Principals and Teachers’ K to 12 Implementation Experiences in Bohol: A Case Study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.07.05.07

Keywords:

Curriculum implementation, Educational management, Implementation challenges, K to 12 Senior High School, Philippines, School leadership, Teachers’ experiences

Abstract

The K to 12 program was implemented to produce globally-competent graduates by adding two more years of the basic education. However, each implementation of educational reforms would have lots of issues to contend. This study explored the K to12 Senior High School (SHS) Program implementation experiences of the principals and teachers. It employed a case study design, analyzing personal experiences and views to understand and provide insights and recommendations about the K to 12 Basic Education Program (specifically Grade 11), based on the experiences of principals and teachers from Senior High Schools in Bohol, Philippines. Two (2) sets of researcher-designed interview guides were used to conduct unstructured interviews. Thematic analysis was applied in analysing the data.There were three emergent themes that were developed from the experiences of the research participants, such as: K to 12 Transition Management, K to 12 Implementation Challenges, and Mitigating Measures. The essence and salient features of the K to 12 Senior High School (SHS) curriculum were well-crafted and helped the students enhance their skills and prepare them to be globally competitive since the Department of Education crafts it. Although the principals' role was to implement the curriculum and ensure that the students' concerns were addressed and left no one displaced in the Senior High School. Nevertheless, some challenges were encountered, such as the lack of sufficient teaching materials, facilities, classrooms, inadequate teachers' capacity-building programs, and students' social, economic, and psychological struggles that hindered academic access.

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Author Biographies

  • Fe R. Janiola, Holy Name University

    Fe R. Janiola Full Professor 2 at Holy Name University, Bohol, holds a PhD in Education majoring in Research and Evaluation from Cebu Normal University, a Master's in Mathematics from the University of San Carlos, and a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics cum laude from Holy Name University. She serves as a Mathematics, Statistics, Data Analytics and Research instructor and has experience as a project leader in Bohol for "The Region 7 and Negros Island Region K to 12 Program Implementation Experience." She is co-author of Ant Colony Learning Management System. She has made significant contributions to academia as a statistician, research evaluator and reviewer and adviser, with presentations at national and international conferences and publications in ISI and refereed journals, highlighting her impactful role in Mathematics, Ethnomathematics, and Education.

  • Judy Ann O. Ferrater-Gimena, Holy Name University

     Dr. Judy Ann O. Ferrater-Gimena is the current Director of the Research Center, faculty member, College of Business and Accountancy of the University of Cebu (UC) – Banilad  & University of Cebu Graduate School. She obtained the degree of Bachelor of Science in Commerce (BSC) Major in Economics at the University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R), in Cebu City, where she graduated cum laude and was awarded as the Most Outstanding Graduate of the College of Commerce and Excellence in Economics by the Council of Economic Educators. It is in the same university where she obtained her Master in Business Administration (MBA) [Thesis Program] as well as her degree in Doctor in Business Administration (DBA). She also graduated valedictorian both in high school at the Holy Trinity College in Ginatilan, Cebu; and in elementary at the Ginatilan Central School.

    She is also active in research activities and had done a research works in the university and some externally funded researches, entitled: Hull Design,  Standard for Philippine Seawater Typology (SPST), under the NICER (Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D) program Center of Modernized Maritime Transport System (CMMTS) of  Department of Science and Technology-PCIEERD; DARE TO Grant-in-Aid by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for a project entitled: The Region 7 and Negros Island K to 12 Implementation Experience: A Proposed Learning Management System; “Marine spatial planning of aquaculture facilities in the Philippines: Protecting biodiversity whilst maximising economic returns for local communities” in partnership with Centre for Fisheries and Aquatic Science (Cefas) in Lowestoft, England, under the CHED-Newton Fund Institutional Links Programme. She was also involved in a study under the CHED-Zonal Research Center entitled “Environmentally-directed Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the Career Municipal Government Official in Cebu”, a research undertaking in collaboration with other universities in Cebu City such as the University of San Carlos (USC), University of San Jose-Recoletos (USJ-R), Cebu Institute of Technology – University (CIT-U) and Cebu Normal University (CNU). Another research grant was awarded from the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) for the following projects: Citizen Satisfaction Index System for the City of Carcar in 2015; Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) for Cebu City in 2017; Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) for the Municipality of Sogod, Cebu in 2018; Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) for the Municipality of Alicia, Bohol in 2018; Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) for the Municipality of Larena, Siquijor in 2019; Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) for the Municipality of Balamban, Cebu also in 2019.

    Dr. Gimena had published her research works in various Scopus-indexed and reputable research journals, such as Seaweed aquaculture through the lens of gender: Participation, roles, pay and empowerment in Bantayan, Philippines at Journal of Rural Studies (Elsevier), Inventory Management Analysis of a HomeGrown Coffee Shop Using the System Dynamics Approach at Journal of Namibian Studies, Empowerment Development Model for Organic Farmers (Journal of Electrical Systems, 0(4s), 1370-1412 and 30 more published research articles.

