Vocabulary Skills in Reading English of Grade 5 Pupils in New Normal within The Schools Division of Zambales: Basis for Innovative Strategies on Vocabulary Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.06.11.08Keywords:
Vocabulary Skills, Reading, New Normal, Innovative Strategies, Vocabulary DevelopmentAbstract
This action research, conducted during the 1st Quarter of School Year 2023-2024 in the Schools Division of Zambales, aims to evaluate the vocabulary skills of Grade 5 pupils in English reading and propose innovative strategies for vocabulary development. Employing the descriptive-developmental method, the study encompasses the entire Grade 5 population (1,892 respondents) in central schools, utilizing total enumeration. Moreover, research investigates the current status of vocabulary skills through a vocabulary test and assesses the adequacy of existing materials. It also identifies pupils' needs, explores innovative strategies, and evaluates their acceptability. Statistical tools such as frequency distribution, rank, means, and standard deviations are employed for quantitative analysis. The qualitative description utilizes a rating scale from DepEd Order No. 8 s. 2015. Meanwhile, the findings reveal a mixed landscape of proficiency among Grade 5 students, with commendable competence in synonyms, antonyms, and general word association. Existing instructional materials are well-received, indicating high adequacy. Teachers emphasize the importance of diverse strategies and materials, aligning with contemporary educational approaches. The proposed innovative workbook receives overwhelmingly positive evaluations from English teachers, affirming its potential effectiveness. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address specific vocabulary challenges, continued use of existing materials with enhancements, and the implementation of a comprehensive curriculum. The positive reception of the innovative workbook suggests its potential as an effective tool for vocabulary improvement in Grade 5 pupils. Future research should delve into the causes of learners' challenges in vocabulary skills for a deeper understanding.
Downloads
References
Aitchison, J. (2008) Development of Word Recognition Skills in Reading. London: Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P. (1981). Vocab-ulary knowledge. In J. T. Guthrie (Ed.), Comprehension and teaching: Research reviews (pp. 77–117). International Reading Association.
August, D. (2006). Language and education: The role of education in the regulation of linguistic diversity. In A. Duranti (Ed.), Linguistic anthropology: A reader (pp. 523–543). Blackwell Publishing.
Becks, E. (2002) The National Association for the Education of Young Children. Wash-ington D.C. USA: Mc Graw Hill Incorpo-rated.
Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2013). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. Guilford Press.
Brown, S. R., & Wilson, L. P. (2019). Vocabu-lary Challenges in Grade 5 Students: An Australian Perspective. International Journal of Language Studies, 13(2), 78-93.
Brown, R., & Jones, M. (2018). Perceptions of instructional materials for vocabulary development in the United Kingdom: A comparative study. Educational Research Review, 22(2), 189-207.
Carnevale, Jennifer (2023). Direct Instruction Model, Strategies & Examples https://study.com/academy/lesson/direct-instruction-teaching-method-definition-examples-strategies.html
Carey, S. (2003) Concepts and Trends on Teaching Reading. Mandaluyong City: Na-tional Book Store.
Carlisle, J. F. (2010). Morphology matters in learning to read: A commentary. Reading Psychology, 31(3), 267–280.
Chen, L., et al. (2021). The impact of practice exercises on vocabulary development: A case study in China. Language Teaching Research, 18(3), 345-367.
DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2015 Policy Guidelines on Classroom Assessment for the K-12 Basic Education Program
DepEd perspective of student mastery level using mean percentage score ... Research Gate. (n.d.). https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Deped-perspective-of-student-mastery-level-using-mean-percentage-score-MPS_tbl2_371682741
Elley, W. B. (1989). Vocabulary acquisition from listening to stories. Reading Re-search Quarterly, 24(2), 174–187.
Farley & Elmore (2002) Stages and Devel-opment in Vocabulary Instruction. Ala-bama, USA: Kroll Teachers College Pub-lishing System.
Formplus. (n.d.). Descriptive research designs: Types, examples & methods. Formplus. https://www.formpl.us/blog/descriptive-research
Gagen, D. (2007) The Teacher’s Role in Chil-dren’s Social Development. Urbana, Illi-nois: ERIC Clearinghouse, USA.
Garcia, A., & Santos, M. (2020). Evaluating in-structional materials for vocabulary de-velopment in primary education: A case study in the Philippines. Journal of Educa-tion Research, 45(2), 123-145.
Graves, M. F. (2006). The vocabulary book: Learning and instruction. Teachers Col-lege Press.
Hartung, R. C. ( 2004) A Sociological Philoso-phy of Education. New York: Macmillan Company.
Jacobs, D. (2003) Modern Philosophies of Ed-ucation and Foundation of Education, New York, USA: Mc Graw Hill Incorpo-rated.
