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Abstract
The thrust of the PNP is the continuing development and well-being of women and children investigators. To this end, a training needs assessment was conducted. This assessment is considered hybrid because it includes self-care, particularly the psychosocial and mental health needs of the WCPD investigators in their training. This study used a quantitative and descriptive approach to gather and analyze data. The questionnaire, which consisted of a 4-point scale, was used to assess the training needs of the WCPD personnel of the NCRPO from the regional headquarters down to its 5 district offices (NPD et al., and QCPD).
Notably, the result of the study shows that family and self-care, including psychosocial and mental health, are highly needed as they describe the development and maintenance of stable physical and mental health. Additionally, the data gathered affirm that training and personnel capability enhancement and management and administration of assignments are highly needed. Specifically, the areas such as deployment of policewomen in the WCPD, placement of female WCPD Chief and personnel, Staffing Pattern and provision of an adequate number of personnel, strengthening of WCPC in the management of human resources, streamlining and efficient system of processing of the request for reassignment and placement of personnel, including the policy on reassignment, Standardization of WCPD offices, localization of assignment of WCPD investigators and required years of stay in the WCPD, are the points to be considered and improved in order to achieve optimum performance of WCPD as an office/ unit.
Thus, the study provides an enhancement program for the training needs of WCPC investigators.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
De Lana, M. S. R. –, Tanigue, Y., & Villa, E. B. (2024). Training Needs Assessment (TNA) of the Women and Children Protection Desk (WCPD) Investigators: Basis for a Proposed Enhancement Program . International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 5(7), 2687-2715. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.05.07.25
References
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Brown, J. (2002). Training Needs Assessment: A Must for Developing an Effective Training Program. Public Personnel Management, 31(4), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100412
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Chalofsky, N. E., Rocco, T. S., & Morris, M. L. (2014). Handbook of human resource management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons
Chappell A. T., Lanza-Kaduce L. (2010). Police academy socialization: understanding the lessons learned in a paramilitary bureaucratic organization. J. Contemp. Ethnogr. 39 187–214. 10.1177/0891241609342230
Charles R. Swanson, Leonard Territo, & Robert W. Taylor .(2016). Police Administration (Structures, Processes, and Behavior) 9th ed.
Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-SA).(2010). Principles of Management. 16.5 Effective Selection and Placement Strategies. https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmanagement/chapter/16-5-effective-selection-and-placement-strategies/
Cultura, Cabatay, Dale, & Mojares, (2017). Problems encountered by PNP Women and Children’s Desk Officers in handling cases of violence against women. College of Criminology Research Journal, http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CRIM-2017-004.pdf
Declaration on Elimination of Violence Against Women https://www.lawphil.net/international/treaties/dec_dec_1993.html
Dempsey, J. S., Forst, L. S., & Carter, S. B. (2016). An introduction to policing (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage
Denby, S. (2010). The importance of training needs analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(3), 147-150.
DIDM Investigative Directive 2020-002, entitled Guidelines on the Transfer of Pre-Charge Evaluators and Investigators
DOH Administrative Order No. 2016-0039, entitled “Revised Operational Framework Comprehensive National Mental Health Program”.
Dulin, Guadamor, Pascua, & Eusebio (May 2017). Godliness in the Philippine National Police. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278-6236 from https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/May2017/17.pdf
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Glowak, M .(2020).What is self-care and why is it important for you?. Southern New Hamsphire, USA: Southern New Hampshire University. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/health/what-is-self-care
Guidelines on the Transfer of Pre-Charge Evaluators and Investigators. (2020).
Gyeltshen, K., Kamnuansilpa, P., Crumpton, C. D., & Wongthanavasu, S. (2020). Training needs assessment of the Royal Bhutan Police. Police Practice & Research, 22(1), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1716355
http://alagad.dict.gov.ph/~s1govdplpnpph/wpcontent/uploads/2022/04/SOP_No_2021-05.pdf
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/141344/Marok%20Engetou%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1
Ibrahim, Boerhannoeddin, & Bakare, K.K. (2017). The effect of soft skills and training methodology on employee performance. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), 388-406.
