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Dec 12, 2021
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The research aimed to look into the strategies and approaches in teaching values education among public secondary schools in the Division of Zambales, SY 2020-2021. The researcher used the quantitative descriptive-survey research design with questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering data from the population of three hundred (300) values educational teacher.
The study revealed that the majority of Values Education teachers are female. The teachers always used Inculcation Approach as strategy in teaching Values Education. The respondents strongly agreed that the strategies in teaching Values Education was the most difficult dimension in teaching Values Education. There is significant differences on age and religious affiliation towards inculcation approach and significant on age towards Awareness Approach. No significant differences on moral reasoning approach, value clarification approach and evocation approach. Moreover, it was found that there is significant difference on age towards difficulty on contents while no significant differences on strategies and assessment respectively. There is negligible relationship between the academic performance and the strategies and approaches used in teaching values education. There is negligible relationship between the academic performance and the difficulties in teaching Values Education.
The training design is hereby proposed entitled: Training Design in Values Education on Teaching Strategies and Approaches Amidst COVID 19-Pandemic.
Based on the salient findings, the researcher recommended that head teachers and teachers in Values Education should make innovations on how Inculcation Approach in teaching the subject be more useful and effective; head teachers, principals, education specialist on Values Education of Division of Zambales may focus their In-service Trainings ways how teachers enhance the utilization and effectiveness of approaches; the teachers should look and utilize suitable techniques for Inculcation, Moral Reasoning, Awareness, Value Clarification and Evocation approaches; and head teachers and teachers are encouraged to attend national and international trainings and seminars for better understanding and improved skill in selecting appropriate strategies, on the development of learning content and assessment procedures in Values Education.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Edaño, D. C., & Meer, C. J. Q. (2021). Strategies and Approaches in Teaching Values Education Among Public Secondary School In The Division Of Zambales. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(12), 1424-1446. https://doi.org/10.11594/10.11594/ijmaber.02.12.16
References
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Agsi, B. J. (2020) Values education as the daily fostering of school rules. Research in Education, 80, 52–62.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education (2020). Disci-pline: Guidance and Counselling in Schools. Oc-tober 19, p 79
Battad (2020). Styles of parent-child interaction and moral reasoning in adolescence, Palmer Press Publishing Corporation.
Bayır, Ö, Köse, T., Deveci, H. (2016). Value Education in Primary Schools by Classroom Teacher Candi-dates. Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Education Faculty Journal. (KEFAD) Cilt 17, Sayı 3, Aralık 2016, Sayfa 317-339. Bekishev, K. (2013). Trends in development of the educational system in the Republic of Ka-zakhstan. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 83(3), 594-603
Bennett, W. (2010). What really ails America? In G. Mul-ler (Ed.), The McGraw-Hill reader (7th ed., pp. 342–346). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Bryman & Bell (2011). The Group Effect in Focus Groups: Planning, Implementing, and Interpret-ing Focus Group Research. In J. M. Morse (ed.), Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand oaks: Sage, pp. 225‑241.
Braund, M., Bennett, J., Hampden-Thompson, G., & Main, G. (2013). Teaching approach and success in A-level Biology: Comparing student attainment in context-based, concept-based and mixed ap-proaches to teaching A-level Biology. Report to the Nuffield Foundation. York: Department of Education, University of York.
Brady, D. (2011). Perception of moral atmosphere in school and norm transgressive behaviour in ado-lescents: An intervention study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(4), 289-300.
Calmorin, L.P. & Calmorin, M. A. (2002). Methods of Re-search and Thesis Writing. Rex Book Store, Inc, Sampaloc, Manila.
Chaitanya, M. (2017). Value Based Education and Meth-ods, Strategies, Approaches to impart it in Educa-tion. International Journal of Research Culture Society, 1(5), 6-10.
Casadevall, A. & Fang, F.C. (2018). Descriptive Science and Research. 76 (9): 3835–3836.
Damon, W. (2011). To not fade away: Restoring civil identity in the young. In D. Ravitch & J. Viteritti (Eds.), Making good citizens (pp. 122–141). New Haven, CT: Yale Press.
Dussault, A. (2018). 2018’s top 8 classroom challenges, according to teachers. https://www.classcraft.com/blog/8-teacher-challenges-2018/
Galang, D. (2014). Improving the quality of student learning: The influence of the learning context and student approaches to learning on learning outcomes. Higher Education, 22, 251–266.
