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Mar 20, 2023
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Abstract
This study investigated the association between religiosity and teachers’ subjective wellbeing and between their trust in science and subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a correlational research design, a survey was conducted involving 170 schoolteachers in Southern Bicol, Philippines. Results of the study showed that religiosity and wellbeing had a significant positive linear correlation. Religiosity was found to be a significant predictor of wellbeing. Furthermore, distrust in science and wellbeing had a significant monotonic relationship. Distrust in science was also a significant predictor of subjective wellbeing. This study concludes that when teachers have higher levels of distrust in science, their level of subjective wellbeing deteriorates. On the other hand, when teachers’ level of religiosity becomes high, their subjective wellbeing improves. These two traits of trust may have helped the teachers cope with the emotional stress experienced during the pandemic.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Balbuena, S. E., & Balbuena, P. Z. (2023). Teachers’ Subjective Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Its Relation to Religiosity and Trust in Science. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(3), 987-994. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.03.28
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29. Karunamuni, N., Imayama, I., & Goonetilleke, D. (2020). Pathways to well-being: untangling the causal relationships among biopsychosocial varia-bles. Social Science & Medicine, 112846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112846
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32. Dilmaghani, M. (2018). Religiosity and subjective wellbeing in Canada. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(3), 629-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9837-7
33. Casuga, S. M., Vogel, E. B., & Pope-Rhodius, A. (2017). A qualitative content analysis of the Bahala na attitude in Filipino elite athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 48(4), 419–434.
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36. Rilveria, J. R. (2018). The development of the Fili-pino coping strategies scale. Asia-Pacific Social Sci-ence Review, 18(1), 111-126.
2. Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., ... & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anx-iety, depression among the general population dur-ing the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w
3. Islam, M. S., Ferdous, M. Z., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Panic and generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi people: An online pilot survey early in the outbreak. Jour-nal of affective disorders, 276, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.049
4. Bäuerle, A., Teufel, M., Musche, V., Weismüller, B., Kohler, H., Hetkamp, M., ... & Skoda, E. M. (2020). Increased generalized anxiety, depression and dis-tress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Germany. Journal of Public Health, 42(4), 672-678. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa106
5. Talidong, K. J. B., & Toquero, C. M. D. (2020). Phil-ippine teachers’ practices to deal with anxiety amid COVID-19. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25 (6–7), 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1759225
6. Baloran, E. T., & Hernan, J. T. (2020) Emotions, Stressors, Coping Strategies, and Motivational Fac-tors in Private Higher Education Institutions amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Clinical Cases and Reports, 3(4), 12-18.
7. Fotheringham, P., Harriott, T., Healy, G., Arenge, G., McGill, R., & Wilson, E. (2020). Pressures and Influ-ences on School Leaders As Policy Makers During COVID-19. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3642919
8. Fardin M A. (2020). COVID-19 Epidemic and Spirit-uality: A Review of the Benefits of Religion in Times of Crisis, Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care. 9(2): e104260. https://dx.doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc.104260
9. Roman, N. V., Mthembu, T. G., & Hoosen, M. (2020). Spiritual care–‘A deeper immunity’–A response to Covid-19 pandemic. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 12(1), 1-3.
