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Apr 24, 2025
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Abstract
The evaluation of the Automated Vehicle Access Control System utilizing Computer Vision-Based License Plate Recognition demonstrated excellent performance based on ISO/IEC 25010:2011 quality metrics, achieving a Grand Mean of 3.31, categorized as "Excellent." Individual metrics such as Maintainability (3.38), Portability (3.40), and Reliability (3.35) ranked highest, reflecting the system's robust quality. The system’s functionality and performance were also rated "Highly Accepted" by respondents, with a Grand Mean of 3.47. Readiness evaluations indicated the infrastructure and personnel were "Very Ready" to support implementation, with a Grand Mean of 3.47. These findings align with related studies emphasizing the efficiency of image-based entry management systems employing vehicle and facial recognition technologies, which enhance security, automate access control, and reduce manual workload. Leveraging advanced techniques like CNN and OpenCV, these systems prove effective in organizational settings, providing real-time monitoring, attendance tracking, and vehicle management capabilities. The high accuracy and readiness demonstrated by the system affirm its reliability and effectiveness for deployment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Juliano, J. J., Armada, M. K. A., Cosadio Jr., A. N. P., & Reyes, R. E. F. F. (2025). Automated Vehicle Access Control System Utilizing Computer Vision-Based License Plate Recognition. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 6(4), 1947-1977. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.04.27
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Wang, Y. (2023). YOLOv8 in UAV aerial pho-tography: Optimized for small object de-tection. Journal of Unmanned Aerial Sys-tems.
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Ajit, K., Gupta, S., & Singh, P. (2020). Efficiency and accuracy of convolutional neural networks in object detection and image recognition. International Journal of Computer Vision and Pattern Recogni-tion.
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Amon, M. C. E., Brillantes, A. K. M., Billones, C., Billones, R., Jose, J. A. C., Sybingco, E., Dadios, E., Fillone, A. M., Lim, L. G., & Ban-dala, A. (2019). Philippine license plate character recognition using Faster R-CNN with InceptionV2. Proceedings of the International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technolo-gy, Communication and Control, Envi-ronment and Management.
Baballe, M., & Dahiru, M. (2023). Advantages of automated license plate recognition technology.
Bambharolia, S., Patel, A., & Sharma, R. (2017). The power of convolutional neural net-works in classification and prediction tasks. Journal of Machine Learning Appli-cations.
Benslimane, Y., Yang, Z., & Liu, E. (2021). Im-proving information system development and maintainability factors through standardized processes: An empirical study. 2021 IEEE International Confer-ence on Industrial Engineering and Engi-neering Management.
Borbon, J., Javier, J., Llamado, J., Dadios, E. D., & Billones, R. (2021). Coral health identifi-cation using image classification and convolutional neural networks. Proceed-ings of the International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management.
Brillantes, A. K. M., Billones, C., Amon, M. C. E., Cero, C., Jose, J. A. C., Billones, R., & Dadios, E. (2019). Philippine license plate detec-tion and classification using Faster R-CNN and Feature Pyramid Network. Pro-ceedings of the International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Infor-mation Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management.
Brilli, G., Burgio, P., Bertogna, M. (2018) Convo-lutional Neural Networks on Embedded Automotive Platforms: A Qualitative Comparison. IEEE International Confer-ence on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS)
Calitz, C. (2020). Efficiency and accuracy of ALPR systems: Recognition accuracy and real-time access control success rate. Journal of Applied Computer Science.
Cao, W., Wang, X., Ming, Z., & Gao, J. (2018) A review on neural networks with random weights
Chaturvedi, A., & Sethi, N. (2013). Automatic License Plate Recognition System using SURF Features and RBF Neural Network.
Cho, N., El Asmar, M., Gibson, G. E., & Aramali, V. (2020). Earned Value Management System (EVMS) Reliability: A Review of Existing EVMS Literature.
Choi, H., & Jeong, J. (2023). Realtime Detection of Table Objects and Text Areas for OCR Preprocessing.
Chu, Y., Yuan, Z., & Liu, P. (2023). Privacy con-cern and acceptability of driver monitor-ing system. Emerging Technologies and Future of Work.
Dao, H. (2023). YOLOv8 in agriculture: Surface disease detection on tomatoes. Journal of Agricultural Technology Research.