Gawande E. N (2014). Value Oriented Education. Publish by Saroop and sons, New Delhi.
Guivernau, M., & Duda, J. L. (2002). Moral atmosphere and athletic aggressive tendencies in young soc-cer players. Journal of Moral Education, 31(1), 67-85. doi: 10.1080/03057240120111445
Hamre B, Hatfield B, Pianta R, & Jamil F. (2014). Evi-dence for general and domain-specific elements of teacher–child interactions: Associations with preschool children's development. Child Devel-opment. 2014; 85(3):1257–1274.
Muslich. H. (2012) Effects of teachers’ personality on secondary school Discipline: case study of some selected schools in Nigeria. Retrieved from http://egoboosterbooks.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/personality.pdf
Janatha, K. (2013). Rebuilding the crumbled citadel: the role of teacher educators through value educa-tion. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdiscipli-nary studies, 1(5), 1311-1317.
Jaspreet, K. (2014). Imparting human values through English language acquisition. Journal of Harmo-nized Research in Applied Sciences. 2(4) 275-278.
Jayalakshmi, T.K (2015). Curriculum in value education, Director, R.V. Educational Consortium, Banga-lore, Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritu-al Education Yadavagiri, Mysore in collaboration with National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), New Delhi. Two Four-day Residential courses in Value Orientation in Teacher Educa-tion 18-21 and 26-29 December 2015. 7.
Kasa, B. (2015). Scope of values in primary school. S. Yağan Güder (Ed.). Within the Values Education in Preschool and Primary School Period (pp.109-118). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
Kadivar, P., Kohoulat, N., Abdollahi, M., H., & Khoshbakht, F. (2016). Perception of school moral atmosphere and elementary students’ moral development. International Journal of School Health, 3(4). doi: 10.17795/intjsh-35963
Kohlberg, L. (1964). Development of moral character and moral ideology. In M. L. Hoffman & L. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Review of child development re-search, (pp. 383-431). New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior: Theory research and social issues. New York: Holt.
Kılıç, D. & Ve Babayiğit, Ö. (2017). Lost Values in Prima-ry School Students. International Journal Of Eur-asian Education And Culture, Sayı:3.
Lovat, T., Toomey, R., Dally, K. & Clement, N. (2009). Project to test and measure the impact of values education on student effects and school ambi-ence. Final Report for the Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) by The University of Newcastle. Canberra: DEEWR.
Lovat, T. J. & Clement, N.D. (2016). “The pedagogical imperative of values education”, Journal of Be-liefs & Values, 29: 3, 273 – 285.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: Inte-grating new and existing techniques. MIS Quar-terly, 35(2), 293–334. https://doi.org/10.2307/23044045
Mahamood, S.F., Tapsir, R., Saat, S., Ahmad, S.,Wahab, K.,Boon, M.H., & Rahman, K. (2012). Parental At-titude and Involvement in Children’s Education: A Study on the Parental Aspiration among Form Four Students in Selangor. Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Cen-tre for Environment-Behaviour Studies(cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Maranquil, (2018). Effective Teaching Strategies. Availa-ble at https://maranquil.wordpress.com/2010/04/03/effective-teaching-strategy/
Mc Naughton, G. (2004). Teaching young children: Choices in theory and practice. Open University Press.
Poerwati, S. (2013) Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a differ-ent method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 519-542.
Safder, M. & Hussain Ch, A. (2018). Relationship be-tween Moral Atmosphere of School and Moral Development of Secondary School Students. Bul-letin of Education and Research, v40 n3 p63-71 Dec 2018.
Molino, A. (2018). Effect of religious education on the moral development of children (Doctoral disser-tation). Institute of Education and Research, Uni-versity of the Punjab.
Miller S. E. (2021). Exploring regional differences in re-ligiosity among Muslim youth in Malaysia. Re-view of Religious Research, 47(3), 238-252.
Ohwovorione P. A. (2013) Moral education in Nigerian secondary schools: A realistic approach Standard Journal of Education and Essay Vol 1(2) pp. 35– 39, February 2013 Available online http://standresjournals.org/journals/SJERE/index.html Copyright ©2013 Standard Research Journals Accepted 21 February, 2013
Ogelman, H., Sarıkaya, H. (2015). The Opinions of Pre-school Education Teachers on Values Education: The Case of Denizli Province. Sakarya University Faculty of Education Journal; (29): 81-100.
