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Dec 18, 2022
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Abstract
This study aims to explore how to deliver a transformational learning experience in an online classroom. Using qualitative action research, it examined expectations and experience of learners who participated in an online event marketing undergraduate course for a term. This study finds that experiential lessons, such as storytelling lectures and collaborative project requirements, and the teacher’s caring attitude and enthusiasm help learners master concepts, enhance skills, and develop positive attitudes, values, and beliefs towards learning. It also finds that teachers should focus on nurturing learner engagement to keep them motivated and persist in the course. This study contributes to the discussion on event marketing and management pedagogy, transformational teaching, and transformative learning experience.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Vergara, R. A. (2022). Delivering A Transformational Learning Experience Online. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(12), 2726-2737. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.12.24
References
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Becker L (2018) Methodological proposals for the study of consumer experience. Qualitative market re-search: An international journal 21(4): 465-490.
Berridge G. Designing event experiences. In Page SJ, Connell J eds (2020) The Routledge handbook of events: 378-395. Routledge.
Burns A (2005) Action research: An evolving paradigm? Language teaching 38(2), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444805002661
Burns A (2015) Action research. In The Cambridge guide to research in language teaching and learning. Ed-ited by Brown JD Coombe C. 1st Edition. Cambridge University Press. 99-104.
Cercone, K. (2008). Characteristics of adult learners with implications for online learning design. AACE re-view (formerly AACE Journal)16(2): 137-159.
Conde MÁ, Fernández C. Alves,J. Ramos,MJ, Celis-Tena S, Gonçalves J, Lima J, Reimann D, Jormanainen I, Peñalvo FJG (2019). RoboSTEAM-A Challenge based learning approach for integrating STEAM and develop computational thinking. In Proceed-ings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multicul-turality: 16 October 2019 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3362789.3362893
Csikszentmihalyi M (1975) Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of humanistic psychology 15(3): 41–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216787501500306
Csikszentmihalyi M (2008) Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Collins.
Deci EL, Ryan RM A motivational approach to self: Inte-gration in personality. In Dienstbier RA eds (1991), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1990: Perspectives on motivation: 237–288. Uni-versity of Nebraska Press.
D'Mello S (2013) A selective meta-analysis on the rela-tive incidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology. Journal of educational psychology, 105(4), 1082-1099. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032674
Dolan P (2014) Happiness by design: Finding pleasure and purpose in everyday life. Penguin UK.
Finlay MJ, Tinnion DJ, Simpson T (2022) A virtual versus blended learning approach to higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experiences of a sport and exercise science student cohort. Journal of hospitality, leisure, sport & tourism ed-ucation 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100363
Freire P (1970) Cultural action and conscientization. Harvard educational review, 40(3), 452-477. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.40.3.h76250x720j43175
Freire P (1970) Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Herter and Herter.
Holbrook MB, Hirschman EC (1982) The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feel-ings, and fun. Journal of consumer research, 9(2): 132-140.
Kenten C (2010) Narrating oneself: Reflections on the use of solicited diaries with diary interviews. Fo-rum: Qualitative social research 11(2). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-11.2.1314
Kinni T (2011) Be our guest: Revised and updated edi-tion: Perfecting the art of customer service. Dis-ney.
Kirillova, K., & Au, W. C. (2020). How do tourism and hospitality students find the path to research?. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 20(4), 284-307.
Kitchenham A (2008) The evolution of John Mezirow's transformative learning theory. Journal of trans-formative education. 6(2): 104-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344608322678
Kolb DA (1984) Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Leijon M, Gudmundsson P, Staaf P, Christersson C (2021). Challenge based learning in higher educa-tion–A systematic literature review. Innovations in education and teaching international 59(5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2021.1892503
Lucardie, D (2014) The impact of fun and enjoyment on adult's learning. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences 142: 439-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.696
Malmqvist J, Rådberg KK, Lundqvist U (2015) Compara-tive analysis of challenge-based learning experi-ences. In Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu University of Infor-mation Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China: 8 June 2015 87-94.
McKeachie W, Svinicki M (2013) McKeachie's teaching tips. 14th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Mezirow J (1978) Education for Perspective Transfor-mation. Women's Re-entry Programs in Communi-ty Colleges. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Mezirow J (1978) Perspective transformation. Adult education. 28(2): 100-110.
