Value Chain Map of Bali Sardinella (Tamban) in Bulan, Sorsogon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/Keywords:
Fish commercialization, Food security, Philippine Fisheries, Sorsogon, Tamban, Value-added products, Value chain analysisAbstract
Fishery is an essential part of food security and livelihood among the Filipino people. This study described the value chain map of Tamban, the challenges encountered by the stakeholders that adversely affect its production, recommended measures to address those challenges, and proposed strategies towards its commercialization in Bulan, Sorsogon. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative data gathering procedures to produce an in-depth data for better analysis. Executed through using survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview, and official document analysis. Tamban is commonly sold to consumers and business in both fresh and processed forms such as dried, smoked, and canned. There are sixty-eight large-scale fish traders, and thirteen small-scale processors; nine for drying, three for smoking, and one for canning. The analysis demonstrates that the largest financial value-added net of cost was realized at the level of processors of fresh to be delivered to wet market for PHP 81.29 during the peak season and PHP 79.85 in lean season. Stakeholders face two major issues: the seasonality and fluctuating catch and the significant losses occurring in peak season. Negotiate fixed-rate/price range, annual contracts for essential supplies like ice, salt, fuel, and plastic bag. Create an emergency stockpile to cushion producers against sudden price shocks. A roadmap to meeting the set goals—minimize errors, idle time, hazards, cost, waste, and maximize opportunities, production, yield, sales, revenue, and efficiency is proposed.
Downloads
References
About Us. (2021). Philippine Fisheries Development Authority. https://pfda.gov.ph/index.php/about-us
Adan, A. C., Jorda, D. S., & Ocampo, A. L. (2020). Improving the value chain of small-scale fisheries in South Negros (Oriental/Occidental), Philippines. International Scientific Investigations Articles, 2(1), 1-10. https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/108529.pdf
Adepoju, A. O. (2014). Post-harvest losses and welfare of tomato farmers in Ogbomosho, Osun state, Nigeria. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 5(2), 8–13.
Ahmed, 2008. Post-harvest losses of fish in developing countries. Nutr. Health, 19 (2008), pp. 273-287, 10.1177/026010600801900403
Andersson, C. I. M., Chege, C. G. K., Rao, E. J. O., & Qaim, M. (2015). Following up on smallholder farmers and supermarkets in Kenya. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 97(4), 1247–1266. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aav006
Antwi-Asare T.O. and E.N. Abbey. (2011). Fishery value chain analysis Ghana. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO. 37p. Available online at: 〈https://www.fao.org/sustainable-food-value- chains/library/details/en/c/263569/〉
Arimond, M., Ruel, M.T., Dietary Diversity Is Associated with Child Nutritional Status: Evidence from 11 Demographic and Health Surveys, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 134, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 2579-2585, ISSN 0022-3166, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.10.2579.
Aripin, A., Coglan, L., Pascoe, S., & Hoang, V.-N. (2020). Productive efficiency and capacity utilization of sea bass grow-out culture in Peninsular Malaysia. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 24(1), 102–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2019.1677582
Agarwal, S. (2017). Post-harvest losses in agri-food supply chain: A literature review. International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering, 6(4), 400–407. Retrieved from https://www.ijarse.com/images/fullpdf/1491494167_IF2020ijarse.pdf
Asche, F., Guttormsen, A. G., & Tveteras, R. (2008). Aquaculture—Opportunities and challenges. Marine Resource Economics, 23(4), 395–400.
Bekele, D. (2021). A Review. Role of Postharvest Management Food Security. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, 9(7). Retrieved https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/role-of-postharvest- management-for-food-security-a-review-116715.html
Belton, B., Rosen, L., Middleton, L., & Ghazali, S. (2021). COVID-19 impacts and adaptations in Asia and Africa's aquatic food value chains. Marine Policy, 132, 104523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104523
Binswanger, H. P., & von Braun, J. (1991). Technological change and commercialization in agriculture: The effect on the poor. World Bank Research Observer, 6(1), 57–80.
Bradley, D., Merrifield, M., Miller, K. M., Lomonico, S., Wilson, J. R., & Gleason, M. G. (2019). Opportunities to improve fisheries management through innovative technology and advanced data systems. Fish and Fisheries, 20(3), 564–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12361
Brown, J., Hartwell, H., & Johnson, A. (2010). Value chain diagnostics: A guide to industrial development. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2020). National Sardine Management Plan. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/files/img/photos/Approved-NSMP-with-ISBN- min.pdf
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (2020). National sardines management plan. Department of Agriculture. https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/files/img/photos/Approved-NSMP-with-ISBN- min.pdf
Bjørndal, T., Dey, M., & Tusvik, A. (2024). Economic analysis of the contributions of aquaculture to future food security. Aquaculture, 578, Article 740071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740071
Business Mirror. (2021, June 16). Sustained efforts needed to manage sardine stocks in Bicol waters–group. Retrieved from Business Mirror: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2021/06/16/sustained-efforts-needed- tomanage-sardine-stocks-in-bicol-waters-group/
Cabrera-Sánchez, C. T., Montaño-Moctezuma, G., Coronado, E., Delgado-Ramírez, C. E., & Garza-Lagler, M. C. (2025). Analysis of value chain of the artisanal sea urchin fishery of Baja California, México. Marine Policy, 172, 106509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106509
Chea, R., Ahsan, D., García-Lorenzo, I., & Teh, L. (2023). Fish consumption patterns and value chain analysis in north-western Cambodia. Fisheries Research, 263, 106677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106677
Chegere, M. J., Kauky, M. S., & Sebastian, M. (2022). Agriculture commercialisation, household dietary diversity and nutrition in Tanzania. Food Policy, 111, 102283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102283
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. (1995a). 7-FISHERIES MANAGEMENT.