Palmer, N. (2014). Creating school environment that deter antisocial behaviors in youth. Psychology in the Schools, 39(5), 549–559.
Ramnath, K.N. (2012). Global Trends in Teacher Educa-tion, APH publishing house. New Delhi.
Ranjani, I.V. (2013). Value -Based Education: Profes-sional Development vital towards effective inte-gration. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), Volume 1, Issue 1 (Jan. – Feb. 2013), PP 17-20.
Ryan, L. 2016). Values and teaching. (2nd. ed.) Colum-bus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company
Reyes, F. (2019). Child level correlations of teacher-students relationships. Behavioral Orientations.
Saunders, K. J., (2018). A Pedagogical Model for Ethical Inquiry into Socioscientific Issues. Research in Science Education, 43(1).
Salmas, B. & Fataar, N. (2011). Values education – What is it?’, Centre for Alleviating Social Problems Through Values Education (CAVE), available at www.valueseducation.co.u
Safder, M. & Hussain A. (2018). Relationship between Moral Atmosphere of School and Moral Devel-opment of Secondary School Students. Bulletin of Education and Research. Vol. 40, No. 3 pp. 63-71
Salaria, N. (2012). Meaning of the Term-Descriptive Sur-vey Research Method. International Journal of Transformations in Business Management http://www.ijtbm.com/(IJTBM) 2012, Vol. No. 1, Issue No. 6, Apr-JunISSN: 2231-6868International Journal of Transformations in Business Management.
Schulze, S. (2014). Teachers' Experience of the Imple-mentation of Values in Education in Schools: "Mind the Gap". South African Journal of Educa-tion, v34 n1 Article 727 2014.
Sever, B. (2015). Examination of the Values In The Third Grade Life Science Program According To The Views Of Teachers And Parents. Adana: Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences. Un-published master's thesis.
Sridhar, Y.N. (2013). Methodology of Value Education, Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Ed-ucation Yadavagiri, Mysore in collaboration with National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), New Delhi Two Four-day Residential courses in Value Orientation in Teacher Education18-21 and 26-29 December 2001.
Solomons, I. & Fataar, A. (2011). A conceptual explora-tion of values education in the context of school-ing in South Africa. South African Journal of Edu-cation Vol 31:224-232
Spurrier, A. (2020). Assessment and Accountability in the Wake of COVID-19. Making Next Year Count: Summer 2020 Accountability Series. Bellwether Education Partners, 2020. p. 1. https:/education.orgt/files/Bellwether_AccountabilityCOVID19_Final.pdf
Sridhar, A.N. (2013). Employment Relations. First Pub-lished March 4, 2014 Research Article. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X13513137
Su, R., Zhang, Q., Liu, Y., & Tay, L. (2019). Modeling con-gruence in organizational research with latent moderated structural equations. Journal of Ap-plied Psychology, 104(11), 1404–1433. https://doi. org/10.1037/apl0000411.
Stevens, V., De-Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Van-Oost, P. (2002). Relationship of the family environment to chil-dren’s involvement in bully/victim problems at school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(6), 419–428.
Turan, S. ve Aktan, D. (2008). Social Values That Are Thought To Exist and Exist In School Life.Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, Spring 2008, 6(2), 227-259
Values Education (2015). “Values Education for Austral-ian Schooling” http://www.curriculum.edu.au/values/ (Ac-cessed on 12.08.2015).
Vess, K. A., & Halbur, D. A. (2003). Character education: What counsellor educators need to know. ER-IC/CASS Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counsel-ling and Student Services Greensboro NC. Re-trieved on April 2, 2015 from http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-5/character.htm
Villnueva, M. (2018) Learning Approaches: Examination type, discipline of study, and gender. Educational Psychology, 25(1), 43-53.
Weber, F. (2017). Assessment and Accountability in the Wake of COVID-19. Making Next Year Count: Summer 2020 Accountability Series. Bellwether Education Partners, 2020. p. 1. https:/education.orgt/files/Bellwether_AccountabilityCOVID19_Final.pdf
Yalar, T., Yanpar & Yelken, T. (2011). Determining Teachers' Views Regarding Improvement of Val-ues Education and Developing a Program Module Example. Journal of Electronic Social Sciences Autumn-2011 Cilt:10 Sayı:38 (079-98).
