Bullying Victimization, Perpetration and Bystander Experiences of Learners in San Guillermo National High School
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.10.27Keywords:
Bullying, Victimization, Perpetration, Bystander Behavior, Learners, School Climate, San Guillermo National High SchoolAbstract
This research outlined the situation regarding bullying victimization, perpetration, and bystander experiences among students at San Guillermo National High School for the academic year 2022 – 2023. This study employed a quantitative approach. A probability sampling method was utilized to identify the sample. The respondents' views on bullying were assessed based on their profile variables. A majority of those surveyed are women. The average age of those surveyed is 16.11. Eighth grade has the highest number of participants. Most of the respondents faced bullying (victims). The majority of them observed other students experiencing bullying (bystanders). Fewer respondents have become bullies towards other learners (bullies). Most bullying incidents occur in homeroom classes. Bullies usually target their peers. The reasons for it lie in physical attributes. Most of the time, the parents and the school are unaware of the bullying incidents. A notable disparity exists in how respondents perceive things when categorized by gender and grade level. The perceptions of the respondents show no significant differences when categorized by age. It is hence advised to educate teachers, students, and parents regarding Republic Act No. 10627, referred to as “The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013,” and DepEd Order No. 40, series of 2012, known as the “DepEd Child Protection Policy.” Developing an Intervention Program to tackle bullying events in schools is essential as well.
Downloads
References
Baldry, A. C. (2004). The impact of direct and indirect bullying on the mental and phys-ical health of Italian youngsters. Aggres-sive Behavior, 30, 343-355.
Baldry, A.C. & Farrington, D.P. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: Personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Communi-ty Applied Sociology, 10, 17-31.
Bauman, S., & Del Rio, A. (2006) Preservice teachers response to bullying scenarios: Comparing physical, verbal, and relation-al bullying. Journal of Educational Psy-chology, 98 (1), 219- 231.
Berthold, K.A., & Hoover, J.H. (2000). Corre-lates of bullying and victimization among intermediate students in the midwestern USA. School of Psychology International, 21, 65 – 78
Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Ruin, K., & Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. British Journal of Medicine, 323, 480–484.
Bjereld, Y., Augustine, L., & Thornberg, R. (2020). Measuring the Prevalence of Peer Bullying Victimization: Review of Studies from Sweden during 1993–2017. Re-trieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740920311270 last May 30, 2023.
BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education, Volume 13, Issue 3, 2021. Retrieved from chrome-exten-si-on://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1306682.pdf last November 23, 2023
Caines, A. (2021). Keeping School Learning Environments Safe from Bullying.
Cheng, Y., Chen, L., Liu, K, & Chen, Y. (2011). Development and Psychometric Evalua-tion of the School Bullying Scales: A Rasch Measurement Approach. Educa-tional and Psychological Measurement. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254089387_Development_and_Psychometric_Evaluation_of_the_School_Bullying_Scales_A_Rasch_Measurement_Approach last May 30, 2023
Crick, N. R. (1996). The role of overt aggres-sion, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children’s future social adjustment. Child Develop-ment, 67, 2317-2327.
Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995) Relations aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Devel-opment, 66, 710-722.
Eisenberg, M. E., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Per-ry, C. L. (2003). Peer harassment, school connectedness, and academic achieve-ment. Journal of School Health, 73, 311–316.
Fernandez, D. (2023). Philippines tops 70 countries in bullying, PISA data reveals – Gatchalian. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Re-trieved from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1729112/fwd-ph-tops-70-nations-in-bullying-as-17-5-million-students-bullied last November 22, 2023.
Gaete, J., Valenzuela D., Godoy, M., Rojas-Barahona C., Salmivalli, C. & Araya, R. (2021). Validation of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R) among Adolescents in Chile. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.578661/full last May 30, 2023
Gardner, B. (2013). Childhood bullying: Not a big deal? The Incidental
Economist. Retrieved from https://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/childhood-bullying-not-a-big-deal/ last November 23, 2023
Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B., & Malhi, G. S. (2006). Do bullied children become anx-ious and depressed adults? A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 201–208.
