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Abstract
Tourism is a crucial aspect of a nation's social and economic life as it helps people break away from monotonous lives and contributes to the state's economic development. Tourism amenities such as security, natural beauty, hotel and motel accommodations, and transportation facilities are essential for tourists attraction. However, the visitors demographic characteristics have an impact on the tourism site they choose. The primary goal of this study is to examine the demographic characteristics of visitors and their opinions of the tourism facilities at the Shadapathor tourist destination in Sylhet. This study used primary data, which was collected from 200 visitors using a questionnaire survey. Descriptive and cross-tabulation analysis were used to present the data. According to the survey, the majority of the visitors were male from urban regions; their ages ranged from 17 to 45; they were single; they had postgraduate to HSC degrees; they were employed as students or service providers; and their income was between BDT 20000 and BDT 40000. The study also revealed that while the area's natural beauty greatly pleased all tourists, there are still room for improvement regarding supplemental services, hotel, motel, restaurant facilities, security, and transportation. It has also been revealed that Shadapathor meets all the requirements to be considered one of Bangladesh's top tourist destinations, regardless of amenities. The demographic status of Shadhapathor visitors was showing through this study survey, with the majority being educated, with an average income level, and belonging to the middle-aged group of national visitors.While foreign visitors rarely visit this spot. The results aid in identifying tourist market segments and comprehending their demand by authorities and organizations.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Kabir, M. R., Hossain, M., & Begum, S. A. (2025). Tourism Amenities in Shadhapathor (White Stone), Sylhet: A Demographic Outlook of Visitors. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(5), 2646-2657. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.05.38
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Collins, D., and Tisdell, C. (2002a).Gender and differences in travel life cycles, Journal of travel research, Vol. 41, pp. 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728702237413
Croes, R., and Vanegas, M. (2005). An econo-metric study of tourist arrivals in Aruba and its implications. Tourism manage-ment, Vol. 26, pp. 879-890. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.tourman .2004.04.007
Dritsakis, N. (2004). Cointegration analysis of German and British tourism demand Greece. Tourism management, Vol.25, pp. 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00061-X
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Heung, V.C.S. and Lam, T. (2003) Customer complaint behaviour towards hotel res-taurant services, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 15 (5), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110310482209
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Hughes, H. L. (2003). Marketing gay tourism in Manchester: new market for urban tour-ism or destruction of ‘gay space’?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(2), 152-163.
https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670300900204
Hughes, P. (2001). Book Review: Marine tour-ism: Development, impacts and manage-ment. Tourist Studies, 1(3), 323–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879760100100311
Humphreys, B., and Ruseski, J. (2011). An eco-nomic analysis of participation and time spent in physical activity. The BE journal of economic analysis and policy, Vol. 11(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2522
Iso-Ahola, S., Jackson, E., and Dunn, E. (1994). Starting, ceasing, and replacing leisure activities over the lifespan. Journal of lei-sure research, Vol. 26 (3), pp. 227-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1994.11969958
Kalenjuk, B. (2022). Socio-demographic char-acteristics as determinants of student en-gagement. Ceeol.Com, 21(3),179–189. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id= 1085026
Kara, N. (2016). Demographic factors and preference for travel activities among tourists in Tanzania. International Jour-nal of Science Arts and Commerce, 1(3), 9–26. www.ijsac.net
Kara, N. S. (2017). A study of demographic and psychographic factors on preference for travel activities among international and local tourists in Tanzania (Doctoral dis-sertation, University of Nottingham). https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/43391
Kara, N. S., & Mkwizu, K. H. (2020). Demo-graphic factors and travel motivation among leisure tourists in Tanza-nia. International Hospitality Re-view, 34(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-01-2020-0002
Kattiyapornpong, U., & Miller, K. E. (2009). Socio-demographic constraints to travel behavior. International Journal of Cul-ture, Tourism and Hospitality Re-search, 3(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180910940360
