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Abstract
Issues on plagiarism among pre-service teachers (PSTs) have increased in modular and online learning. To confirm this, the study determined the PSTs’ level of awareness on plagiarism; their knowledge on referencing and citation; and the correlation between their level of awareness on plagiarism and knowledge on referencing and citation, with their academic performance. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design participated by 235 PSTs randomly sampled through strata. The data were gathered through a web-based survey. Results showed that the PSTs’ level of awareness of plagiarism was moderate, while the majority have fair knowledge in referencing and citation. Also, results showed a significant relationship among the level of awareness on plagiarism, knowledge on referencing and citation, and academic performance. It is recommended that institutions equip librarians and educators to teach PSTs about citation and referencing skills. Besides, the institution should make sure that a policy is implemented to pursue academic integrity. This policy must articulate the various types of plagiarism, plagiarism measurement, and fair and consistent disciplinary actions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Bautista, R. M., & Pentang, J. T. (2022). Ctrl C + Ctrl V: Plagiarism and Knowledge on Referencing and Citation among Pre-service Teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(2), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.02.10
References
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Babaii, E., & Nejadghanbar, H. (2017). Plagiarism among Iranian graduate students of language studies: Perspectives and causes. Ethics & Behavior, 27(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1138864
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 corona-virus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogi-cal Research, 5(4), em0060. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
Bruton, S., & Childers, D. (2016). The ethics and politics of policing plagiarism: A qualitative study of facul-ty views on student plagiarism and Turnitin. As-sessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(2), 316-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1008981
Chien, S. C. (2016). Taiwanese college students’ percep-tions of plagiarism: Cultural and educational con-siderations. Ethics & Behavior, 27(2), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1136219
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Method in Education (6th ed.). Routledge. https://gtu.ge/Agro-Lib/RESEARCH%20METHOD%20COHEN%20ok.pdf
Curtis, G., & Popal, R. (2011). An examination of factors related to plagiarism and a five-year follow-up of plagiarism at an Australian university. Interna-tional Journal for Educational Integrity, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21913/IJEI.v7i1.742
Diaz, J. C. T., Montoliu, J. M. D., & Becerra, M. H. (2018). Plagiarism, internet, and academic success at the university. Journal of New Approaches in Educa-tional Research, 7(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2018.7.324
Ehrich, J., Howard, S. J., Mu, C., & Bokosmaty, S. (2016). A comparison of Chinese and Australian university students’ attitudes towards plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 41(2), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.927850
Ellis, C., Zucker, I. M., & Randall, D. (2018). The infernal business of contract cheating: Understanding the business processes and models of academic cus-tom writing sites. International Journal for Educa-tional Integrity, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0024-3
Forsyth, R. P., Aleksieva, L., & Yovkova, B. (2018). The impact of technology on cheating and plagiarism in the assessment - the teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Applications of Mathematics in En-gineering and Economics. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082055
Gasparyan, A. Y., Nurmashev, B., Seksenbayev, B., Trukhachev, V. I., Kostyukova, E. I., & Kitas, G. D. (2017). Plagiarism in the context of education and evolving detection strategies. Journal of Korean medical science, 32(8), 1220-1227. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1220
Harper, R., Bretag, T., & Rundle, K. (2020). Detecting contract cheating: examining the role of assess-ment type. Higher Education Research & Develop-ment, 40(2), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1724899
Jereb, E., Perc, M., Lammlein, B., Jerebic J., Urh, M., Pod-bregar, I. Sprajc, P. (2018). Factors influencing plagiarism in higher education: A comparison of German and Slovene students. PLoS ONE, 13(8): e0202252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202252
Kocak, F., & Ozbek, O. (2016). Views of postgraduate students regarding research ethics in Turkey. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 3560-3570. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3780
Lederman, D. (2020, March 18). Will shift to remote teaching be a boon or bane for inline learning? In-side Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2020/03/18/most-teaching-going-remote-will-help-or-hurt-online-learning
Levine, J., & Pazdernik, V. (2018). Evaluation of a four-prong anti-plagiarism program and the incidence of plagiarism: A five-year retrospective study. As-sessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(7), 1094-1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1434127
Libguides. (2021). Referencing & plagiarism awareness. Prifysgol Aberystwyth University. https://libguides.aber.ac.uk/c.php?g=676952&p=4823314
Lines, L. (2016). Ghostwriters guaranteeing grades? The quality of online ghostwriting services available to tertiary students in Australia. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(8), 889-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1198759
Magulod, G. C., Jr., Capulso, L. B., Delos Reyes, R. J. V., Luna, A. R. F., Orte, C. J. S., Maglente, S. S., Pentang, J. T., Olitres, B. J. D., Vidal, C. J. E., & Samosa, R. C. (2021). How to write and publish your thesis. Be-yond Books Publication.