Yaroson, M. C. (2004) Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline in Nigerian Secondary Schools, African Centre for Contemporary Studies. www. accs.org.uk
Yazar, T. (2012). The Views of Prospective Teachers on Values. Pegem Journal of Education and Training Cilt:2, Sayı:1
Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Kaur, G. (2014). Teachers’ self-concept and valuing of learning: relations with teaching approaches and beliefs about stu-dents. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, (ahead-of-print), 1-16.
Yogini S.B. (2014). Role of a Teacher in imparting Value, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) p 13-15 .
Yıldırım, K. (2009). Values education experiences of Turkish class teachers: A phenomeonological approach. Eurasian Journal of Educational Re-search, 35, 165-184.Yogini, B.S. (2014). Role of a Teacher in imparting Value, IOSR Journal of Hu-manities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) PP 13-15
Agsi, B. J. (2020) Values education as the daily fostering of school rules. Research in Education, 80, 52–62.
Australian Journal of Teacher Education (2020). Disci-pline: Guidance and Counselling in Schools. Oc-tober 19, p 79
Battad (2020). Styles of parent-child interaction and moral reasoning in adolescence, Palmer Press Publishing Corporation.
Bayır, Ö, Köse, T., Deveci, H. (2016). Value Education in Primary Schools by Classroom Teacher Candi-dates. Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Education Faculty Journal. (KEFAD) Cilt 17, Sayı 3, Aralık 2016, Sayfa 317-339. Bekishev, K. (2013). Trends in development of the educational system in the Republic of Ka-zakhstan. Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 83(3), 594-603
Bennett, W. (2010). What really ails America? In G. Mul-ler (Ed.), The McGraw-Hill reader (7th ed., pp. 342–346). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Bryman & Bell (2011). The Group Effect in Focus Groups: Planning, Implementing, and Interpret-ing Focus Group Research. In J. M. Morse (ed.), Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand oaks: Sage, pp. 225‑241.
Braund, M., Bennett, J., Hampden-Thompson, G., & Main, G. (2013). Teaching approach and success in A-level Biology: Comparing student attainment in context-based, concept-based and mixed ap-proaches to teaching A-level Biology. Report to the Nuffield Foundation. York: Department of Education, University of York.
Brady, D. (2011). Perception of moral atmosphere in school and norm transgressive behaviour in ado-lescents: An intervention study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(4), 289-300.
Calmorin, L.P. & Calmorin, M. A. (2002). Methods of Re-search and Thesis Writing. Rex Book Store, Inc, Sampaloc, Manila.
Chaitanya, M. (2017). Value Based Education and Meth-ods, Strategies, Approaches to impart it in Educa-tion. International Journal of Research Culture Society, 1(5), 6-10.
Casadevall, A. & Fang, F.C. (2018). Descriptive Science and Research. 76 (9): 3835–3836.
Damon, W. (2011). To not fade away: Restoring civil identity in the young. In D. Ravitch & J. Viteritti (Eds.), Making good citizens (pp. 122–141). New Haven, CT: Yale Press.
Dussault, A. (2018). 2018’s top 8 classroom challenges, according to teachers. https://www.classcraft.com/blog/8-teacher-challenges-2018/
Galang, D. (2014). Improving the quality of student learning: The influence of the learning context and student approaches to learning on learning outcomes. Higher Education, 22, 251–266.
Gawande E. N (2014). Value Oriented Education. Publish by Saroop and sons, New Delhi.
Guivernau, M., & Duda, J. L. (2002). Moral atmosphere and athletic aggressive tendencies in young soc-cer players. Journal of Moral Education, 31(1), 67-85. doi: 10.1080/03057240120111445
Hamre B, Hatfield B, Pianta R, & Jamil F. (2014). Evi-dence for general and domain-specific elements of teacher–child interactions: Associations with preschool children's development. Child Devel-opment. 2014; 85(3):1257–1274.
Muslich. H. (2012) Effects of teachers’ personality on secondary school Discipline: case study of some selected schools in Nigeria. Retrieved from http://egoboosterbooks.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/personality.pdf
Janatha, K. (2013). Rebuilding the crumbled citadel: the role of teacher educators through value educa-tion. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdiscipli-nary studies, 1(5), 1311-1317.
Jaspreet, K. (2014). Imparting human values through English language acquisition. Journal of Harmo-nized Research in Applied Sciences. 2(4) 275-278.