Kattiyapornpong, U., and Miller, K. (2008). A practitioners report on the interactive ef-fects of socio-demographic barriers to travel, Journal of vacation marketing, Vol.14, pp. 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766708094756
Kim, H., Cheng, C. K., & O’Leary, J. T. (2007). Understanding participation patterns and trends in tourism cultural attrac-tions. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1366–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.023
Kitulo National Park. International Jour-nal of Innovative Research and Develop-ment, 7(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2018/v7/i2/FEB18026
Lee, Y., and Bhargava, V. (2004). Leisure time. Do married and single individuals spend it differently? Family and consumer sci-ences research journal, Vol. 32,254-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X03261631
Lin, S., Maruthaveeran, S., & Yusof, M. J. M. (2024). Visitors' recreational & leisure experiences in urban river corridors? A case study of Hutuo River in Shijia-zhuang, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 98, 128416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128416
Liu, H., Zhang, J., Jia, Z., & Yan, H. (2025). The impact of amenities in rural bed and breakfasts on tourists' emotional experi-ence and behavioral intentions: Perspec-tives from amenity theory. Acta Psycho-logica, 254, 104828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104828
Mazilu, M., and Mitroi, S. (2010). Demograph-ic, social, economic and geographic fea-tures shaping factors of the tourist mar-ket. Romanian economic and business review, Vol. 5(1), pp. 159-166.
Meric, H. J., & Hunt, J. (1998). Ecotourists’ mo-tivational and demographic characteris-tics: A case of North Carolina travel-ers. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1177 /004728759803600407
Mieczkowski, Z. (1990). The World trends in tourism and recreation. New York: Peter Lang.
Mohsin, A. (2003) Service Quality Assessment of Restaurants in Darwin, NT Australia, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Man-agement 10 (1), 23-34. http://www.australianacademicpress .com.au/Publications/Journals/JHTM/hospitality.htm
Mohsin, A., & Ryan, C. (2004). Determinants of destination choice: The role of socio-demographic variables. Tourism Recrea-tion Research, 29(3), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02508281 .2004.11081454
Moriarty, P., and Honnery, D. (2005). Deter-minants of urban travel in Australia. 28th Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF). https://australasiantransportresearchforum.org.au/wp-con-tent/uploads/2022/03/2005_Moriarty_Honnery.pdf
Odunga, P. (2005). Choice of attractions, ex-penditure and satisfaction of internation-al tourists to Kenya. 205. https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/121685
Oh, J. Y., Cheng, C., Lehto, X. Y., & Leary, J. T. O. (2004). Predictors of tourists’ shopping behaviour: Examination of socio-demographic characteristics and trip ty-pologies. Journal of Vacation Market-ing, 10(4), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670401000403
Padrón-Ávila, H., & Hernández-Martín, R. (2019). Preventing overtourism by identi-fying the determinants of tourists’ choice of attractions. Sustainability, 11(19), 5177. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195177
Peterson, M. (2007). Effects of income, assets and age on the Vacationing Behaviour of US Consumers. Journal of vacation mar-keting, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706071204
Ryan, C. (2003) Recreational Tourism–demand and impacts. Channel View Publications, Sydney
Ryan, C., and Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scales to tourism. An-nals of tourism research, Vol. 25(1), pp. 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00066-2
Saayman, M. and Saayman, A. (2009), “Why travel motivational and socio-demographics matter in managing a na-tional park”, Koedoe, Vol. 51 No. 1, pp. 1-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139613
Scott, D. (2005). The relevance of constraints researches to leisure service delivery, in E.L. Jackson, Constraints to leisure, pp. 279–93. State College, PA: Venture Pub-lishing, Inc.
Slabbert, E., & Du Plessis, L. (2011). The influ-ence of demographic factors on travel behaviour of visitors to nature-based products in South Africa. Tourism & Man-agement Studies, (2), 1118-1121. file:///C:/Users/WIN%2010/Downloads/Dialnet-TheInfluenceOfDemographic Factors OnTravelBehaviourO-5503379.pdf
Song, H., Wong, K., and Chon, K. (2003). Mod-eling and forecasting the demand for Hong Kong tourism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 22 (4), pp. 435-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4319(03)00047-1
Spence, M. (2002). The Effect of Age on the Probability of Participation in Wildlife-Related Activities: A Birth Year Cohort Study. American journal of agricultural economics, Vol. 84 (5), pp. 1384-1389.