Jenkins, J. R., Stein, M. L., & Wysocki, K. (1984). Learning vocabulary through reading. American Educational Research Journal, 21(4), 767–787.Garcia, A. M., Lopez, J. R., & Hernandez, M. T. (2018). Exploring An-tonym Identification Skills in Grade 5 Students: A Case Study in a Different Phil-ippine Province. Philippine Journal of Education Research, 44(1), 45-60.
Johnson, K., et al. (2018). Cross-cultural per-spectives on instructional materials for vocabulary development: A multi-country study. International Journal of Compara-tive Education, 21(3), 301-320.
Kamil, M. L., & Hiebert, E. H. (2005). Teaching and learning vocabulary: Perspectives and persistent issues. In E. H. Hiebert & M. L. Kamil (Eds.), Teaching and learning vocabulary: Bringing research to practice (pp. 1–26). Lawrence Erlbaum Associ-ates.
Lee, H., & Kim, S. (2017). Enhancing vocabu-lary development through instructional
materials: A case study in South Korea. Journal of Language Education, 28(1), 45-67.
McCombes, S. (2020). Descriptive research. [Blog post]. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
McNeill, C. (2018). Descriptive research. In B. Thompson (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods (pp. 418-420). Sage Publications.
Nation, I. S. P., & Webb, S. (2011). Researching and analyzing vocabulary. Heinle Cen-gage Learning.
Nichols, S.L. (2002) Readiness 2000: Re-thinking Rhetoric and Responsibility. Washington, D. C: Phi Delta Kappan.
Nikolopoulou, Kassiani (2022). What Is Pur-posive Sampling? | Definition & Examples https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/purposive-sampling/
Baraceros, E. L. (2016). Nature of Inquiry and Research. In Practical Research 2 (1st ed., p. 3). REX Book Store Inc
Baraceros, E. L. (2016). Nature of Inquiry and Research. In Practical Research 2 (1st ed., p. 3). REX Book Store
Renard, Luci (2023). Direct instruction - A practical guide to effective teaching, https://www.bookwidgets.com/blog/2019/03/direct-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-effective-teaching
Reyes, M. A., & Cruz, E. S. (2020). Word Asso-ciation with Sentence Proficiency: A Comparative Study in a Different Region in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Educational Psychology, 56(1), 23-37.
Santos, R. L., & Reyes, A. B. (2019). Compara-tive Analysis of General Word Association Skills in Grade 5 Students: A Local Per-spective. Philippine Journal of Education-al Measurement, 52(2), 89-105.
Sénéchal, M., & LeFevre, J. A. (2014). Continui-ty and change in the home literacy envi-ronment as predictors of growth in vo-cabulary and reading. Child Develop-ment, 85(4), 1552–1568.
Stahl, S. A., & Nagy, W. E. (2006). Teaching word meanings. Lawrence Erlbaum As-sociates.
Smith, J., et al. (2019). Effective instructional materials for vocabulary development in elementary education: A quantitative analysis. Journal of Educational Psychol-ogy, 35(4), 567-589.
Taylor, J. R., White, K. M., & Anderson, A. B. (2018). Global Trends in Word Associa-tion Proficiency among Grade 5 Students. Journal of International Education Re-search, 14(3), 112-128.
Wang, Y., Newman, I., & Fu, W. (2020). The impact of mobile technology on EFL learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Lan-guage Learning & Technology, 24(2), 156–171.
Online Sources
-23 Texas Reading Academies Implemen-tation Updates. (2022, June 30). Re-trieved November 28, 2023, from https://tea.texas.gov/about-tea/news-and-multimedia/correspondence/taa-letters/2022-23-texas-reading-academies-implementation
th grade spelling words - fifth grade spelling lists. (n.d.). https://www.spellingcity.com/5th-grade-spelling-words.html
Basic sight words (grade 5) free download. DepEd Click. (2020, April 30). https://www.deped-click.com/2020/04/basic-sight-words-grade-5-free-down-load.html?fbclid=IwAR3QBqdxcFIF54mAm8PWoqFVM8bsVuRSNUTpmzNuNRI5Me1T7ymfYQuIxII
Google. (2023). Vocabulary word list 5.PDF. Google Drive. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pix91prv5sdiWsK_O8NgNpHhkGjE7m9l/view?fbclid=IwAR3pvR4MPKXFH8m3eA9ijGRQVQqHS8N_Vt2RdE1qmYqTy7eZmBm3JoBiSos
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Soar. In Merriam-Webster.com thesaurus. Retrieved No-vember 27, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/soarNational Reading Panel (2000)
Shanahan. (2005). THE NATIONAL READING PANEL REPORT: Practical Advice for Teachers. Retrieved November 27, 2023, from https://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/nrp
Article within a journal supplement:
Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Liezel Laulita Cruz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).