Mezirow J (1991) Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mezirow J (1997) Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New directions for adult and continuing education. 1997(74): 5-12.
Nichols M, Cator K (2008) Challenge based learning. White paper. Cupertino, California: Apple. https://www.challengebasedlearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/CBL_Paper_2008.pdf
Palmer A (2010) Customer experience management: a critical review of an emerging idea. Journal of ser-vices marketing 24(3): 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041011040604
Pine BJ, Gilmore J (1998) Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard business review. July-August: 98-105. https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy
Robertson, DL (1996) Facilitating transformative learn-ing: Attending to the dynamics of the educational helping relationship. Adult education quarterly. 47(1): 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369604700104
Rong-Da Liang, A (2021) Examining the factors of expe-riential learning and teaching style: A case study of a hospitality and tourism program. Journal of hos-pitality, leisure, sport & tourism education 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100332
Rossman JR, Duerden MD (2019) Designing experiences. Columbia University Press.
Ryan RM, & Grolnick WS (1986) Origins and pawns in the classroom: Self-report and projective assess-ments of individual differences in children's per-ceptions. Journal of personality and social psy-chology 50(3): 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.550
Ryan RM, Deci EL (2000) Intrinsic and extrinsic motiva-tions: Classic definitions and new directions. Con-temporary educational psychology 25(1): 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan RM, Deci EL (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motiva-tions: Classic definitions and new directions. Con-temporary educational psychology, 25(1): 54-67.
Seligman ME (2004) Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.
Slavich GM, Zimbardo PG (2012) Transformational teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic princi-ples, and core methods. Educational psychology review. 24(4): 569-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-012-9199-6
White SK, Nitkin MR (2014) Creating a Transformational Learning Experience: Immersing Students in an In-tensive Interdisciplinary Learning Environment. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teach-ing and Learning. 8(2): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2014.080203
Woolfolk A, Shaughnessy MF (2004) An interview with Anita Woolfolk: The educational psychology of teacher efficacy. Educational psychology review 16(2): 153-176.
Baloian N, Hoeksema K, Hoppe U, Milrad M. Technolo-gies and educational activities for supporting and implementing challenge-based learning. In Educa-tion for the 21st Century — Impact of ICT and Dig-ital Resources. IFIP WCC TC3 2006. IFIP Interna-tional Federation for Information Processing, vol 210. : Edited by Kumar D, Turner J. Springer, Bos-ton, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34731-8_2
Baumgartner LM. In: S. B. Merriamed (2001) The new update on adult learning theory 89: 15–24. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Becker L (2018) Methodological proposals for the study of consumer experience. Qualitative market re-search: An international journal 21(4): 465-490.
Berridge G. Designing event experiences. In Page SJ, Connell J eds (2020) The Routledge handbook of events: 378-395. Routledge.
Burns A (2005) Action research: An evolving paradigm? Language teaching 38(2), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444805002661
Burns A (2015) Action research. In The Cambridge guide to research in language teaching and learning. Ed-ited by Brown JD Coombe C. 1st Edition. Cambridge University Press. 99-104.
Cercone, K. (2008). Characteristics of adult learners with implications for online learning design. AACE re-view (formerly AACE Journal)16(2): 137-159.
Conde MÁ, Fernández C. Alves,J. Ramos,MJ, Celis-Tena S, Gonçalves J, Lima J, Reimann D, Jormanainen I, Peñalvo FJG (2019). RoboSTEAM-A Challenge based learning approach for integrating STEAM and develop computational thinking. In Proceed-ings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multicul-turality: 16 October 2019 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1145/3362789.3362893
Csikszentmihalyi M (1975) Play and intrinsic rewards. Journal of humanistic psychology 15(3): 41–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/002216787501500306
Csikszentmihalyi M (2008) Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Collins.
Deci EL, Ryan RM A motivational approach to self: Inte-gration in personality. In Dienstbier RA eds (1991), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1990: Perspectives on motivation: 237–288. Uni-versity of Nebraska Press.