Tae, Y. (2007). Leisure constraints: Multiple hierarchy stratification perspectives, Masters‟ thesis, Graduate school of Clem-son University.
Tomić, S., Leković, K., & Tadić, J. (2019). Con-sumer behaviour: The influence of age and family structure on the choice of ac-tivities in a tourist destination. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 755–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1579663
Tyrell, B., Countryman, C., Hong, G., and Cai, L. (2001). Determinants of destination choice by Japanese overseas travellers. Journal of travel and tourism marketing, Vol.10 (2-3), pp.87-100.
Uysal, M. and McDonald, C. D. and Martin, B. S. (1994) Australian Visitors to US National Parks and Natural Areas. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 6 (3), 18-24
Valek, N. S., Shaw, M., & Bednarik, J. (2014). Socio-demographic characteristics affect-ing sport tourism choices: A structural model. Acta Gymnica, 44(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2014.006
Yung-Kun, S., Kuo-Chien, C. and Yuan-Feng, S. (2015), “Market segmentation of interna-tional tourists based on motivation to travel: a case study of Taiwan”, Asia Pa-cific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 21 No. 8, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00407
Alauddin, M., Shah, M. G. H., & Ullah, H. (2014). Tourism in Bangladesh: A prospects anal-ysis. In Information and Knowledge Man-agement, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 67-73. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?rep-id=rep1&type=pdf&doi=73e25790601ee812e812ae3fbc44cee48774676c
Almeida-Santana, A., & Moreno-Gil, S. (2018). Understanding tourism loyalty: Horizon-tal vs. destination loyalty. Tourism Man-agement, 65, 245–255. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.tourman .2017.10.011
Asad Mohsin (2008) Analysis of Chinese Trav-ellers' Attitudes Toward Holidaying in New Zealand: The Impact of Socio-Demographic Variables, Journal of Hospi-tality & Leisure Marketing, 16:1-2, 21-40, https://doi.org/10.1080/10507050802096794
Aydıner Boylu, A., & Terzioğlu, G., (2010). Analyses of family vacationing behavior. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi , vol.1, 1-16. https://avesis.hacettepe.edu.tr/yayin/f82800f0-e284-4864-885f-2db6d190a814/analyses-of-family-vacationing-behavior
Bak, I., & Szczecinska, B. (2020). Global demo-graphic trends and effects on tourism, European Research Studies Journal, Vol-ume XXIII, Issue 4. pp. 571-585. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/75864/1/Global_demograph-ic_trends_and_effects_on_tourism.pdf
Begashe, B. A., Matotola, S., & Mgonja, J. T. (2024). Demographic determinants of wildlife attraction selection among inter-national return tourists in Tanzania: im-plications for strategic marketing. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2340127. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2340127
Biernat, E., and Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A. (2012). Tourist activity among urban singles in view of socio-demographic factors. Stud-ies in physical culture and tourism, Vol. 19(2), pp. 86-93. http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/Content/236367/PDF/9_Studies_2012_2_86.pdf
Boakye, K. A. (2012). Tourists’ views on safety and vulnerability. A study of some select-ed towns in Ghana. Tourism Manage-ment, 33(2), 327-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.013
Collins, D., and Tisdell, C. (2002a).Gender and differences in travel life cycles, Journal of travel research, Vol. 41, pp. 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728702237413
Croes, R., and Vanegas, M. (2005). An econo-metric study of tourist arrivals in Aruba and its implications. Tourism manage-ment, Vol. 26, pp. 879-890. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.tourman .2004.04.007
Dritsakis, N. (2004). Cointegration analysis of German and British tourism demand Greece. Tourism management, Vol.25, pp. 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00061-X
Fesenmaier, D., and Jeng, J. (2000). Assessing structure in the pleasure trip planning process, Tourism analysis, Vol. 5, pp. 13–27. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/ content/cog/ ta/2000/ 00000005/ 00000001/art00002
Fleischer, A., and Pizam, A. (2002). Tourism constraints among Israel seniors. Annals of tourism research, Vol. 29 (1), pp. 106-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00026-3
Heung, V.C.S. and Lam, T. (2003) Customer complaint behaviour towards hotel res-taurant services, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 15 (5), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110310482209
Hossaın, M. M. (2020). Tourism prospects and challenges at sylhet region in Bangladesh: A critical conceptual review. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 3(1), 16-31. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jtis/issue/53359/707551#article_cite
Huang, A. and Xiao, H. (2000) Leisure-based tourist behaviour: a case of Changchun, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 12 (3), 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110010320850
Hughes, H. L. (2003). Marketing gay tourism in Manchester: new market for urban tour-ism or destruction of ‘gay space’?. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(2), 152-163.
