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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the learning styles of the eleventh-graders and their manifestations in terms of their learning styles. The study utilized a mixed-method research design, namely sequential explanatory design, that involved 135 respondents for the quantitative phase and eight outlier participants selected for the qualitative phase based on their higher marks from the quantitative results. The study found that among the three learning styles, namely, auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, and visual learning styles, the respondents preferred the visual learning style red among the three learning styles of the study. Also, the study findings found no significant difference between the sex of the respondents and the three learning styles. In addition, the study discovered the participants' manifestations and the utilization of various learning styles and approaches when it comes to their learning, such as studying at night, using search engines, and doing extracurricular activities to help them enhance their learning process. Finally, learning styles and strategies serve as pivotal tools for the students to be more equipped, practical, and efficient regarding their academic performance at school. Hence, students, teachers, and school administrators should be able to understand various learning styles and approaches. Also, future researchers should study the environmental factors that affect students' learning process.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Garcia, A. J. N., Castro, C., Cabrera, A. S., Dayrit, R., Gozun, V. G., Hipolito, K., Lugtu, R. C. S., Papica, E. D., Reyes, L. F., & Dominado, N. L. (2024). An Inventory of Learning Styles Among Eleventh Graders. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(7), 2396-2421. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.07.05
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Kayalar (2017). The effects of Auditory Learning Strategy on Learning Skills of Language Learners. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2210070410
King, A. (2018). Recent advances in understanding the auditory cortex. https/doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15580.1
Magulod, Gilbert Jr. (2019). Learning styles, study habits and academic performance of Filipino university students in applied science courses: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(2), 184-198. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.504
Malacapay, M. (2019). Differentiated Instruction about Pupils’ Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12440a
Mallillin, et al (2020). Learning Styles: A Motivation to Study Habits of Students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339644686_Learning_Styles_A_Motivation_to_Study_Habits_of_Students
Miranda et. al (2020). The Role of the Auditory and Visual Modalities in the Perceptual Identification of Brazilian Portuguese Statements and Echo Questions. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830919898886
Mulyadi, M., et al (2021). Correlation among students' learning styles, learning motivation, and the eleventh graders’ speaking ability. https://doi.org/10.29210/021095jpgi0005
Nautison et al. (2021). Face to Face-to-face learning vs Blended Learning vs Online Learning. https:/doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1783/1/012112
Oktaviani (2024). An Analysis of Independent Curriculum Implementation in English Subject; Benefits and Challenges. https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/25760/
Pal et al. (2017). Problem Solving Approach. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.5.29
Palacios, D et. al (2022). Friends' Influence on Academic Performance Among Early Adolescents: The Role of Social Status. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2019.21811
Payaprom & Payaprom, (2020). Identifying learning styles of language learners: A useful step in moving toward the learner-centered approach.https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.712646
Pinzon et. al (2017). Skill learning from kinesthetic feedback. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.10.018
Princeton University Neuroscience Institute (2023). Link Between Clean Environment And Student Productivity. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/link-between-clean-environment-student?fbclid=IwAR0qdtRsliAokeudo5FlVvyKSRiwR9nKAbWFN6KGMbMiuT_zQhtpqfExclA
Privado et al. (2023). Audio –Visual Input for Improving the Cognitive Skills of Grade 10 Students in Araling Panlipunan. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4488056
Ramaniya, Made Ananda (2021). EFL Junior High School Students’ Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.36663/tatefl.v2i2.134
Shaughnessy et al. (2022). Effects of classroom cleaning on student health: a longitudinal study. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-022-00427-8
Shemshack and Spectator (2020). A systematic literature review of personalized learning terms. https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-020-00140-9
Steinmayr et al. (2019). The Importance of Students’ Motivation for Their Academic Achievement – Replicating and Extending Previous Findings. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730