D'Mello S (2013) A selective meta-analysis on the rela-tive incidence of discrete affective states during learning with technology. Journal of educational psychology, 105(4), 1082-1099. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032674
Dolan P (2014) Happiness by design: Finding pleasure and purpose in everyday life. Penguin UK.
Finlay MJ, Tinnion DJ, Simpson T (2022) A virtual versus blended learning approach to higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experiences of a sport and exercise science student cohort. Journal of hospitality, leisure, sport & tourism ed-ucation 30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100363
Freire P (1970) Cultural action and conscientization. Harvard educational review, 40(3), 452-477. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.40.3.h76250x720j43175
Freire P (1970) Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Herter and Herter.
Holbrook MB, Hirschman EC (1982) The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feel-ings, and fun. Journal of consumer research, 9(2): 132-140.
Kenten C (2010) Narrating oneself: Reflections on the use of solicited diaries with diary interviews. Fo-rum: Qualitative social research 11(2). https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-11.2.1314
Kinni T (2011) Be our guest: Revised and updated edi-tion: Perfecting the art of customer service. Dis-ney.
Kirillova, K., & Au, W. C. (2020). How do tourism and hospitality students find the path to research?. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 20(4), 284-307.
Kitchenham A (2008) The evolution of John Mezirow's transformative learning theory. Journal of trans-formative education. 6(2): 104-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541344608322678
Kolb DA (1984) Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Leijon M, Gudmundsson P, Staaf P, Christersson C (2021). Challenge based learning in higher educa-tion–A systematic literature review. Innovations in education and teaching international 59(5): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2021.1892503
Lucardie, D (2014) The impact of fun and enjoyment on adult's learning. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences 142: 439-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.696
Malmqvist J, Rådberg KK, Lundqvist U (2015) Compara-tive analysis of challenge-based learning experi-ences. In Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu University of Infor-mation Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China: 8 June 2015 87-94.
McKeachie W, Svinicki M (2013) McKeachie's teaching tips. 14th Edition. Cengage Learning.
Mezirow J (1978) Education for Perspective Transfor-mation. Women's Re-entry Programs in Communi-ty Colleges. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Mezirow J (1978) Perspective transformation. Adult education. 28(2): 100-110.
Mezirow J (1991) Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Mezirow J (1997) Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New directions for adult and continuing education. 1997(74): 5-12.
Nichols M, Cator K (2008) Challenge based learning. White paper. Cupertino, California: Apple. https://www.challengebasedlearning.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/CBL_Paper_2008.pdf
Palmer A (2010) Customer experience management: a critical review of an emerging idea. Journal of ser-vices marketing 24(3): 196-208. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041011040604
Pine BJ, Gilmore J (1998) Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard business review. July-August: 98-105. https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy
Robertson, DL (1996) Facilitating transformative learn-ing: Attending to the dynamics of the educational helping relationship. Adult education quarterly. 47(1): 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369604700104
Rong-Da Liang, A (2021) Examining the factors of expe-riential learning and teaching style: A case study of a hospitality and tourism program. Journal of hos-pitality, leisure, sport & tourism education 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100332
Rossman JR, Duerden MD (2019) Designing experiences. Columbia University Press.
Ryan RM, & Grolnick WS (1986) Origins and pawns in the classroom: Self-report and projective assess-ments of individual differences in children's per-ceptions. Journal of personality and social psy-chology 50(3): 550-558. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.3.550
Ryan RM, Deci EL (2000) Intrinsic and extrinsic motiva-tions: Classic definitions and new directions. Con-temporary educational psychology 25(1): 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Ryan RM, Deci EL (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motiva-tions: Classic definitions and new directions. Con-temporary educational psychology, 25(1): 54-67.
Seligman ME (2004) Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. Simon and Schuster.
Slavich GM, Zimbardo PG (2012) Transformational teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic princi-ples, and core methods. Educational psychology review. 24(4): 569-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-012-9199-6
White SK, Nitkin MR (2014) Creating a Transformational Learning Experience: Immersing Students in an In-tensive Interdisciplinary Learning Environment. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teach-ing and Learning. 8(2): 1-30. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2014.080203
Woolfolk A, Shaughnessy MF (2004) An interview with Anita Woolfolk: The educational psychology of teacher efficacy. Educational psychology review 16(2): 153-176.