Dome, S., & Sathe, A. P. (2021). Optical charac-ter recognition using Tesseract and clas-sification. Proceedings of the 2021 Inter-national Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI).
Fernandez, S. M. B. (2021). Vehicle manage-ment system using RFID. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis.
Flores, M. G. (2020). iWASTE: An automated waste classification technology using su-pervised learning with convolution neu-ral network and Mf classifier. Journal of Computer Science.
Gawali, N. V. (2023). Image classification using convolutional neural networks. Interna-tional Journal for Research in Applied Sci-ence and Engineering Technology.
Guo, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2017). Perfor-mance of convolutional neural networks in image classification: A study of learn-ing rate and optimization algorithms. Journal of Machine Learning Research.
He, Y. (2020). Research on text detection and recognition based on OCR recognition technology. Proceedings of the Interna-tional Conference on Information Sys-tems and Computer Aided Education.
He, Z. (2020). Deep learning in image classifi-cation: A survey report. Proceedings of the 2020 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application (ITCA).
Huang, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2018). CNN in convolu-tion: A wider CNN architecture for im-proved accuracy in image classification. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research.
Islam, M. S. (2023). Applications of ALPR in car parking, access control, speed control, toll collection, border security, and traffic violence detection. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Indira, K., Mohan, K., & Nikhilashwary, T. (2019). Automatic license plate recogni-tion. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Ingale, H., Ingale, B., Ingle, A., Indulkar, P., & Ingale, H. (2022). Parking Management System. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT).
Iskandar, R., & Kesuma, M. (2022). Designing a real-time-based optical character recog-nition to detect ID cards. International Journal of Electronics and Communica-tions Systems.
Jabez, A. A., Hariharasudhan, E., Karthikeyan, J., & Gowthami, N. (2021). Object detection using optical character recognition for vehicle management. JETIR.
Jagadamaba, G., Purohit, S., & Chayashree, G. (2019). Campus Vehicle Monitoring Through Image Processing.
Joseph, S. I. T. (2022). Advanced digital image processing technique based optical char-acter recognition of scanned document. Journal of Innovative Image Processing.
Kalyan, S. S., Pratyusha, V., Nishitha, N., & Ramesh, T. K. (2020). Vehicle detection using image processing. 2020 IEEE In-ternational Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON).
Kanagarathinam, K., Ravindrakumar, K., Fran-cis, R., & Ilankannan, S. (2019). Steps In-volved in Text Recognition and Recent Research in OCR; A Study
Kang, J., Yu, R., Huang, X., Wu, M., Maharjan, S., Xie, S., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Blockchain for Secure and Efficient Data Sharing in Ve-hicular Edge Computing and Networks.
Kavitha, H., Raj, M., Kumar, S. M., Shankar, S., & Dayananda, P. (2023). An automated of-fice and vehicle management system. 2023 International Conference on Net-work, Multimedia and Information Tech-nology (NMITCON).
Kato, G. A., Yamongan, J. S., Manao, J. M., Arcega, R. A., Espino, R. L., Capili, R. D., & Magsumbol, J. V. (2022). Emerging tech-nologies in the Philippines: Internet of Things (IoT). International Conference Organization.
Kalpana, E. (2021). Automated facial recogni-tion entry management system using im-age processing technique.
Kaur, G., Jaiswal, A. K., Kumar, R., & Thakur, K. (2023). Automatic license plate recogni-tion system. Proceedings of the Interna-tional Conference on Computing Com-munication and Networking Technolo-gies.
Konyuncu, H. (2021). A Comparative Study of Handwritten Character Recognition by using Image Processing and Neural Net-work Techniques
Lou, Z. (2023). DC-YOLOv8: Small-size object detection algorithm based on camera sensors. Journal of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.
Lou, Z. (2023). Improving YOLOv8 for small-size object detection. Journal of Comput-er Vision and Pattern Recognition.
Ma, J. (2023). Enhancements to the YOLOv8 model for remote sensing applications. Journal of Remote Sensing Technology.
Mamun, M., & Deb, K. (2019). An approach for recognizing vehicle based on appear-ance. 2019 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Materials and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2).
Marzuki, P., Syafeeza, A.R., Wong, Y.C., Hamid, N.A., Nur Alisa, A., & Ibrahim M.M. (2019). A design of license plate recognition sys-tem using convolutional neural network.