10. Ribeiro, M. R. C., Damiano, R. F., Marujo, R., Nasri, F., & Lucchetti, G. (2020). The role of spirituality in the COVID-19 pandemic: a spiritual hotline project. Journal of Public Health, 42(4), 855-856. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa120
11. Koenig, H. G. (2020). Maintaining health and well-being by putting faith into action during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of religion and health, 59, 2205-2214. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10943-020-01035-2
12. Del Castillo, F. A. (2021). Health, spirituality and Covid-19: Themes and insights. Journal of Public Health, 43(2), e254-e255. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa185
13. Dohle, S., Wingen, T., & Schreiber, M. (2020). Ac-ceptance and adoption of protective measures dur-ing the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of trust in politics and trust in science. Social Psychological Bulletin, 15(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.4315
14. Goodwin, R., Wiwattanapantuwong, J., Tuicome-pee, A., Suttiwan, P., & Watakakosol, R. (2020). Anxiety and public responses to covid-19: Early da-ta from Thailand. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 129, 118-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.026
15. Ackert, M., Maglakelidze, E., Badurashvili, I., & Hu-ber, S. (2020). Validation of the Short Forms of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale in Georgia. Religions, 11(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11020057
16. Hartman, R. O., Dieckmann, N. F., Sprenger, A. M., Stastny, B. J., & DeMarree, K. G. (2017). Modeling attitudes toward science: development and valida-tion of the credibility of science scale. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(6), 358-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1372284
17. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). De-velopment and validation of brief measures of pos-itive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
18. Mendonca, D., Oakes, K. E., Ciarrocchi, J. W., Sneck, W. J., & Gillespie, K. (2007). Spirituality and God-attachment as predictors of subjective wellbeing for seminarians and nuns in India. In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 18 (pp. 121-140). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004158511.i-301.48
19. Asadzandi, M., Abolghasemi, H., Javadi, M., & Sar-hangi, F. (2020). A Comparative Assessment of the Spiritual Health Behaviors of the Iranian Muslim in the COVID-19 Pandemic with Religious Evidence. Journal of Military Medicine, 22(8), 864-872. https://doi.org/10.30491/JMM.22.8.864
20. Pargament, K. I., Koenig, H. G., and Perez, L. M. (2000). The many methods of religious coping: de-velopment and initial validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 519-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200004)56:4%3C519::AID-JCLP6%3E3.0.CO;2-1
21. Chen, X., Gao, H., Zou, Y., & Lin, F. (2020). Changes in psychological wellbeing, attitude and infor-mation-seeking behavior among people at the epi-centre of the COVID-19 pandemic: a panel survey of residents in Hubei province, China. Epidemiolo-gy & Infection, 148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820002009
22. Plohl, N., & Musil, B. (2020). Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines: The critical role of trust in science. Psychology, Health & Medi-cine, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1772988
23. Buyukkececi, Z. (2021). Cross-country differences in anxiety and behavioral response to the Covid-19 pandemic. European Societies, 23(sup1), S417-S447. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1828975
24. Marković, I., Nikolovski, S., Milojević, S., Živković, D., Knežević, S., Mitrović, A., ... & Đurđević, D. (2020). Public trust and media influence on anxiety and depression levels among skilled workers dur-ing the COVID-19 outbreak in Serbia. Vojnosani-tetski Pregled, (00), 108-108. https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP200713108M
25. Stenmark, M. (1997). What is scientism?. Religious Studies, 33(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412596003666
26. Farias, M., Newheiser, A. K., Kahane, G., & de Tole-do, Z. (2013). Scientific faith: Belief in science in-creases in the face of stress and existential anxiety. Journal of experimental social psychology, 49(6), 1210-1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.05.008
27. Rutjens, B. T., Van Der Pligt, J., & Van Harreveld, F. (2010). Deus or Darwin: Randomness and belief in theories about the origin of life. Journal of Experi-mental Social Psychology, 46(6), 1078-1080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.07.009
28. Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. (2012). Healing those who need healing: How religious practice interacts with personality to affect social belonging. Journal for The Cognitive Science of Religion, 1(1), 29-45. https://10.1558/jcsr.v1i1.29
29. Karunamuni, N., Imayama, I., & Goonetilleke, D. (2020). Pathways to well-being: untangling the causal relationships among biopsychosocial varia-bles. Social Science & Medicine, 112846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112846
30. Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, ap-praisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.
31. Petersen, L. R., & Roy, A. (1985). Religiosity, anxie-ty, and meaning and purpose: Religion's conse-quences for psychological wellbeing. Review of Re-ligious Research, 49-62. https://doi.org/10.2307/3511937
32. Dilmaghani, M. (2018). Religiosity and subjective wellbeing in Canada. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(3), 629-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9837-7
33. Casuga, S. M., Vogel, E. B., & Pope-Rhodius, A. (2017). A qualitative content analysis of the Bahala na attitude in Filipino elite athletes. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 48(4), 419–434.
34. Manlimos, C. P. (2016). Bahala na and the filipi-no/a faith in God’s providence. Asian Horizons, 10(2), 338-346.
35. Menguito, M., & Teng-Calleja, M. (2010). Bahala Na as an Expression of the Filipino's Courage, Hope, Optimism, Self-efficacy and Search for the Sacred. Philippine Journal for Psychology, 43(1), 1-26.
36. Rilveria, J. R. (2018). The development of the Fili-pino coping strategies scale. Asia-Pacific Social Sci-ence Review, 18(1), 111-126.