Kleygrewe, L., Oudejans, R. R. D., Koedijk, M., & Hutter, R. I. (2022). Police Training in Practice: Organization and Delivery According to European Law Enforcement Agencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798067
Koedijk M., Stuurman H. F., Renden P. G., Hutter R. I., Strating M., Oudejans R. R. (2020). The physical competence test of the dutch national police: the effects of wearing a police uniform on test performance. Pol. Pract. Res. 21 264–278. 10.1080/15614263.2019.1658583
Lasco, G. (2018, August 16). Romanticizing Resilience. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Lawler, M. (2023). What is self-care, and why is it so important for your health?.EverydayHeakth,Inc. https://www.everydayhealth.com/self-care/
Ludwikowska, K. (2018). The effectiveness of training needs analysis and its relation to employee efficiency. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja I Zarza̧Dz Anie, 77, 179–193. https://doi.org/10.21008/j.02399415.2018.077.11
Marenin O. (2004). Police training for democracy. Pol. Pract. Res. 5 107–123. 10.1080/156142604200190261.
Markaki, alhotra, Billings, & Theus, (2021). Training neds assessment: Tool utilization and global impact. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 310.
Mazhisham, Khalid, Nazli, Manap, & Hussain. (2018). Ientification of training needs
assessment in organizational context. IJTMSS, 1(5), 20-30.
McCoy M. R. (2006). Teaching style and the application of adult learning principles by police instructors. Pol. Int. J. Pol. Strat. Manag. 29 77–91. 10.1108/13639510610648494
Mental Health: Strengthening our Response, WHO,2022
NAMI (2023). Law Enforcement. Building Resiliency and Wellness for Law Enforcement Officers. https://www.nami.org/Advocacy/Crisis-Intervention/Law-Enforcement
Nami. (2023). Law Enforcement | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. Law Enforcement | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.nami.org/Advocacy/Crisis-Intervention/Law-Enforcement
NAPOLCOM MC Number 2019-001, (January 17, 2019) entitled “Prescribing the Placement and Promotion System for Third Level Officers”.
NAPOLCOM MC Number 2019-001, (January 17, 2019) entitled: “Prescribing the Placement and Promotion System for Third Level Officers”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO. 2014-441 ” Strengthening and Restructuring of the Women and Children Protection Center. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2023, from https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/about-wcpc/history
NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2014-441 entitled “Strengthening and Restructuring of the Women and Children Protection Center”>Women and Protection Center from (2017, November 11). https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/
NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2014-441 from https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/about-wcpc/history#
Ness J. J. (1991). The relevance of basic law enforcement training—Does the curriculum prepare recruits for police work: a survey study. J. Crim. Just. 19 181–193. 10.1016/0047-2352(91)90052-W
Osorio (2021). A multidimensional approach to address violence against women and girls and femicide/feminicide in Latin America and the Caribbean/United Nations Development. https://www.undp.org/latin-america/blog/multidimensional-approach-address-violence-against-women-and-girls-and-femicide/feminicide-latin-america-and-caribbea
Parfyonova, Meyer, Espinoza, Anderson, Cameron, Daljeet, & Vaters, C. (2019). Managerial support for employees’ psychological needs: A multidimensional approach. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000126
Parfyonova, Meyer, Espinoza, Anderson, Cameron, Daljeet, & Vaters, C. (2019). Managerial support for employees’ psychological needs: A multidimensional approach. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000126
Pathy, S. K. (2019). Training needs analysis for non-gazetted police personnel: An empirical study of commissioned police in Odisha. International Journal of Business, Economics & Management, 2(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijbem.v2n1.6
PNP Gender Profile, (February 2022), RMD,DPRM
PNP Manual PNPM-PNP-D0-21-21. (March 2021). Women and Children Protection Desk Investigator’s Manual
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Da Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 587. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587/full
Republic Act 11036, Mental Health Act.
Republic Act 6975 as amended by RA 8551 otherwise known as "Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998".
Republic Act 7192, The Women in Development and Nation Building Act.
Republic Act 9710, The Magna Carta of Women established in 2006
Rotmans, J. (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral S ciences. Participatory Method, retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/participatory-method
Section 57 and 58 of Republic Act (RA) No. 6975 , Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Act of 1990.
Skidmore, S. (2022) Descriptive research: Design & examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/learn/lesson/descriptive-research-design-method-examples.html
Stanislas, P. (2013). Conclusion. In P. Stanilas (Ed.), International perspectives on police education and training (pp.289–314). New York, NY: Routledge.
