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Oct 27, 2023
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Abstract
This study examined the recidivism rate at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology – National Capital Region (BJMP-NCR), Philippines, from 2020 to 2022 based on predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism. The results revealed that young individuals; males; married; Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) with drug cases, leading to death or intending to cause death, and acts involving fraud and deception; and those having shorter stays in prison tend to recidivate more. Likewise, the pattern of recidivism in the Metro Manila District Jail (MMDJ) from 2020 to 2022 was affected by the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, both predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism show no significant association with the pattern of recidivism.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Delfin, M. D. B., Dalugdog, W. D., Dausan, A. F., & Villa-Buena, E. S. (2023). Measuring Recidivism Rate: Its Predictive Variables and Antecedents. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(10), 3787-3799. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.10.29
References
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Wright, K.N. & Wright, K. E. (1993). Family Life and Delinquency and Crime: A Policy-makers’ Guide to the Literature. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/140517NCJRS.pdf
Yarhouse, M.S. & Sells, J.N. (2017). Family therapies: A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. https://shorturl.at/bgzT4
Zgoba, K. M., & Salerno, L. M. (2017) A three-year recidivism analysis of state correc-tional releases, Criminal Justice Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2017.1364641
Zhong, R., Baranoski, M., Feigenson, N., Da-vidson, L., Buchanan, A., & Zonana, H. V. (2014) So, you're sorry? the role of re-morse in criminal law, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 39-48.
Bayer, P. J., Hjalmarsson, R., & Pozen, D. (2007) Building criminal capital behind bars: Peer effects in juvenile corrections, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 105-147. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12932
Brame, R., Mulvey, E. P., Schubert, C. A., & Piquero, A. R. (2018) Recidivism in a sample of serious adolescent offend-ers, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 167–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-016-9329-2
Chenane, J. L., Brennan, P. K., Steiner, B., & El-lison, J. M. (2015) Racial and ethnic dif-ferences in the predictive validity of the level of service inventory–revised among prison inmates, Criminal Justice and Be-havior, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 286–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548145481
Co, J.C., Estel, J.D., Portes, P.J., & Rondina, G.B., (2016). Reintegration and Recidivism: A Phenomenological Study on those who made it through the Bars. College of Arts and Sciences: University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines. https://www.academia.edu/31342299/Reintegra-tion_and_Recidivism_A_Phenomenological_Study_On_Those_Who_Made_It_Through_The_Bars [8 June 2023].
Esposito, M. M., & King, A. (2021) New York City: COVID-19 quarantine and crime, Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-10-2020-0046
Flores-Barolo, M.G. & Vicente, J.B. (2019). Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Persons Deprived of Liberty of Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in the Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Re-search in Management and Social Scienc-es. Vol. 8, No.11. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Nov2019/G-2759.pdf
Friedmann, A. (2014). Lowering Recidivism through Family Communication. Prison Legal News. https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2014/apr/15/lowering-recidivism-through-family-communication/
Galbiati, R., & Drago, F. (2012) ‘Deterrent ef-fect of imprisonment’, in G. Bruinsma & D. Weisburd (eds.), Encyclopedia of crimi-nology and criminal justice, pp. 1023-1030, New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_407
Herbert, T.B. & Cohen, S. (1996). Measurement Issues in Research on Psychosocial Stress. In Psychosocial Stress, edited by Howard B. Kaplan. San Diego, CA: Aca-demic Press.
Hester, R. (2018) Prior record and recidivism risk, American Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 44, pp. 353-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-018-9460-8
Huebner, B. M., & Berg, M. T. (2009) Examin-ing the sources of variation in risk for re-cidivism, Justice Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 146-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820903365213
James, N. (2015) Offender reentry: Correctional statistics, reintegration into the commu-nity, and recidivism, Available: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34287.pdf [06 June 2023]
McCoy, L. A., & Miller, H. A. (2013) Comparing gender across risk and recidivism in non-violent offenders, Women & Criminal Jus-tice, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 143-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2012.759054
Mears, D. P., Cochran, J. C., & Bales, W. D. (2012) Gender differences in the effects of prison on recidivism, Journal of Crimi-nal Justice, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 370–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.06.009
Nagin, D. S., Cullen, F. T., & Jonson, C. L. (2009) Imprisonment and reoffending, Crime and Justice, vol. 38. https://doi.org/10.1086/599202
Nwankwo, B. C., Chibuike, O. B., Otu, O. A., Ndubueze, O. P., & Emmanuel, O. K. (2018) Locus of control and marital sta-tus as predictors of recidivism among prison inmates in Abakaliki, IFE Pysholo-glA, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 120-133.
Rakes, S., Frost, S. G., & Tripodi, S. J. (2018) Recidivism among older adults: Corre-lates of prison re-entry, Justice Policy Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-15. https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/recidivism_among_older_adults_correlates_of_prison_reentry.pdf
Rhodes, W., Gaes, G. G., Kling, R., & Cutler, C. (2018) Relationship between prison length of stay and recidivism: A study us-ing regression discontinuity and instru-mental variables with multiple break points, Criminology & Public Policy, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 731-769. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12382
Roach, M.A., & Schanzenbach, M.M. (2015). The Effect of Prison Sentence Length on Recidivism: Evidence from Random Judi-cial Assignment. Northwestern Law & Econ Research Paper No. 16-08. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2701549
Sanyal, S. (2010) Rehabilitation of prisoners: A debatable issue, SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3226279
Shaw, A.R. (2020) Can General Strain Theory be Used to Explain the Relationship Be-tween Recidivism and Secure Placement? University of Central Florida. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1833&context=honorstheses
Svönudóttir, S. (2015) A study on repeat of-fenders’ experience in society between prison sentences in Iceland, Master’s the-sis in Criminology. Aalborg University.
United States Sentencing Commission. (2019) Recidivism among federal violent offend-ers, Washington, DC: United States Sen-tencing Commission.
Vries, A.M. & Liem, M. (2011). Recidivism of Juvenile Homicide Offenders. Behav Sci Law. 2011 Jul-Aug;29(4):483-98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21484856/
Wake, A. D., & Kandula, U. R. (2022) The glob-al prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 pandem-ic—"The shadow pandemic": A review of cross-sectional studies, Women’s Health, vol. 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745505722109553
Welu, S.G., Aregawi, D.H., Gebreslassie, H.T. & Kidanu, K.G. (2021). Prevalence and As-sociated Factors of Depressive Disorder among Prisoners in Mekelle General Prison Center, Tigray, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Design. Depression Re-search and Treatment. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8187058/
Western, B. & Sirois, C. (2019). Racialized Re-entry: Labor Market Inequality After In-carceration. Race and Incarceration. https://www.russellsage.org/sites/default/files/Western-Sirois-2019%5B1%5D.pdf
Wilson, W.J. (1997). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. New York, NY: Vintage. https://fundacion-rama.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2063.-When-Work-Disappears-%E2%80%A6-Wilson.pdf
Wright, K.N. & Wright, K. E. (1993). Family Life and Delinquency and Crime: A Policy-makers’ Guide to the Literature. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/140517NCJRS.pdf
Yarhouse, M.S. & Sells, J.N. (2017). Family therapies: A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. https://shorturl.at/bgzT4
Zgoba, K. M., & Salerno, L. M. (2017) A three-year recidivism analysis of state correc-tional releases, Criminal Justice Studies, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601X.2017.1364641
Zhong, R., Baranoski, M., Feigenson, N., Da-vidson, L., Buchanan, A., & Zonana, H. V. (2014) So, you're sorry? the role of re-morse in criminal law, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 39-48.