal of Pedagogy. 2023;3(1):112-129.
Ballouk, R., Mansour, V., Dalziel, B., & Hegazi, I. (2022). The development and valida-tion of a questionnaire to explore medical students’ learning in a blended learning environment. BMC medical education, 22, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03045-4
Belli, J. (2024). Navigating the Challenges of Full-Immersion Programs for ELLs: The Impact on Development and Well-Being (Master's thesis, SUNY Brockport, Department of Education and Human De-velopment). http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/15770
Breinholt, A., & Holm, A. (2020). Heterogene-ous effects of less educated mothers’ fur-ther education during early childhood on children’s educational performance in adolescence. Research in Social Stratifi-cation and Mobility, 68, 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100506
Brin, F. S., & Malvar, R. H. (2023). INDUSTRY-ACADEME PARTNERSHIP AND PER-FORMANCE LEVEL IN WORK IMMER-SION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARN-ERS IN CALABARZON: BASIS FOR PRO-POSED SHS WORK IMMERSION FRAMEWORK. Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Re-search, 1(3), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10416632
Budomo, X. M. (2020). Readiness and Willing-ness of the Enterprises in Accepting Work Immersion Activities of Senior High School Students. Online Submission, 9, 42-67.
Cabile Jr, D. C. (2024). Implementation of Work Immersion in the New Normal: Ba-sis for Students’ Quality Performance and Satisfaction. International Journal of Mul-tidisciplinary: Applied Business and Edu-cation Research, 5(3), 925-938. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.03.16
Chen, M. (2023). A review of the contempo-rary challenges faced by Chinese immer-sion education and its related teacher preparations in the United States. Journal of Education, 203(4), 961-970. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574221075199
Chen, Q., Chen, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2020). Impacts of boarding on primary school students’ mental health outcomes–Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwest-ern China. Economics & Human Biolo-gy, 39, 100920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100920
Cielo, J. S. C., & Niez, R. A. (2023). Personality Traits and Employability Skills of Grade 12 Student Interns: Basis for Enhanced School Immersion Program. OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research, 2(8), 616-634.https://doi.org/10.58811/opsearch.v2i8.69
Colbert-Getz, J. M., Kim, S., Goode, V. H., Shochet, R. B., & Wright, S. M. (2014). As-sessing medical students’ and residents’ perceptions of the learning environment: exploring validity evidence for the inter-pretation of scores from existing tools. Academic Medicine, 89(12), 1687-1693. https://doi.org10.1097/ACM.0000000000000433
Cruz, J. N. D. ., Permejo, M. M. ., & Permejo, M. M. . (2020). Workplace Skills and Compe-tencies: An Industry Partners Appraisal on Work Immersion Program Among Senior High School Learners. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(3), 41-48. https://www.al-kindipublish-er.com/index.php/jbms/article/view/855
Department of Education. DepEd Order No. 30, series of 2017, Guidelines for Work Immersion, 2017.
Dy, K. G. (2023). Internal Stakeholders’ In-volvement in Senior High School Work Immersion Program. Psychology and Ed-ucation: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(3), 375-382. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7984841
Favila, S. A., Erfe, J. P., Pimentel, M. M., Naval, D. J., Rabina, M. G., Castro, L., ... & Agustin, M. L. (2019). Ugnayan: A proposed knowledge sharing model for senior high school work immersion program. The Normal Lights, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v13i2.1388
Gregg, P., & Macmillan, L. (2010). Family in-come, education and cognitive ability in the next generation: exploring income gradients in education and test scores for current cohorts of youth. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 1(3), 259-280. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v1i3.95
https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i44.2466
Khongcharoen, P., & Kaewurai, W. (2023). A Second Order Confirmatory Factor Anal-ysis of Senior High School Students’ Learning and Innovation Skills Model Guidelines. Journal of Community Devel-opment Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 16(2), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2023.16
Lim, R. A., & Arcilla Jr, F. E. (2021). Mobile as-sisted language learning: Perspectives from senior high school stu-dents. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 1(2), 108-118. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5726387
Lin, M. J. (2020). The social and genetic inher-itance of educational attainment: Genes, parental education, and educational ex-pansion. Social science research, 86, 102387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102387
Lipscomb, S. T., Chandler, K. D., Abshire, C., Jaramillo, J., & Kothari, B. (2022). Early childhood teachers’ self-efficacy and pro-fessional support predict work engage-ment. Early childhood education jour-nal, 50(4), 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01182-5
Macalintal, I., & De Chavez, C. (2020). As-sessing the Senior High School Work Im-mersion with Partner Industries: Basis for Supervisory Work Plan. JPAIR Multidisci-plinary Research, 39(1), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v39i1.763