Stephanie Escuadero (2023). Learning styles: why they are important in learning and development. https://www.edapp.com/blog/why-learning-styles-are-important/
Structural Learning (2022). What are Learning Styles? https://www.structural-learning.com/post/learning-styles
Teach.com (2020) Learning Styles All Students Are Created Equally (and Differently.) https://teach.com/what/teachers-know/learning-styles/
The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) (2021). Learning Styles. https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/education-evidence/teaching-learning-toolkit/learning-styles
Wang M. et al. (2018). Friends, academic achievement, and school engagement during adolescence: A social network approach to peer influence and selection effects. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.06.003
Western Governors University (2022). Learning about Learning Styles. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/learnings-about-learning-styles2201.html#close
Xing, B. (2023). A Review of Research on Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03403-3
Zamzami (2021). The Importance Of Learning English For Students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350705912_The_Importance_Of_Learning_English_For_Students
Akbari et. al (2020). Students' Self-Confidence and Its Impacts on Their Learning Process. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v5i1.462
Alshmrany, S. (2022). Adaptive learning style prediction in e-learning environment using levy flight distribution-based CNN model. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03403-3
Ang, C., et al. (2016). Understanding tablet computer usage among primary school students in underdeveloped areas: Students’ technology experience, learning styles, and attitudes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.063
Ariastuti and Wahyudin (2022). Exploring Academic Performance and Learning Style of Undergraduate Students in English Education Program. http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/english-language-teaching/index
Barrot et al. (2021). Students’ online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
Batang and Natividad (2018). Students’ Perceptual Learning Styles and Attitudes Toward Communicative Language Teaching. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1244108.pdf
Becton, L. (2023). Discover Your Learning Style - Comprehensive Guide on Different Learning Styles. https://www.educationcorner.com/learning-styles.html
Brouwer, J et al. (2022). The development of peer networks and academic performance in learning communities in higher education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101603
Califf, C. (2020). Incorporating Kinesthetic Learning into University Classrooms: An Example from Management Information Systems. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1252031
Campbell (2016). The Impact of Cleanliness on Learning in Higher Education. https://janiking.co.uk/blog/cleanliness-learning-education/
Cardino, Jose M. (2020). Understanding of learning styles and teaching strategies towards improving the teaching and learning of mathematics. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.8.1.1348
Carnecer, et al (2022). Teacher Education Students’ Preferred Learning Styles in the New Normal: Basis for Enhancing Pedagogies. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.05.04
Castro, et al. (2020). The theory of learning styles applied to distance learning https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389041720300504.
Chaw & Tang (2023). Learner Characteristics and Learners’ Inclination towards Particular Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.21.1.2537
Cimermanová, Ivana (2018). The Effect of Learning Styles on Academic Achievement in Different Forms of Teaching. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11316a
Cutillas, et al (2023). Exploring the Relationship Between Mathematics Performance and Learning Style Among Grade 8 Students. 10.11594/ijmaber.04.04.14
Dayon, C. (2018). Learning Styles and Academic Performance of Students in English 3. aseanresearch.org/downloads/astr/publication/2/ARTICLE 1.DAYON_LEARNING STYLES.pdf
Donald, J. et. al (2023). Creative Problem Solving An Introduction. https://www.routledge.com/Creative-Problem-Solving-An-Introduction/Treffinger-Isaksen-Stead-Dorval/p/book/9781593631871
Englis, J. M. (2019). Learning Styles and Strategies of Teaching the Filipino Language. https://ijsmsjournal.org/2019/volume-2%20issue-2/ijsms-v2i2p110.pdf
Evelyn Learning (2019). Learning Styles. https://www.evelynlearning.com/introduction-to-learningstyles/
Ezeonwumelu (2020). Overloaded Curriculum, Excessive Daily Academic Activities, and Students' Learning Effectiveness. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352996823_Overloaded_Curriculum_Excessive_Daily_Academic_Activities_and_Students'_Learning_Effectiveness
Garrido, et al (2023). Influence of learning styles on student performance in self-instructional courses. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0289036
Grand Canyon University (GCU) (2020) How to Recognize and Support Learning Styles in the Classroom. https://www.gcu.edu/blog/teaching-school-administration/how-recognize-and-support-learning-styles-classroom
Gelman, S., et al. (2020). Maybe They’re Born With It, or Maybe It’s Experience: Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Learning Style Myth. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/edu0000366