https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670300900204
Hughes, P. (2001). Book Review: Marine tour-ism: Development, impacts and manage-ment. Tourist Studies, 1(3), 323–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879760100100311
Humphreys, B., and Ruseski, J. (2011). An eco-nomic analysis of participation and time spent in physical activity. The BE journal of economic analysis and policy, Vol. 11(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2522
Iso-Ahola, S., Jackson, E., and Dunn, E. (1994). Starting, ceasing, and replacing leisure activities over the lifespan. Journal of lei-sure research, Vol. 26 (3), pp. 227-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1994.11969958
Kalenjuk, B. (2022). Socio-demographic char-acteristics as determinants of student en-gagement. Ceeol.Com, 21(3),179–189. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id= 1085026
Kara, N. (2016). Demographic factors and preference for travel activities among tourists in Tanzania. International Jour-nal of Science Arts and Commerce, 1(3), 9–26. www.ijsac.net
Kara, N. S. (2017). A study of demographic and psychographic factors on preference for travel activities among international and local tourists in Tanzania (Doctoral dis-sertation, University of Nottingham). https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/43391
Kara, N. S., & Mkwizu, K. H. (2020). Demo-graphic factors and travel motivation among leisure tourists in Tanza-nia. International Hospitality Re-view, 34(1), 81–103. https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-01-2020-0002
Kattiyapornpong, U., & Miller, K. E. (2009). Socio-demographic constraints to travel behavior. International Journal of Cul-ture, Tourism and Hospitality Re-search, 3(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180910940360
Kattiyapornpong, U., and Miller, K. (2008). A practitioners report on the interactive ef-fects of socio-demographic barriers to travel, Journal of vacation marketing, Vol.14, pp. 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766708094756
Kim, H., Cheng, C. K., & O’Leary, J. T. (2007). Understanding participation patterns and trends in tourism cultural attrac-tions. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1366–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.09.023
Kitulo National Park. International Jour-nal of Innovative Research and Develop-ment, 7(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.24940/ijird/2018/v7/i2/FEB18026
Lee, Y., and Bhargava, V. (2004). Leisure time. Do married and single individuals spend it differently? Family and consumer sci-ences research journal, Vol. 32,254-274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X03261631
Lin, S., Maruthaveeran, S., & Yusof, M. J. M. (2024). Visitors' recreational & leisure experiences in urban river corridors? A case study of Hutuo River in Shijia-zhuang, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 98, 128416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128416
Liu, H., Zhang, J., Jia, Z., & Yan, H. (2025). The impact of amenities in rural bed and breakfasts on tourists' emotional experi-ence and behavioral intentions: Perspec-tives from amenity theory. Acta Psycho-logica, 254, 104828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104828
Mazilu, M., and Mitroi, S. (2010). Demograph-ic, social, economic and geographic fea-tures shaping factors of the tourist mar-ket. Romanian economic and business review, Vol. 5(1), pp. 159-166.
Meric, H. J., & Hunt, J. (1998). Ecotourists’ mo-tivational and demographic characteris-tics: A case of North Carolina travel-ers. Journal of Travel Research, 36(4), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1177 /004728759803600407
Mieczkowski, Z. (1990). The World trends in tourism and recreation. New York: Peter Lang.