    Dr. Gimena had presented her research papers in various research conferences here and abroad. Moreover, she was one of the presenters at the World Research Festival 2013, an international research conference, which was held at the Marco Polo Hotel, Davao City, Philippines last May 1-4, 2013, where she was awarded as the Best Oral Presenter. She also presented during the 3rd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research held at Dorsett KwunTong Hotel, Hongkong in 2015, where she got the Best in PowerPoint Presentation and at the 3rd International Conference on Business, Education, Engineering & Sciences (ICBEES) 2019 at the Rose Garden Hotel, Yangon, Myanmar and obtained the Best in Abstract Award and Best in Oral Presentation. She was also a recipient of Outstanding Researcher Award given by the University of Cebu and Outstanding Filipino Researcher awarded by the Phillippine Association of Institutions for Research in Hongkong.

    Aside from her faithful performance of her functions as a faculty member of UC – Banilad’s College of Business and Accountancy, she had also coached various business plan competitions, both local and national in scope. One of such competitions was the Pasigarbo sa Dakbayan sa Sugbo Interschool Business Plan Contest where the UC-Banilad’s entry the “UC-Namay” won the first (1st) prize. She was also one of the coaches of the UC-Banilad’s Team in the Obra Negosyo Eskwela Countryside Business Upliftment (ONE CEBU) Business Plan Contest where UC-Banilad was the Champion in both Season 1 and Season 2. Aside from winning the first prize, the UC-Banilad team, successfully implemented the projects such as CMD Black Beans and Taosio Manufacturing in Liki, Sogod, Cebu; Dawis Norte Fishermen’s Association Mudcab Fattening in BFAR-RFTC, in Dawis, Carmen, Cebu; and Catmon Native Chicken Carenderia in Poblacion, Catmon, Cebu. Furthermore she also coached UC-Banilad’s entry “Mango Seed Oil” at  the British Council Business Plan Contest which won the first place and got a Php 100,000.00 financial grant.

    Before she joined the academe, she had various experiences in the shipping and forwarding industry and had worked with the banking industry for several years. 

  • Renato C. Sagayno, Holy Name University

    Dr. Renato C. Sagayno is an educator and researcher with extensive experience in mathematics, research, and statistics. He holds a Doctor in Development Education (Dev.Ed.D.) with a major in Administration and Supervision from Cebu Technological University, complementing her Master in Science Teaching (MST) in Mathematics and a Master in Education (M.Ed.) in Administration and Supervision.

    Currently serving as the Research Director at the University of Cebu – Main Campus, he has been a dedicated faculty member in undergraduate and graduate programs, specializing in mathematics and research. His expertise extends to accreditation and quality assessment, being an accreditor for PACUCOA and a former member of CHED Region VII's Regional Quality Assessment Team (RQAT).

    As a researcher, he has published numerous studies on education, mathematics, and social sciences in international journals. She is also an active member of professional organizations, including the Asian Qualitative Research Association (AQRA) and the Philippine Association of Researchers and Statistical Software Users.

    Beyond research, he has been a resource speaker in various workshops on research methodologies, statistical analysis, and academic writing. With a strong commitment to academic excellence, he continues to contribute to educational research, curriculum development, and faculty training.

     

  • Rex T. Argate, Holy Name University

    Rex T. Argate graduated with the degree, Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies from University of Cebu – Main Campus. He earned his Master of Arts in Education major in English and Doctor of Education major in Educational Leadership and Management from University of the Visayas.  He has also completed his academic requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Education major in Social Studies from Cebu Technological University.His working experience included being an English and Social Studies teacher of St. Alphonsus Catholic School in Lapu-Lapu City where he also served as its English Coordinator for several years. After leaving his high school teaching assignment, he worked at University of Cebu – Main Campus as instructor of the College of Teacher Education where he handled General Education subjects, Professional Education subjects, and Major Subjects in Social Studies. Eventually, he became the Chairperson of its Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) Program. Currently, he is the Dean of the College of Teacher Education. He is also the Chairperson of the Education Program of its Graduate School.

     

     

     

     

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Published

23-05-2026

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 5 (2026): International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research

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Copyright (c) 2026 Fe R. Janiola, Judy Ann O. Ferrater-Gimena, Renato C. Sagayno, Mauro Allan P. Amparado, Rex T. Argate, Rithsun J. Mamacos

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How to Cite

Janiola, F. R., Ferrater-Gimena, J. A. O., Sagayno, R. C., Amparado, M. A. P., Argate, R. T., & Mamacos, R. J. (2026). Principals and Teachers’ K to 12 Implementation Experiences in Bohol: A Case Study. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 7(5), 1910-1927. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.07.05.07