Heliyon (2021). Investigation of the effects of auditory and visual stimuli on attention. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(21)01670-4.pdf
Hyland 2019. English for Specific Purposes: Some Influences and Impacts. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02899-2_19
Indeed Editorial Team (2022). What's Your Learning Style? Types and How to Find Yours. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/what-is-my-learning-style
Kapur, R. (2023). Augmenting Problem-Solving Skills: Vital in Providing Solutions to Personal and Professional Problems. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371640636_Augmenting_Problem-Solving_Skills_Vital_in_Providing_Solutions_to_Personal_and_Professional_Problems
Kayalar (2017). The effects of Auditory Learning Strategy on Learning Skills of Language Learners. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2210070410
King, A. (2018). Recent advances in understanding the auditory cortex. https/doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15580.1
Magulod, Gilbert Jr. (2019). Learning styles, study habits and academic performance of Filipino university students in applied science courses: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(2), 184-198. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.504
Malacapay, M. (2019). Differentiated Instruction about Pupils’ Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12440a
Mallillin, et al (2020). Learning Styles: A Motivation to Study Habits of Students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339644686_Learning_Styles_A_Motivation_to_Study_Habits_of_Students
Miranda et. al (2020). The Role of the Auditory and Visual Modalities in the Perceptual Identification of Brazilian Portuguese Statements and Echo Questions. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830919898886
Mulyadi, M., et al (2021). Correlation among students' learning styles, learning motivation, and the eleventh graders’ speaking ability. https://doi.org/10.29210/021095jpgi0005
Nautison et al. (2021). Face to Face-to-face learning vs Blended Learning vs Online Learning. https:/doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1783/1/012112
Oktaviani (2024). An Analysis of Independent Curriculum Implementation in English Subject; Benefits and Challenges. https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/25760/
Pal et al. (2017). Problem Solving Approach. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.5.29
Palacios, D et. al (2022). Friends' Influence on Academic Performance Among Early Adolescents: The Role of Social Status. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2019.21811
Payaprom & Payaprom, (2020). Identifying learning styles of language learners: A useful step in moving toward the learner-centered approach.https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.712646
Pinzon et. al (2017). Skill learning from kinesthetic feedback. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.10.018
Princeton University Neuroscience Institute (2023). Link Between Clean Environment And Student Productivity. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/link-between-clean-environment-student?fbclid=IwAR0qdtRsliAokeudo5FlVvyKSRiwR9nKAbWFN6KGMbMiuT_zQhtpqfExclA
Privado et al. (2023). Audio –Visual Input for Improving the Cognitive Skills of Grade 10 Students in Araling Panlipunan. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4488056
Ramaniya, Made Ananda (2021). EFL Junior High School Students’ Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.36663/tatefl.v2i2.134
Shaughnessy et al. (2022). Effects of classroom cleaning on student health: a longitudinal study. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-022-00427-8
Shemshack and Spectator (2020). A systematic literature review of personalized learning terms. https://slejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40561-020-00140-9
Steinmayr et al. (2019). The Importance of Students’ Motivation for Their Academic Achievement – Replicating and Extending Previous Findings. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730
Stephanie Escuadero (2023). Learning styles: why they are important in learning and development. https://www.edapp.com/blog/why-learning-styles-are-important/
Structural Learning (2022). What are Learning Styles? https://www.structural-learning.com/post/learning-styles
Teach.com (2020) Learning Styles All Students Are Created Equally (and Differently.) https://teach.com/what/teachers-know/learning-styles/
The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) (2021). Learning Styles. https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/education-evidence/teaching-learning-toolkit/learning-styles
Wang M. et al. (2018). Friends, academic achievement, and school engagement during adolescence: A social network approach to peer influence and selection effects. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.06.003
Western Governors University (2022). Learning about Learning Styles. https://www.wgu.edu/blog/learnings-about-learning-styles2201.html#close
Xing, B. (2023). A Review of Research on Learning Style. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03403-3
Zamzami (2021). The Importance Of Learning English For Students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350705912_The_Importance_Of_Learning_English_For_Students