Mahaguay, K. C. P., Mahaguay, J. M., & School, V. M. I. (2020). Difficulties encountered by TVL-ICT computer programming stu-dents in work immersion. The URSP Re-search Journal, 6(1), 37-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346875388
Mapalo-Mina, M. C., & Sermona, N. L. D. (2022). Challenges encountered by senior high school teachers and students during in-school work immersion. Science Inter-national (Lahore), 34(5), 413-416. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364993742
McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Exam-ples. Retrieved on November 24, 2020, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
Medel, D., & Salapa, A. (2023). Analysis of Fili-pino Family Households Income Classifi-cation and Expenditure Patterns Using Machine Learning. Business and Organi-zation Studies e-Journal, 1(3), 39-52. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-3571
Morrison-Smith, S., & Ruiz, J. (2020). Challeng-es and barriers in virtual teams: a litera-ture review. SN Applied Sciences, 2(6), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2801-5
Necio, C. R., Acosta, N. P., Arzaga, M. L., & Buhalog, C. J. (2022). Challenges encoun-tered and level of satisfaction of work immersion students and partners: Basis for school policy work immersion plan. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary Research and Growth Evalua-tion, 3(4), 434-440.
Nisbet, S., Haw, J., & Caldicott, J. (2022). Stu-dents as Harsh Critics: A Comparison of Student and Industry Assessment of Placement Competencies. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learn-ing, 23(1), 1-16. Available at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1346548.pdf
Oneya, L., & Onyango, D. (2021). Perception of school stakeholders on the effect of school-home distance on students’ aca-demic performance among community secondary schools in Rorya District, Tan-zania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i01.0068
Özkan, O. S., Üzüm, B., Çakan, S., Güzel, M., & Gülbahar, Y. (2023). Exploring the out-comes of servant leadership under the mediating role of relational energy and the moderating role of other-focused in-terest. European Business Review, 35(3), 285-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2022-0218
Peñarendonda, L. (2023). Work immersion skills of grade 12 TVL students during the pandemic in Santa Cruz North Cluster, Division Of Marinduque: Basis for inter-vention program. Psychology and Educa-tion: A Multidisciplinary journal, 8(5), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885160
Pinquart, M., & Ebeling, M. (2020). Parental educational expectations and academic achievement in children and adoles-cents—a meta-analysis. Educational Psy-chology Review, 32(2), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09506-z
Rubillos-Tambis, P. J., & Matondo, F. (2024). Lived Experiences of Work Immersion Students in Housekeeping. Multicultural Education Journal. Retrieved from https://pnuminresearchportal.org/publication/index.php/mej/article/view/64
Sanjosé, V., & Otero, J. (2021). Elementary pre-service teachers’ conscious lack of knowledge about technical arte-facts. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09696-0
Tabaosares, M. C. & Castillo, A. A., (2024). As-sessing the Demographic Profile and Work Immersion Performance of Senior High School Students. International Jour-nal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 7, I3. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v7i3p116
Zhao, J., & Bodovski, K. (2020). The effect of family background and parental expecta-tions on eighth graders’ academic achievement in rural and urban Chi-na. Frontiers of Education in China, 15, 647-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11516-020-0030-8
Ador, Z. I., Banaag, H. A. C., Bombio, C. A. M., Consignado, D. N. A., Quinay, M. A. V., & Santos, J. L. C. (2023). Exploring the Work Immersion Experiences of Grade 12 STEM Students in a Local Science Inte-grated High School: A Narrative Re-search. East Asian Journal of Multidisci-plinary Research, 2(7), 3053-3078. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i7.4989
Ahmed, U., Yong, I. S. C., Pahi, M. H., & Dakhan, S. A. (2022). Does meaningful work en-compass support towards supervisory, worker and engagement relation-ship?. International Journal of Productivi-ty and Performance Management, 71(8), 3704-3723. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2020-0321
Alcobendas, J. R. (2022). Profile and Work Immersion Performance of Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) Stu-dents of Selected Implementing Schools in Subic District, Zambales, Philip-pines. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(4), 528–537. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.04.05
Amper, E. C. (2022). Exploring the experiences of senior high school students on busi-ness simulation in the new normal: Basis for a proposed intervention pro-gram. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(2), 180-203. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.02.06
Anabo, R. O. (2024). Perceptions and Teach-ers’ Experiences of Distance Learning Towards Challenges in the New Normal Education. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 17(44), 4646-4654.
