Landsat-Based Monitoring of Mangrove Blue Carbon Supporting Industry 5.0 in Gresik Coastal Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/Keywords:
Blue carbon, Mangrove, NDVI, Remote Sensing, Industry 5.0Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role as blue carbon reservoirs while providing ecological services that support the sustainability of coastal environments. However, rapid industrial development in coastal areas has increased pressure on mangrove ecosystems, highlighting the need for efficient and data-driven environmental monitoring. This study aimed to estimate mangrove blue carbon potential using Landsat 8/9 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to support the implementation of Industry 5.0 in coastal industrial areas of Gresik Regency, Indonesia. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS through NDVI calculation, land cover classification, and above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation based on an NDVI-derived allometric equation. Three industrial zones (Industry A, Industry B, and Industry C) were analyzed as representative study areas. The results showed that Industry C had the largest mangrove cover (26.30%), followed by Industry B (14.10%) and Industry A (8.77%). Nevertheless, Industry A exhibited the highest NDVI value (0.41) and the greatest estimated blue carbon stock (60.31 tC), followed by Industry C (54.21 tC) and Industry B (33.08 tC). The integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides an effective, low-cost, and repeatable approach for periodic mangrove monitoring. Furthermore, the resulting spatial information has significant potential to support environmental management, mangrove rehabilitation, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reporting, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evaluation, and digital environmental monitoring systems aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0.
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