Jayalakshmi, T.K (2015). Curriculum in value education, Director, R.V. Educational Consortium, Banga-lore, Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritu-al Education Yadavagiri, Mysore in collaboration with National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), New Delhi. Two Four-day Residential courses in Value Orientation in Teacher Educa-tion 18-21 and 26-29 December 2015. 7.
Kasa, B. (2015). Scope of values in primary school. S. Yağan Güder (Ed.). Within the Values Education in Preschool and Primary School Period (pp.109-118). Ankara: Eğiten Kitap.
Kadivar, P., Kohoulat, N., Abdollahi, M., H., & Khoshbakht, F. (2016). Perception of school moral atmosphere and elementary students’ moral development. International Journal of School Health, 3(4). doi: 10.17795/intjsh-35963
Kohlberg, L. (1964). Development of moral character and moral ideology. In M. L. Hoffman & L. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Review of child development re-search, (pp. 383-431). New York: Russel Sage Foundation.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral development and behavior: Theory research and social issues. New York: Holt.
Kılıç, D. & Ve Babayiğit, Ö. (2017). Lost Values in Prima-ry School Students. International Journal Of Eur-asian Education And Culture, Sayı:3.
Lovat, T., Toomey, R., Dally, K. & Clement, N. (2009). Project to test and measure the impact of values education on student effects and school ambi-ence. Final Report for the Australian Government Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) by The University of Newcastle. Canberra: DEEWR.
Lovat, T. J. & Clement, N.D. (2016). “The pedagogical imperative of values education”, Journal of Be-liefs & Values, 29: 3, 273 – 285.
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: Inte-grating new and existing techniques. MIS Quar-terly, 35(2), 293–334. https://doi.org/10.2307/23044045
Mahamood, S.F., Tapsir, R., Saat, S., Ahmad, S.,Wahab, K.,Boon, M.H., & Rahman, K. (2012). Parental At-titude and Involvement in Children’s Education: A Study on the Parental Aspiration among Form Four Students in Selangor. Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Cen-tre for Environment-Behaviour Studies(cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Maranquil, (2018). Effective Teaching Strategies. Availa-ble at https://maranquil.wordpress.com/2010/04/03/effective-teaching-strategy/
Mc Naughton, G. (2004). Teaching young children: Choices in theory and practice. Open University Press.
Poerwati, S. (2013) Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a differ-ent method of measurement. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 519-542.
Safder, M. & Hussain Ch, A. (2018). Relationship be-tween Moral Atmosphere of School and Moral Development of Secondary School Students. Bul-letin of Education and Research, v40 n3 p63-71 Dec 2018.
Molino, A. (2018). Effect of religious education on the moral development of children (Doctoral disser-tation). Institute of Education and Research, Uni-versity of the Punjab.
Miller S. E. (2021). Exploring regional differences in re-ligiosity among Muslim youth in Malaysia. Re-view of Religious Research, 47(3), 238-252.
Ohwovorione P. A. (2013) Moral education in Nigerian secondary schools: A realistic approach Standard Journal of Education and Essay Vol 1(2) pp. 35– 39, February 2013 Available online http://standresjournals.org/journals/SJERE/index.html Copyright ©2013 Standard Research Journals Accepted 21 February, 2013
Ogelman, H., Sarıkaya, H. (2015). The Opinions of Pre-school Education Teachers on Values Education: The Case of Denizli Province. Sakarya University Faculty of Education Journal; (29): 81-100.
Palmer, N. (2014). Creating school environment that deter antisocial behaviors in youth. Psychology in the Schools, 39(5), 549–559.
Ramnath, K.N. (2012). Global Trends in Teacher Educa-tion, APH publishing house. New Delhi.
Ranjani, I.V. (2013). Value -Based Education: Profes-sional Development vital towards effective inte-gration. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), Volume 1, Issue 1 (Jan. – Feb. 2013), PP 17-20.
Ryan, L. 2016). Values and teaching. (2nd. ed.) Colum-bus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company
Reyes, F. (2019). Child level correlations of teacher-students relationships. Behavioral Orientations.
Saunders, K. J., (2018). A Pedagogical Model for Ethical Inquiry into Socioscientific Issues. Research in Science Education, 43(1).