Mehta, J., Talati, S., Upadhyay, S., Valiveti, S., & Raval, G. (2023). Regenerating vital facial keypoints for impostor identification from disguised images using CNN
Nwokoma, F. O., Odii, J. N., Ayogu, I. I., & Og-bonna, J. C. (2021). Camera-based OCR scene text detection issues: A review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews.
Pandey, G., Lamichhane, N., Subedi, U., & K C, K. (2024). CNN based system for automatic number plate recognition. Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm.
Panganiban, E., & Dela Cruz, J. (2017). RFID-based vehicle monitoring system. 2017 IEEE 9th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management
Pavithra, B., Suchitra, S., Subbulakshmi, P., & Faustina, J. (2019). RFID based smart au-tomatic vehicle management system for healthcare applications. 2019 3rd Inter-national Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technol-ogy (ICECA).
Picco, A., Stuiver, A., de Winter, J., & de Waard, D. (2023). The use of monitoring and feedback devices in driving: An assess-ment of acceptability and its key determi-nants.
Pilania, U., & Singh, S. (2022). Implementation of image-based attendance system. Inter-national Conference Electronic Systems, Signal Processing and Computing Tech-nologies (ICESC).
Raj, R., & Kos, A. (2022). A comprehensive study of optical character recognition. Proceedings of the International Confer-ence on Mixed Design of Integrated Cir-cuits and Systems.
Reyes, R. C., Cepe, E. M., Guerrero, N. D., Sevilla, R. V., & Montesines, D. L. (2021). Deep in-ference localization approach of license plate recognition: A 2014 series Philip-pine vehicle license plate. Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE).
Reddy, P. K. (2021). Survey of classification models for secure image retrieval: Signal processing and cryptographic tech-niques. Journal of Cryptographic Engi-neering.
Safaldin, M., Zaghden, N., & Mejdoub, M. (2024). An improved YOLOv8 to detect moving objects. IEEE Access.
Saha, S. (2019). A review on automatic license plate recognition system. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.05267.
Singh, M., Sinha, A., & Krishnamurthy, B. (2018). Neural Networks in Adversarial Setting and Ill-Conditioned Weight Space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.00905
Shashirangana, J., Padmasiri, H., Meedeniya, D., & Perera, C. (2021). Automated license plate recognition: A survey on methods and techniques. IEEE Access.
Shah, P. R., (2013). Image Based Authentica-tion System. International Conference on Communication Technology 2013.
Su, Y.-M., Peng, H.-W., Huang, K.-W., & Yang, C.-S. (2019). Image processing technology for text recognition. International Confer-ence on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence.
Suhail, A., Jayabalan, M., & Thiruchelvam, V. (2020). Convolutional Neural Network Based Object Detection: A Review.
Tenzin, S., Dorji, P., Subba, B., & Tobgay, T. (2020). Smart check-in check-out system for vehicles using automatic number plate recognition. International Confer-ence on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies.
Tas, S., Sari, O., Dalveren, Y., Pazar, S., Kara, A., & Derawi, M. (2022). Deep learning-based vehicle classification for low quali-ty images. Italian National Conference on Sensors.
Thakur, N., & Maheshwari, D. (2017). A review of image classification techniques. Se-mantic Scholar.
Terven, J. (2023). YOLOv8 in robotics and driv-erless cars: Real-time object detection
system. International Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems.
Ugwu, M., Nwiabu, N., & Taylor, O.E., (2022). An Improved Visual Attention Model for Automated Vehicle License Plate Number Recognition Using Computer Vision.
Vallikannu, R., Kanth, K., Kumar, L., Monisha, & Karthik. (2022). Vehicle entry manage-ment system using image processing. In-telligent Systems Reference Library.
Wang, J. (2023). A study of the OCR develop-ment history and directions of develop-ment. Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology.
Wang, Y. (2023). Optimization of YOLOv8 for UAV aerial photography. Journal of Un-manned Aerial Systems.
Wang, Y. (2023). YOLOv8 in UAV aerial pho-tography: Optimized for small object de-tection. Journal of Unmanned Aerial Sys-tems.
Yan, S. (2019). Security analysis and classifica-tion of image secret sharing: Identifying security levels and analyzing schemes. Journal of Information Security.
Zhang, Y. (2023). Assessing the security of im-age classification models using the Ana-lytic Network Process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution. Journal of Security Engineering.