University of Cambridge. Human Resources. Capability Guidance. https://www.hr.admin.cam.ac.uk/files/capability_guidance.pdf
WCPC, DIDM, Disposition of Personnel, (January 2022)
WCPD Advisory Council Resolution No. 001-2020
WCPD,NCRPO, Disposition of Personnel, (February 2022)
Wharton & Erickson. (2013). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple roles
WHO. (2022). Mental Health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
Yazar, B. (2020) What is personnel training and why is it necessary? https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-personnel-training-why-necessary-bilgin-yazar
Allisey, Noblet, Lamontagne, & Houdmont. (2014). Testing a model of officer intentions to quit: The mediating effects of job stress and job satisfaction. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(6). doi:10.1177/0093854813509987
Birzer M. L., Tannehill R. (2001). A more effective training approach for contemporary policing. Pol. Quar. 4 233–252. 10.1037/amp0000186
Blumberg D. M., Schlosser M. D., Papazoglou K., Creighton S., Kaye C. C. (2019). New directions in police academy training: a call to action. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16 4941. 10.3390/ijerph16244941
Brown, J. (2002). Training Needs Assessment: A Must for Developing an Effective Training Program. Public Personnel Management, 31(4), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100412
CDC. (2021). About Mental Health. https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/learn/index.htm
Chalofsky, N. E., Rocco, T. S., & Morris, M. L. (2014). Handbook of human resource management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons
Chappell A. T., Lanza-Kaduce L. (2010). Police academy socialization: understanding the lessons learned in a paramilitary bureaucratic organization. J. Contemp. Ethnogr. 39 187–214. 10.1177/0891241609342230
Charles R. Swanson, Leonard Territo, & Robert W. Taylor .(2016). Police Administration (Structures, Processes, and Behavior) 9th ed.
Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-SA).(2010). Principles of Management. 16.5 Effective Selection and Placement Strategies. https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmanagement/chapter/16-5-effective-selection-and-placement-strategies/
Cultura, Cabatay, Dale, & Mojares, (2017). Problems encountered by PNP Women and Children’s Desk Officers in handling cases of violence against women. College of Criminology Research Journal, http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CRIM-2017-004.pdf
Declaration on Elimination of Violence Against Women https://www.lawphil.net/international/treaties/dec_dec_1993.html
Dempsey, J. S., Forst, L. S., & Carter, S. B. (2016). An introduction to policing (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage
Denby, S. (2010). The importance of training needs analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training, 42(3), 147-150.
DIDM Investigative Directive 2020-002, entitled Guidelines on the Transfer of Pre-Charge Evaluators and Investigators
DOH Administrative Order No. 2016-0039, entitled “Revised Operational Framework Comprehensive National Mental Health Program”.
Dulin, Guadamor, Pascua, & Eusebio (May 2017). Godliness in the Philippine National Police. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278-6236 from https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/May2017/17.pdf
Eatough, E. (2021) Why you need a self-care plan (and 5 ways to get started) retrieved from https://www.betterup.com/blog/self-care-plan
Ferreira, & Abbad, (2013). Training needs assessment: Where we are and where we should go. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 10, 77-99.
Gautam, A . (2022). 4 key areas to focus on for building employee capabilities in 2022. https://elearningindustry.com/key-areas-to-focus-on-for-building-employee-capabilities-in-2022
Glowak, M .(2020).What is self-care and why is it important for you?. Southern New Hamsphire, USA: Southern New Hampshire University. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/health/what-is-self-care
Guidelines on the Transfer of Pre-Charge Evaluators and Investigators. (2020).
Gyeltshen, K., Kamnuansilpa, P., Crumpton, C. D., & Wongthanavasu, S. (2020). Training needs assessment of the Royal Bhutan Police. Police Practice & Research, 22(1), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1716355
http://alagad.dict.gov.ph/~s1govdplpnpph/wpcontent/uploads/2022/04/SOP_No_2021-05.pdf
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/141344/Marok%20Engetou%20Thesis.pdf?sequence=1
Ibrahim, Boerhannoeddin, & Bakare, K.K. (2017). The effect of soft skills and training methodology on employee performance. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(4), 388-406.
Kleygrewe, L., Oudejans, R. R. D., Koedijk, M., & Hutter, R. I. (2022). Police Training in Practice: Organization and Delivery According to European Law Enforcement Agencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798067
Koedijk M., Stuurman H. F., Renden P. G., Hutter R. I., Strating M., Oudejans R. R. (2020). The physical competence test of the dutch national police: the effects of wearing a police uniform on test performance. Pol. Pract. Res. 21 264–278. 10.1080/15614263.2019.1658583
Lasco, G. (2018, August 16). Romanticizing Resilience. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Lawler, M. (2023). What is self-care, and why is it so important for your health?.EverydayHeakth,Inc. https://www.everydayhealth.com/self-care/
Ludwikowska, K. (2018). The effectiveness of training needs analysis and its relation to employee efficiency. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja I Zarza̧Dz Anie, 77, 179–193. https://doi.org/10.21008/j.02399415.2018.077.11
Marenin O. (2004). Police training for democracy. Pol. Pract. Res. 5 107–123. 10.1080/156142604200190261.