Salmas, B. & Fataar, N. (2011). Values education – What is it?’, Centre for Alleviating Social Problems Through Values Education (CAVE), available at www.valueseducation.co.u
Safder, M. & Hussain A. (2018). Relationship between Moral Atmosphere of School and Moral Devel-opment of Secondary School Students. Bulletin of Education and Research. Vol. 40, No. 3 pp. 63-71
Salaria, N. (2012). Meaning of the Term-Descriptive Sur-vey Research Method. International Journal of Transformations in Business Management http://www.ijtbm.com/(IJTBM) 2012, Vol. No. 1, Issue No. 6, Apr-JunISSN: 2231-6868International Journal of Transformations in Business Management.
Schulze, S. (2014). Teachers' Experience of the Imple-mentation of Values in Education in Schools: "Mind the Gap". South African Journal of Educa-tion, v34 n1 Article 727 2014.
Sever, B. (2015). Examination of the Values In The Third Grade Life Science Program According To The Views Of Teachers And Parents. Adana: Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences. Un-published master's thesis.
Sridhar, Y.N. (2013). Methodology of Value Education, Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Ed-ucation Yadavagiri, Mysore in collaboration with National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), New Delhi Two Four-day Residential courses in Value Orientation in Teacher Education18-21 and 26-29 December 2001.
Solomons, I. & Fataar, A. (2011). A conceptual explora-tion of values education in the context of school-ing in South Africa. South African Journal of Edu-cation Vol 31:224-232
Spurrier, A. (2020). Assessment and Accountability in the Wake of COVID-19. Making Next Year Count: Summer 2020 Accountability Series. Bellwether Education Partners, 2020. p. 1. https:/education.orgt/files/Bellwether_AccountabilityCOVID19_Final.pdf
Sridhar, A.N. (2013). Employment Relations. First Pub-lished March 4, 2014 Research Article. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X13513137
Su, R., Zhang, Q., Liu, Y., & Tay, L. (2019). Modeling con-gruence in organizational research with latent moderated structural equations. Journal of Ap-plied Psychology, 104(11), 1404–1433. https://doi. org/10.1037/apl0000411.
Stevens, V., De-Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Van-Oost, P. (2002). Relationship of the family environment to chil-dren’s involvement in bully/victim problems at school. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(6), 419–428.
Turan, S. ve Aktan, D. (2008). Social Values That Are Thought To Exist and Exist In School Life.Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, Spring 2008, 6(2), 227-259
Values Education (2015). “Values Education for Austral-ian Schooling” http://www.curriculum.edu.au/values/ (Ac-cessed on 12.08.2015).
Vess, K. A., & Halbur, D. A. (2003). Character education: What counsellor educators need to know. ER-IC/CASS Digest. ERIC Clearinghouse on Counsel-ling and Student Services Greensboro NC. Re-trieved on April 2, 2015 from http://www.ericdigests.org/2003-5/character.htm
Villnueva, M. (2018) Learning Approaches: Examination type, discipline of study, and gender. Educational Psychology, 25(1), 43-53.
Weber, F. (2017). Assessment and Accountability in the Wake of COVID-19. Making Next Year Count: Summer 2020 Accountability Series. Bellwether Education Partners, 2020. p. 1. https:/education.orgt/files/Bellwether_AccountabilityCOVID19_Final.pdf
Yalar, T., Yanpar & Yelken, T. (2011). Determining Teachers' Views Regarding Improvement of Val-ues Education and Developing a Program Module Example. Journal of Electronic Social Sciences Autumn-2011 Cilt:10 Sayı:38 (079-98).
Yaroson, M. C. (2004) Strategies for Curbing Indiscipline in Nigerian Secondary Schools, African Centre for Contemporary Studies. www. accs.org.uk
Yazar, T. (2012). The Views of Prospective Teachers on Values. Pegem Journal of Education and Training Cilt:2, Sayı:1
Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Kaur, G. (2014). Teachers’ self-concept and valuing of learning: relations with teaching approaches and beliefs about stu-dents. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, (ahead-of-print), 1-16.
Yogini S.B. (2014). Role of a Teacher in imparting Value, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) p 13-15 .
Yıldırım, K. (2009). Values education experiences of Turkish class teachers: A phenomeonological approach. Eurasian Journal of Educational Re-search, 35, 165-184.Yogini, B.S. (2014). Role of a Teacher in imparting Value, IOSR Journal of Hu-manities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) PP 13-15