Malesky Jr. A., Baley, J., & Crow, R. (2016) Academic dis-honesty: Assessing the threat of cheating compa-nies to online education. College Teaching, 64(4), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1133558
Mchaney, R., Cronan, T. P., & Douglas, D. E. (2016). Aca-demic integrity: Information systems education perspective. Journal of Information Systems Educa-tion, 27(3), 153-158. https://aisel.aisnet.org/jise/vol27/iss3/1
Morris, E. (2018). Academic integrity matters five con-siderations for addressing contract cheating. In-ternational Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(15). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-018-0038-5
Muzata, K. K., & Banja, M. K. (2019). Preparation of stu-dents in academic referencing and citation: The case of School of Education students at the Uni-versity of Zambia. Zambia Journal of Library & In-formation Science, 3(1-2), 67-89.
Naumeca, A. A., Birzniece, I., & Odineca, T. (2020). Stu-dents’ awareness of the academic integrity policy at a Latvian university. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-020-00064-4
Negre, J. S., Forgas, R. C., & Trobat, M. F. O. (2015). Aca-demic plagiarism among secondary and high school students: Differences in gender and pro-crastination. Comunicar, 22(44), 103-110. http://hdl.handle.net/11201/152380
Pentang, J. T. (2021a). Technological dimensions of globalization across organizations: Inferences for instruction and research. International Education-al Scientific Research Journal, 7(7), 28-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3896459
Pentang, J. T. (2021b). Quantitative data analysis. Holy Angel University Graduate School of Education: Research and academic writing. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23906.45764/1
Pentang, J. T., Ibañez, E. D., Subia, G. S., Domingo, J. G., Gamit, A. M., & Pascual, L. E. (2021). Problem-Solving performance and skills of prospective el-ementary teachers in Northern Philippines. Jour-nal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(1), 122-132. http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/500
Romanowski, M. H. (2021). Preservice teachers’ percep-tion of plagiarism: A case from a college of educa-tion. Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09395-4
Sangster, A., Stoner, G., & Flood, B. (2020). Insights into accounting education in a COVID-19 world. Ac-counting Education, 29(5), 431-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2020.1808487
Selemani, A., Chawinga, W. D., & Dube, G. (2018). Why do postgraduate students commit plagiarism? An empirical study. International Journal for Educa-tional Integrity, 14(7), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-018-0029-6
Sithole, A., Chiyaka, E. T., McCarthy, P., Mupinga, D. M., Bucklein, B. K., & Kibirige, J. (2019). Student at-traction, persistence and retention in STEM pro-grams: successes and continuing challenges. High-er Education Studies, 7(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n1p46
Sprajc, P., Urh, M., Jerebic, J., Trivan D., Jereb, E. (2017). Reason for plagiarism in higher education. Organi-zacija, 50(1) 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0002
Tabuena, A. C., & Pentang, J. T. (2021). Learning motiva-tion and utilization of virtual media in learning mathematics. Asia-Africa Journal of Recent Scien-tific Research, 1, 65-75. https://journals.iapaar.com/index.php/AAJRSR/article/view/20
Torres-Díaz J., Duart J., Gómez-Alvarado, H., Marín-Gutiérrez, I., Segarra-Faggioni, V. (2016). Usos de Internet y éxito académico en estudiantes univer-sitarios (Internet Use and Academic Success in University Students). Comunicar Media Education Research Journal, 26(48), 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C48-2016-06
Turnitin. (2019). Understanding possible root to plagia-rism. https://www.turnitin.com/blog/3-reasons-students-may-struggle-with-citation
University of New South Wales. (2019). Support for Ref-erencing Assignment. https://student.unsw.edu.au/referencing
Yu, H., Glanzer, P. L., Sriram, R., Johnson, B. R., & Moore, B. (2017). What contributes to college students’ cheating? A study of individual factors. Ethics & Behavior, 27(5), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1169535
Asunka, S. (2013). Helping students avoid plagiarism in online courses: A design-based research approach. In K. Beycioglu (Eds.), Ethical technology use, poli-cy, and reactions in educational settings (pp. 256-273). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1882-4.ch021