Markaki, alhotra, Billings, & Theus, (2021). Training neds assessment: Tool utilization and global impact. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 310.
Mazhisham, Khalid, Nazli, Manap, & Hussain. (2018). Ientification of training needs
assessment in organizational context. IJTMSS, 1(5), 20-30.
McCoy M. R. (2006). Teaching style and the application of adult learning principles by police instructors. Pol. Int. J. Pol. Strat. Manag. 29 77–91. 10.1108/13639510610648494
Mental Health: Strengthening our Response, WHO,2022
NAMI (2023). Law Enforcement. Building Resiliency and Wellness for Law Enforcement Officers. https://www.nami.org/Advocacy/Crisis-Intervention/Law-Enforcement
Nami. (2023). Law Enforcement | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. Law Enforcement | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://www.nami.org/Advocacy/Crisis-Intervention/Law-Enforcement
NAPOLCOM MC Number 2019-001, (January 17, 2019) entitled “Prescribing the Placement and Promotion System for Third Level Officers”.
NAPOLCOM MC Number 2019-001, (January 17, 2019) entitled: “Prescribing the Placement and Promotion System for Third Level Officers”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO. 2014-441 ” Strengthening and Restructuring of the Women and Children Protection Center. (n.d.). Retrieved June 8, 2023, from https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/about-wcpc/history
NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2014-441 entitled “Strengthening and Restructuring of the Women and Children Protection Center”>Women and Protection Center from (2017, November 11). https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/
NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2014-441 from https://wcpc.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/about-wcpc/history#
Ness J. J. (1991). The relevance of basic law enforcement training—Does the curriculum prepare recruits for police work: a survey study. J. Crim. Just. 19 181–193. 10.1016/0047-2352(91)90052-W
Osorio (2021). A multidimensional approach to address violence against women and girls and femicide/feminicide in Latin America and the Caribbean/United Nations Development. https://www.undp.org/latin-america/blog/multidimensional-approach-address-violence-against-women-and-girls-and-femicide/feminicide-latin-america-and-caribbea
Parfyonova, Meyer, Espinoza, Anderson, Cameron, Daljeet, & Vaters, C. (2019). Managerial support for employees’ psychological needs: A multidimensional approach. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000126
Parfyonova, Meyer, Espinoza, Anderson, Cameron, Daljeet, & Vaters, C. (2019). Managerial support for employees’ psychological needs: A multidimensional approach. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 51(2), 122–134. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000126
Pathy, S. K. (2019). Training needs analysis for non-gazetted police personnel: An empirical study of commissioned police in Odisha. International Journal of Business, Economics & Management, 2(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.31295/ijbem.v2n1.6
PNP Gender Profile, (February 2022), RMD,DPRM
PNP Manual PNPM-PNP-D0-21-21. (March 2021). Women and Children Protection Desk Investigator’s Manual
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Da Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 587. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00587/full
Republic Act 11036, Mental Health Act.
Republic Act 6975 as amended by RA 8551 otherwise known as "Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998".
Republic Act 7192, The Women in Development and Nation Building Act.
Republic Act 9710, The Magna Carta of Women established in 2006
Rotmans, J. (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral S ciences. Participatory Method, retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/participatory-method
Section 57 and 58 of Republic Act (RA) No. 6975 , Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Act of 1990.
Skidmore, S. (2022) Descriptive research: Design & examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/learn/lesson/descriptive-research-design-method-examples.html
Stanislas, P. (2013). Conclusion. In P. Stanilas (Ed.), International perspectives on police education and training (pp.289–314). New York, NY: Routledge.
University of Cambridge. Human Resources. Capability Guidance. https://www.hr.admin.cam.ac.uk/files/capability_guidance.pdf
WCPC, DIDM, Disposition of Personnel, (January 2022)
WCPD Advisory Council Resolution No. 001-2020
WCPD,NCRPO, Disposition of Personnel, (February 2022)
Wharton & Erickson. (2013). Managing emotions on the job and at home: Understanding the consequences of multiple roles
WHO. (2022). Mental Health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
Yazar, B. (2020) What is personnel training and why is it necessary? https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-personnel-training-why-necessary-bilgin-yazar