Gordon, S. (2022). 16-Year-Old Child Devel-opment Milestones. Retrieved from https://www.verywellfamily.com/16-year-old-developmental-milestones-4171922#:~:text=Turning%2016%20is%20big%20deal,take%20the%20appropriate%20standardized%20tests. last No-vember 22, 2023
Hamburger M., Basile, K, & Vivolo, A., 2011). Measuring Bullying Victimization, Perpe-tration, and Bystander Experiences: A Compendium of Assessment Tools. Na-tional Center for Injury Prevention and Control Division of Violence Preven-tion.1,69 - 78
Harnalova, E., Sivrikova, N., Popova, I. & Lapaeva, E. (2019). High school students' perception of bullying as a phenomenon of group action. Retrieved from chrome-exten-si-on://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.shs-confer-en-ces.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2019/11/shsconf_ictdpp2018_08017.pdf last No-vember 23, 2023
Hawker, D. S. J., & Boulton, M. J. (2000). Twen-ty years’ research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychia-try and Allied Disciplines, 41, 441–455.
Hoover, J. H., Oliver, R., & Hazler, R. J. (1992). Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent vic-tims in Midwestern USA. School Psychol-ogy International, 13, 5–16.
Johnson, Calyn G. (2013). Forms of Bullying, Implications, Demographics, and a Re-view of an Anti-bullying Prevention Pro-gram. Retieved from chromeexten-si-on://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2013/2013johnsonc.pdf last May 30, 2023
Klomek, A. B., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2007). Bul-lying, depression, and suicidality in ado-lescents. Journal of the American Acade-my of Child Psychology, 46, 40–49.
Kristensen, S. M., & Smith, P. K. (2003). The use of coping strategies by Danish chil-dren classed as bullies, victims, bul-ly/victims, and not involved, in response to different (hypothetical) types of bully-ing. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44, 479-488.
Li, Q. (2006). Cyberbullying in schools: A re-search of gender differences. School Psychology International, 27, 157-170.
Macasero, R. (2023). Bullying in schools un-derreported, says chair of Senate educa-tion panel. Rappler. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/nation/bullying-schools-underreported-senate-hearing-february-13-2023/ last Novem-ber 22, 2023.
Muhopilah, P., Tentama, F., & Yuzarion (2020). Bullying Scale: A Psychometric Study for Bullying Perpetrators in Junior High School. Faculty of Psychology, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indone-sia. Retrieved from https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/download/3158/5795 last May 30, 2023
Nansel, T.R., Craig, W., Overpeck, M. D., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W.J. (2004). Cross-national consistency in the relationship between bullying behaviors and psychosocial ad-justment. Archives of Pediatric and Ado-lescent Medicine, 158, 730 – 736.
Rigby, K. (2013). Opinion: Bullying in schools and its relation to parenting and family life. Retrieved from https://aifs.gov.au/research/family-matters/no-92/opinion-bullying-schools-and-its-relation-parenting-and-family-life last November 22, 2023.
Rivers I., Poteat, V.P., Noret N., & Ashurst, N. (2009). Observing Bullying at School: The Mental Health Implications of Witness Status. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-23923-001 last May 10, 2023
Salmivalli, C. (2001). Group view on victimiza-tion: Empirical findings and their implica-tions. In J. Juvonen, & S. Graham (Eds.). Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 398–419). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullying hurt? The effects of bullying on the per-sonal well- being and educational pro-gress of secondary school students. Edu-cational and Child Psychology, 12 (2), 81-88.
Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandina-vian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154.
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., & Tip-pet, N. (2006). An investigation into cyberbullying, its forms, awareness and impact, and the relationship between age and gender in cyberbulling. Research Brief No. RBX03-06. DfES, London.
Smith, T., Bauerband, L., Aguayo, D., McCall, C., Huang, F., Reinke, W., &
Herman, K. (2021). School Bullying and Gen-der Minority Youth: Victimization Experi-ences and Perceived Prevalence. Re-trieved from chrome-exten-si-on://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED625978.pdf last November 23, 2023
Smith, W.G. (2008). Does Gender Influence Online Survey Participation? A Record Linkage Analysis of University Faculty Online Survey Response
Behavior. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234742407_Does_Gender_Influence_Online_Survey_Participation_A_Record-Link-age_Analysis_of_University_Faculty_Online_Survey_Response_Behavior#:~:text=Accord-ing%20to%20Smith%20(2008)%20%2C,age%20group%20at%20PSHS%2DIRC last November 22, 2023
Sourander, A., Helstela, L., Helenius, H., & Piha, J. (2000). Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 873–881.
Vanderbilt, D. & Augustyn, M. (2010). The Ef-fects of Bullying. Paediatrics and Child Health, Volume 20, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 315-320. Retrieved fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1751722210000715 last May10, 2023
Article within a journal supplement:
Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ernesto M. Samson Jr.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).