Mohsin, A. (2003) Service Quality Assessment of Restaurants in Darwin, NT Australia, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Man-agement 10 (1), 23-34. http://www.australianacademicpress .com.au/Publications/Journals/JHTM/hospitality.htm
Mohsin, A., & Ryan, C. (2004). Determinants of destination choice: The role of socio-demographic variables. Tourism Recrea-tion Research, 29(3), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02508281 .2004.11081454
Moriarty, P., and Honnery, D. (2005). Deter-minants of urban travel in Australia. 28th Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF). https://australasiantransportresearchforum.org.au/wp-con-tent/uploads/2022/03/2005_Moriarty_Honnery.pdf
Odunga, P. (2005). Choice of attractions, ex-penditure and satisfaction of internation-al tourists to Kenya. 205. https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/121685
Oh, J. Y., Cheng, C., Lehto, X. Y., & Leary, J. T. O. (2004). Predictors of tourists’ shopping behaviour: Examination of socio-demographic characteristics and trip ty-pologies. Journal of Vacation Market-ing, 10(4), 308–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670401000403
Padrón-Ávila, H., & Hernández-Martín, R. (2019). Preventing overtourism by identi-fying the determinants of tourists’ choice of attractions. Sustainability, 11(19), 5177. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195177
Peterson, M. (2007). Effects of income, assets and age on the Vacationing Behaviour of US Consumers. Journal of vacation mar-keting, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 29-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706071204
Ryan, C. (2003) Recreational Tourism–demand and impacts. Channel View Publications, Sydney
Ryan, C., and Glendon, I. (1998). Application of leisure motivation scales to tourism. An-nals of tourism research, Vol. 25(1), pp. 169-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00066-2
Saayman, M. and Saayman, A. (2009), “Why travel motivational and socio-demographics matter in managing a na-tional park”, Koedoe, Vol. 51 No. 1, pp. 1-9. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC139613
Scott, D. (2005). The relevance of constraints researches to leisure service delivery, in E.L. Jackson, Constraints to leisure, pp. 279–93. State College, PA: Venture Pub-lishing, Inc.
Slabbert, E., & Du Plessis, L. (2011). The influ-ence of demographic factors on travel behaviour of visitors to nature-based products in South Africa. Tourism & Man-agement Studies, (2), 1118-1121. file:///C:/Users/WIN%2010/Downloads/Dialnet-TheInfluenceOfDemographic Factors OnTravelBehaviourO-5503379.pdf
Song, H., Wong, K., and Chon, K. (2003). Mod-eling and forecasting the demand for Hong Kong tourism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 22 (4), pp. 435-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4319(03)00047-1
Spence, M. (2002). The Effect of Age on the Probability of Participation in Wildlife-Related Activities: A Birth Year Cohort Study. American journal of agricultural economics, Vol. 84 (5), pp. 1384-1389.
Tae, Y. (2007). Leisure constraints: Multiple hierarchy stratification perspectives, Masters‟ thesis, Graduate school of Clem-son University.
Tomić, S., Leković, K., & Tadić, J. (2019). Con-sumer behaviour: The influence of age and family structure on the choice of ac-tivities in a tourist destination. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 755–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1579663
Tyrell, B., Countryman, C., Hong, G., and Cai, L. (2001). Determinants of destination choice by Japanese overseas travellers. Journal of travel and tourism marketing, Vol.10 (2-3), pp.87-100.
Uysal, M. and McDonald, C. D. and Martin, B. S. (1994) Australian Visitors to US National Parks and Natural Areas. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 6 (3), 18-24
Valek, N. S., Shaw, M., & Bednarik, J. (2014). Socio-demographic characteristics affect-ing sport tourism choices: A structural model. Acta Gymnica, 44(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2014.006
Yung-Kun, S., Kuo-Chien, C. and Yuan-Feng, S. (2015), “Market segmentation of interna-tional tourists based on motivation to travel: a case study of Taiwan”, Asia Pa-cific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 21 No. 8, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8276.00407