Babaii, E., & Nejadghanbar, H. (2017). Plagiarism among Iranian graduate students of language studies: Perspectives and causes. Ethics & Behavior, 27(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1138864
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to online education in schools during a SARS-CoV-2 corona-virus (COVID-19) pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogi-cal Research, 5(4), em0060. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/7937
Bruton, S., & Childers, D. (2016). The ethics and politics of policing plagiarism: A qualitative study of facul-ty views on student plagiarism and Turnitin. As-sessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(2), 316-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1008981
Chien, S. C. (2016). Taiwanese college students’ percep-tions of plagiarism: Cultural and educational con-siderations. Ethics & Behavior, 27(2), 118-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1136219
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Method in Education (6th ed.). Routledge. https://gtu.ge/Agro-Lib/RESEARCH%20METHOD%20COHEN%20ok.pdf
Curtis, G., & Popal, R. (2011). An examination of factors related to plagiarism and a five-year follow-up of plagiarism at an Australian university. Interna-tional Journal for Educational Integrity, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21913/IJEI.v7i1.742
Diaz, J. C. T., Montoliu, J. M. D., & Becerra, M. H. (2018). Plagiarism, internet, and academic success at the university. Journal of New Approaches in Educa-tional Research, 7(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2018.7.324
Ehrich, J., Howard, S. J., Mu, C., & Bokosmaty, S. (2016). A comparison of Chinese and Australian university students’ attitudes towards plagiarism. Studies in Higher Education, 41(2), 231-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.927850
Ellis, C., Zucker, I. M., & Randall, D. (2018). The infernal business of contract cheating: Understanding the business processes and models of academic cus-tom writing sites. International Journal for Educa-tional Integrity, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-017-0024-3
Forsyth, R. P., Aleksieva, L., & Yovkova, B. (2018). The impact of technology on cheating and plagiarism in the assessment - the teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Applications of Mathematics in En-gineering and Economics. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082055
Gasparyan, A. Y., Nurmashev, B., Seksenbayev, B., Trukhachev, V. I., Kostyukova, E. I., & Kitas, G. D. (2017). Plagiarism in the context of education and evolving detection strategies. Journal of Korean medical science, 32(8), 1220-1227. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1220
Harper, R., Bretag, T., & Rundle, K. (2020). Detecting contract cheating: examining the role of assess-ment type. Higher Education Research & Develop-ment, 40(2), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1724899
Jereb, E., Perc, M., Lammlein, B., Jerebic J., Urh, M., Pod-bregar, I. Sprajc, P. (2018). Factors influencing plagiarism in higher education: A comparison of German and Slovene students. PLoS ONE, 13(8): e0202252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202252
Kocak, F., & Ozbek, O. (2016). Views of postgraduate students regarding research ethics in Turkey. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(2), 3560-3570. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i2.3780
Lederman, D. (2020, March 18). Will shift to remote teaching be a boon or bane for inline learning? In-side Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2020/03/18/most-teaching-going-remote-will-help-or-hurt-online-learning
Levine, J., & Pazdernik, V. (2018). Evaluation of a four-prong anti-plagiarism program and the incidence of plagiarism: A five-year retrospective study. As-sessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(7), 1094-1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1434127
Libguides. (2021). Referencing & plagiarism awareness. Prifysgol Aberystwyth University. https://libguides.aber.ac.uk/c.php?g=676952&p=4823314
Lines, L. (2016). Ghostwriters guaranteeing grades? The quality of online ghostwriting services available to tertiary students in Australia. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(8), 889-914. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1198759
Magulod, G. C., Jr., Capulso, L. B., Delos Reyes, R. J. V., Luna, A. R. F., Orte, C. J. S., Maglente, S. S., Pentang, J. T., Olitres, B. J. D., Vidal, C. J. E., & Samosa, R. C. (2021). How to write and publish your thesis. Be-yond Books Publication.