Aquino A. M., & Natividad L. R., (2021). DM No. 30 s. 2021: A Step in the Right Direc-tion for Recognizing Students’ Academic Excellence? Lukad: An Online Journal of Pedagogy. 2023;3(1):112-129.
Ballouk, R., Mansour, V., Dalziel, B., & Hegazi, I. (2022). The development and valida-tion of a questionnaire to explore medical students’ learning in a blended learning environment. BMC medical education, 22, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-03045-4
Belli, J. (2024). Navigating the Challenges of Full-Immersion Programs for ELLs: The Impact on Development and Well-Being (Master's thesis, SUNY Brockport, Department of Education and Human De-velopment). http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/15770
Breinholt, A., & Holm, A. (2020). Heterogene-ous effects of less educated mothers’ fur-ther education during early childhood on children’s educational performance in adolescence. Research in Social Stratifi-cation and Mobility, 68, 100506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100506
Brin, F. S., & Malvar, R. H. (2023). INDUSTRY-ACADEME PARTNERSHIP AND PER-FORMANCE LEVEL IN WORK IMMER-SION OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARN-ERS IN CALABARZON: BASIS FOR PRO-POSED SHS WORK IMMERSION FRAMEWORK. Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Re-search, 1(3), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10416632
Budomo, X. M. (2020). Readiness and Willing-ness of the Enterprises in Accepting Work Immersion Activities of Senior High School Students. Online Submission, 9, 42-67.
Cabile Jr, D. C. (2024). Implementation of Work Immersion in the New Normal: Ba-sis for Students’ Quality Performance and Satisfaction. International Journal of Mul-tidisciplinary: Applied Business and Edu-cation Research, 5(3), 925-938. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.03.16
Chen, M. (2023). A review of the contempo-rary challenges faced by Chinese immer-sion education and its related teacher preparations in the United States. Journal of Education, 203(4), 961-970. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574221075199
Chen, Q., Chen, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2020). Impacts of boarding on primary school students’ mental health outcomes–Instrumental-Variable evidence from rural northwest-ern China. Economics & Human Biolo-gy, 39, 100920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100920
Cielo, J. S. C., & Niez, R. A. (2023). Personality Traits and Employability Skills of Grade 12 Student Interns: Basis for Enhanced School Immersion Program. OPSearch: American Journal of Open Research, 2(8), 616-634.https://doi.org/10.58811/opsearch.v2i8.69
Colbert-Getz, J. M., Kim, S., Goode, V. H., Shochet, R. B., & Wright, S. M. (2014). As-sessing medical students’ and residents’ perceptions of the learning environment: exploring validity evidence for the inter-pretation of scores from existing tools. Academic Medicine, 89(12), 1687-1693. https://doi.org10.1097/ACM.0000000000000433
Cruz, J. N. D. ., Permejo, M. M. ., & Permejo, M. M. . (2020). Workplace Skills and Compe-tencies: An Industry Partners Appraisal on Work Immersion Program Among Senior High School Learners. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(3), 41-48. https://www.al-kindipublish-er.com/index.php/jbms/article/view/855
Department of Education. DepEd Order No. 30, series of 2017, Guidelines for Work Immersion, 2017.
