Teachers’ Readiness in Phonemic Awareness Instructions and the Reading Performance of the Grade II Pupils Zone 4, Division of Zambales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.10.26Keywords:
Phonemic Awareness, Teacher Readiness, Reading Performance, Early Literacy, Grade II Pupils, Instructional Strategies, Zambales DivisionAbstract
Before a child learns to read printed materials, they need to become aware of how sounds in words work. Thus, a child needs to be phonemically aware to become a reader. One factor that could be associated with this is the readiness of teachers in phonemic awareness concepts before they teach for the pupils to spontaneously acquire phonemic awareness. This study of teachers’ readiness in PA (Phonemic Awareness) instructions’ relationship to reading performance of Grade 2 pupils builds upon this body of research by utilizing descriptive correlational research. This study examined further the relationship of the eighteen (18) teacher respondents’ profile and their readiness in PA Instructions which revealed that highest educational attainment variable and attendance to seminars, trainings and workshops focusing on phonemic awareness is moderately associated with their readiness in PA instructions. Participants of the study are 497 Grade 2 pupils from nine (9) schools in Zone 4 Division of Zambales. Results revealed an improvement in the reading performance of the pupil participants, through a PHIL-IRI (Philippine Informal Reading Inventory Test- Oral Reading Test), as a result of highlighted readiness in PA Instructions. The conclusion that there is a significant relationship of the teachers’ readiness in PA instructions and reading performance of Grade 2 pupils offer important information for teachers, educational leaders and other professionals to conduct professional development activities such as seminars, training, and workshops to ensure that the teachers are updated to the needs of the present generation of learners.
Downloads
References
Adams, M. J. (1990). Beginning to read: Think-ing and learning about print. Cam-bridge,MA:MIT Press.
April Klazema (2014). Types of Quantitative Research for Students and Researchers. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/types-of-quantitative-research/ on June 9,2014
Ball, E. W., & Blachman, B. A. (1991). Does phoneme awareness training in kinder-garten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling? Reading Research Quarterly, 26(1), 49–66.
Becker, A (2013) The History of Phonemic Awareness Pedagogy.Retrieved from https//prezi.com on Dece.17,2013
Bonnie B. Armbruster, Ph.D., Fran Lehr and Jean Osborn, M. Ed., Champaign (2003) Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read.p.2
Bos, C., Mather, N., Dickson, S., Podhajski, B., & Chard, D. (2001). Perceptions and knowledge of preservice and inservice educators about early reading instruc-tion. Annals of Dyslexia,51, 97-120.
Chapman, M. L. (2003). Phonemic awareness: Clarifying what we know. Literacy Teach-ing and Learning: An International Jour-nal of Early Reading and Writing, 7, 91-114. Retrieved from http://www.readingrecovery.org/sections/home/LTLVol7No1_2.asp on March 25,2005.
Ehri, L. C., Nunes, S. R., Willows, D. M., Schus-ter, B. V., Yaghoub-Zadeh, Z., & Shanahan, T. (2001). Phonemic awareness instruc-tion helps children learn to read: Evi-dence from the National Reading Panel's meta-analysis. Reading Research Quarter-ly, 36(3), 250–287.
Evaluation System (2009) Foundation of Read-ing (90) – Practice Test Massachusetts
USA: Pearson Education,Inc. Retrieved from www.mtel.nesinc.com on January
, 2016
Floyd J. Fowler, Jr. (2014). Survey Research Methods. Retrieved from https//books.google.com.ph
Griffith, P., & Olson, M. (1992). Phonemic awareness helps beginning readers break the code. The Reading Teacher, 45(7), 516-523.
Honig, B. (2001). Teaching our children to read: The components of an effective, comprehensivereading program (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Hoover Wesley A.(2002) The Importance of Phonemic Awareness in Learning to Read. SEDL Letter Volume XIV, Number 3, December 2002, Putting Reading First
International Reading Association. (1998). Phonemic awareness and the teaching of reading: A position statement from the board of directors of the internation-al reading association (Brochure). Cun-ningham, H.W., Cunningham, P.M.,Hoffman, J.V., and Yopp, H.K: Au-thors.
Juel, C. (1988). Learning to read and write: A longitudinal study of 54 children from first through fourth grades.Journal of Ed-ucational Psychology, 80, 437-447.
Nalzaro, L (2012). Theoretical and Conceptual Framework. Retrieved from https//slideshare.net on June 9,2012
National English Proficiency Program (NEPP) Modules 1-3 (May 2006) from the De-partment of Education
National Reading Panel. (April, 2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based As-sessment of the Scientific Research Liter-ature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Neuman, S.B., Copple, C., & Bredekamp, S.B. (2000). Learning to read and write: Developmentally appropriate practices for young children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Educa-tion of Young Children.
Pressley, M., & Rankin, J. (1994). More about whole language methods of reading in-struction for students at risk for early reading failure. Learning Disabilities Re-search & Practice,9(3), 157-168.
Pressley, M., Rankin, J., & Yokoi, L. (1996). A survey of instructional practices of pri-mary teachers nominated as effective in promoting literacy. Elementary School Journal, 96,363-384.
Smith S. B., Simmons, D. C., & Kame'enui, E. J. (1998). Phonological awareness:
Instructional and curricular basics and impli-cations. In D. C. Simmons & E. J. Kame'enui (eds.), What reading research tells us about children with diverse learn-ing needs: Bases and basics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Smith,WP(2015). Effective Teaching Strategies for Teaching Phonemic Aware-ness.Retrieved from https//www.k12 reader.com
Snider, V. E. (1995). A primer on phonemic awareness: What it is, why it’s important, and how to teach it. School Psychology Review, 24(3), 443–455.
Stanovich, K. E. (1986). Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individu-al differences in the acquisition of litera-cy. Reading Research Quarterly, 21(4), 360–407.
Snow, C. E., Burns, M. S., & Griffin, P. (Eds.). (1998). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Strickland, D. (March, 1998). What’s basic in beginning reading? Finding common ground. Educational Leadership, 55(6), 6-10
Uhry, J. K. (1999). Phonological awareness and reading: Theory, research, and instruc-tional activities. In J. R. Birsh (Ed.), Multi-sensory teaching of basic language skills (pp. 63–84). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Yopp, H. K. (1992). Developing phonemic awareness in young children. The Read-ing Teacher, 45(9), 696-703.
Yopp, H. K. (1995). A test for assessing pho-nemic awareness in young children. The Reading Teacher, 49(1), 22.
Yopp, H. K., & Yopp, R. H. (2000). Supporting Phonemic awareness development in the classroom. The Reading Teacher, 54(2), 130-143.
Clara, Youd et.al (2013), Defining Parental
Article within a journal supplement:
Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lovelyn Martin Abay

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).