Malesky Jr. A., Baley, J., & Crow, R. (2016) Academic dis-honesty: Assessing the threat of cheating compa-nies to online education. College Teaching, 64(4), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1133558
Mchaney, R., Cronan, T. P., & Douglas, D. E. (2016). Aca-demic integrity: Information systems education perspective. Journal of Information Systems Educa-tion, 27(3), 153-158. https://aisel.aisnet.org/jise/vol27/iss3/1
Morris, E. (2018). Academic integrity matters five con-siderations for addressing contract cheating. In-ternational Journal for Educational Integrity, 14(15). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-018-0038-5
Muzata, K. K., & Banja, M. K. (2019). Preparation of stu-dents in academic referencing and citation: The case of School of Education students at the Uni-versity of Zambia. Zambia Journal of Library & In-formation Science, 3(1-2), 67-89.
Naumeca, A. A., Birzniece, I., & Odineca, T. (2020). Stu-dents’ awareness of the academic integrity policy at a Latvian university. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-020-00064-4
Negre, J. S., Forgas, R. C., & Trobat, M. F. O. (2015). Aca-demic plagiarism among secondary and high school students: Differences in gender and pro-crastination. Comunicar, 22(44), 103-110. http://hdl.handle.net/11201/152380
Pentang, J. T. (2021a). Technological dimensions of globalization across organizations: Inferences for instruction and research. International Education-al Scientific Research Journal, 7(7), 28-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3896459
Pentang, J. T. (2021b). Quantitative data analysis. Holy Angel University Graduate School of Education: Research and academic writing. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23906.45764/1
Pentang, J. T., Ibañez, E. D., Subia, G. S., Domingo, J. G., Gamit, A. M., & Pascual, L. E. (2021). Problem-Solving performance and skills of prospective el-ementary teachers in Northern Philippines. Jour-nal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(1), 122-132. http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/500
Romanowski, M. H. (2021). Preservice teachers’ percep-tion of plagiarism: A case from a college of educa-tion. Journal of Academic Ethics, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-021-09395-4
Sangster, A., Stoner, G., & Flood, B. (2020). Insights into accounting education in a COVID-19 world. Ac-counting Education, 29(5), 431-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2020.1808487
Selemani, A., Chawinga, W. D., & Dube, G. (2018). Why do postgraduate students commit plagiarism? An empirical study. International Journal for Educa-tional Integrity, 14(7), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-018-0029-6
Sithole, A., Chiyaka, E. T., McCarthy, P., Mupinga, D. M., Bucklein, B. K., & Kibirige, J. (2019). Student at-traction, persistence and retention in STEM pro-grams: successes and continuing challenges. High-er Education Studies, 7(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n1p46
Sprajc, P., Urh, M., Jerebic, J., Trivan D., Jereb, E. (2017). Reason for plagiarism in higher education. Organi-zacija, 50(1) 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0002
Tabuena, A. C., & Pentang, J. T. (2021). Learning motiva-tion and utilization of virtual media in learning mathematics. Asia-Africa Journal of Recent Scien-tific Research, 1, 65-75. https://journals.iapaar.com/index.php/AAJRSR/article/view/20
Torres-Díaz J., Duart J., Gómez-Alvarado, H., Marín-Gutiérrez, I., Segarra-Faggioni, V. (2016). Usos de Internet y éxito académico en estudiantes univer-sitarios (Internet Use and Academic Success in University Students). Comunicar Media Education Research Journal, 26(48), 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C48-2016-06
Turnitin. (2019). Understanding possible root to plagia-rism. https://www.turnitin.com/blog/3-reasons-students-may-struggle-with-citation
University of New South Wales. (2019). Support for Ref-erencing Assignment. https://student.unsw.edu.au/referencing
Yu, H., Glanzer, P. L., Sriram, R., Johnson, B. R., & Moore, B. (2017). What contributes to college students’ cheating? A study of individual factors. Ethics & Behavior, 27(5), 401-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2016.1169535