Dy, K. G. (2023). Internal Stakeholders’ In-volvement in Senior High School Work Immersion Program. Psychology and Ed-ucation: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(3), 375-382. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7984841
Favila, S. A., Erfe, J. P., Pimentel, M. M., Naval, D. J., Rabina, M. G., Castro, L., ... & Agustin, M. L. (2019). Ugnayan: A proposed knowledge sharing model for senior high school work immersion program. The Normal Lights, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v13i2.1388
Gregg, P., & Macmillan, L. (2010). Family in-come, education and cognitive ability in the next generation: exploring income gradients in education and test scores for current cohorts of youth. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 1(3), 259-280. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v1i3.95
https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v17i44.2466
Khongcharoen, P., & Kaewurai, W. (2023). A Second Order Confirmatory Factor Anal-ysis of Senior High School Students’ Learning and Innovation Skills Model Guidelines. Journal of Community Devel-opment Research (Humanities and Social Sciences), 16(2), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.14456/jcdr-hs.2023.16
Lim, R. A., & Arcilla Jr, F. E. (2021). Mobile as-sisted language learning: Perspectives from senior high school stu-dents. International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management, 1(2), 108-118. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5726387
Lin, M. J. (2020). The social and genetic inher-itance of educational attainment: Genes, parental education, and educational ex-pansion. Social science research, 86, 102387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102387
Lipscomb, S. T., Chandler, K. D., Abshire, C., Jaramillo, J., & Kothari, B. (2022). Early childhood teachers’ self-efficacy and pro-fessional support predict work engage-ment. Early childhood education jour-nal, 50(4), 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01182-5
Macalintal, I., & De Chavez, C. (2020). As-sessing the Senior High School Work Im-mersion with Partner Industries: Basis for Supervisory Work Plan. JPAIR Multidisci-plinary Research, 39(1), 112-129. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v39i1.763
Mahaguay, K. C. P., Mahaguay, J. M., & School, V. M. I. (2020). Difficulties encountered by TVL-ICT computer programming stu-dents in work immersion. The URSP Re-search Journal, 6(1), 37-45. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346875388
Mapalo-Mina, M. C., & Sermona, N. L. D. (2022). Challenges encountered by senior high school teachers and students during in-school work immersion. Science Inter-national (Lahore), 34(5), 413-416. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364993742
McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive Research Design: Definition, Methods and Exam-ples. Retrieved on November 24, 2020, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
Medel, D., & Salapa, A. (2023). Analysis of Fili-pino Family Households Income Classifi-cation and Expenditure Patterns Using Machine Learning. Business and Organi-zation Studies e-Journal, 1(3), 39-52. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-3571
Morrison-Smith, S., & Ruiz, J. (2020). Challeng-es and barriers in virtual teams: a litera-ture review. SN Applied Sciences, 2(6), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2801-5
Necio, C. R., Acosta, N. P., Arzaga, M. L., & Buhalog, C. J. (2022). Challenges encoun-tered and level of satisfaction of work immersion students and partners: Basis for school policy work immersion plan. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary Research and Growth Evalua-tion, 3(4), 434-440.
Nisbet, S., Haw, J., & Caldicott, J. (2022). Stu-dents as Harsh Critics: A Comparison of Student and Industry Assessment of Placement Competencies. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learn-ing, 23(1), 1-16. Available at https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1346548.pdf
Oneya, L., & Onyango, D. (2021). Perception of school stakeholders on the effect of school-home distance on students’ aca-demic performance among community secondary schools in Rorya District, Tan-zania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 2(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i01.0068
Özkan, O. S., Üzüm, B., Çakan, S., Güzel, M., & Gülbahar, Y. (2023). Exploring the out-comes of servant leadership under the mediating role of relational energy and the moderating role of other-focused in-terest. European Business Review, 35(3), 285-305. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2022-0218
Peñarendonda, L. (2023). Work immersion skills of grade 12 TVL students during the pandemic in Santa Cruz North Cluster, Division Of Marinduque: Basis for inter-vention program. Psychology and Educa-tion: A Multidisciplinary journal, 8(5), 589-604. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885160
Pinquart, M., & Ebeling, M. (2020). Parental educational expectations and academic achievement in children and adoles-cents—a meta-analysis. Educational Psy-chology Review, 32(2), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09506-z
Rubillos-Tambis, P. J., & Matondo, F. (2024). Lived Experiences of Work Immersion Students in Housekeeping. Multicultural Education Journal. Retrieved from https://pnuminresearchportal.org/publication/index.php/mej/article/view/64
Sanjosé, V., & Otero, J. (2021). Elementary pre-service teachers’ conscious lack of knowledge about technical arte-facts. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09696-0
Tabaosares, M. C. & Castillo, A. A., (2024). As-sessing the Demographic Profile and Work Immersion Performance of Senior High School Students. International Jour-nal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 7, I3. https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v7i3p116
Zhao, J., & Bodovski, K. (2020). The effect of family background and parental expecta-tions on eighth graders’ academic achievement in rural and urban Chi-na. Frontiers of Education in China, 15, 647-677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11516-020-0030-8