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. (1995b). 11-POST-HARVEST PRACTICES AND TRADE.
Cole, D. H., & McGinnis, M. D. (Eds.). (2018). Elinor Ostrom and the Bloomington School of Political Economy: Volume 4, Policy applications and extensions. Lexington Books.
Creating The Philippine Fish Marketing Authority, Defining its Functions and Powers, and for Other Purposes, Malacañang 1976) (Phil.), Pres. Dec. No. 977, (August 11, https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/08/11/presidential-decree-no- 977-s-1976/
Dapaah, G., & Samey, B. (2015). Post Harvesting Loss Reduction Study Report. The USAID/Ghana Sustainable Fisheries Management Project (SFMP). Narragansett, RI: Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island and SNV Netherlands Development Organization. GH2014_ACT016_SNV.
De Silva, D. A. M. (2011). Value chain of fish and fishery products: origin, functions and application in developed and developing country markets. Food and Agriculture organization, 63, 1-53.
Del Gatto, M., Di Liberto, A., & Petraglia, C. (2011). Measuring productivity. Journal of Economic Surveys, 25(5), 952–1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 6419.2010.00661.
De los Reyes, S. A. (2024). The story of the fishing industry of Bulan, Sorsogon, 1966–2004 [Master's thesis or Doctoral dissertation, De La Salle University]. Animo Repository. https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etdb_history/34/
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). (2012). Programs and services for the fishing industry. https://inba.info/2012dtiprogramsservicespdf_5758ac56b6d87f2c868b5015. html
Di Cintio, A., Scianna, C., & Prato, G. (2022). Small-scale fisheries value chain: An interview-based approach in Italian marine protected areas. Fish Research, 254, 106093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106093
Dichi, D. B. (2021). Role of postharvest management for food security: A review. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 9(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2021.v9.i4a.0232
Dorji, N. (2017). Best management practices in aquaculture in Bhutan. In S. S. Giri (Ed.), Best management practices in aquaculture: Capacity building and policy development (pp. 139–149). SAARC Agriculture Centre.
Dorji, N., Yamazaki, S., & Thinley, P. (2022). Productivity improvement to sustain small-scale fish production in developing countries: The case of Bhutan. Aquaculture, 548, Article 737612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737612
Dorji, N., Yamazaki, S., & Thinley, P. (2025). Commercialisation and productivity: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture in Bhutan. Aquaculture, 596, Article 741794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741794
Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries Project, Value Chain Analysis for Round Scad in Balayan Bay, United States Agency Int. Dev. Bur. Fish. Aquat. Resour., Manila, Philipp. (2015) 54.
El-Amin, G. (n.d.). Post-harvest fish handling [PowerPoint presentation]. GSG-MARF, Government of Sudan. Retrieved from www.gsg-marf.gov.sd/ppt/alamen.pdf
Executive Order No. 02, Series of 2016, Freedom of Information (FOI) Program. Section 3. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020a). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020: Sustainability in action. FAO.
FAO. (Year of Publication - Please find this within the PDF). Building a future for sustainable small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/5c018699-039b- 4aa4-84be-858e51c1c9f0/content
FAO. (2024). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2024: Blue transformation in action. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0683en
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020b). Decent rural employment: Fisheries and aquaculture. FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/rural- employment/agricultural-sub-sectors/fisheries-andaquaculture/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. (n.d.). Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Retrieved April 14, 2025, from https://www.fao.org/3/v9878e/v9878e00.htm
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2024, July 6). FAO report: Global fisheries and aquaculture production reaches a new record high [Press release]. https://www.fao.org/americas/news/news-detail/fao-report-- global-fisheries-and-aquaculture-production-reaches-a-new-record-high/en
Food and Agriculture Organization. Research on Measurement of Post-Harvest Losses. (n.d.). the FAO Statistics Working Paper Series. Retrieved April 14, 2025, from https://www.fao.org/3/cb6126en/cb6126en.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture: opportunities and challenges. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (2014)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). FAO Philippines country programming framework 2020–2024. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4236en
Fundamentals of Food Technology (n.d.). PDF Coffee. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from https://pdfcoffee.com/fundamentals-of-food-technology-1-pdf-free.html
Future of Fish. (2021). Structure of seafood supply chains. Retrieved from Reef Resilience network: https://reefresilience.org/coral-reef-fisheries- module/making-sense-of-wild-seafood-supply-chains/structureof-seafood- supply-chains.
International Journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering. 2017. Post- Harvest Losses in Agri-Food Supply Chain A Literature Review. Retrieved April 14, 2025, from https://www.ijarse.com/images/fullpdf/1491494167_IF20 20ijarse.
Garlock, T. M., Asche, F., Anderson, J. L., Eggert, H., Anderson, T. M., Che, B., Chávez, C. A., Chu, J., Chukwuone, N., Dey, M. M., & Fitzsimmons, K. (2024). Environmental, economic, and social sustainability in aquaculture: The aquaculture performance indicators. Nature Communications, 15(1), 5274. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-41002-x
Golimlim, J. T. F., & De Castro, E. G. (2023). Status of facilities and satisfaction in the delivery of services of Philippine Fisheries Development Authority- Bulan Fish Port Complex. United International Journal for Research & Technology, 4(7), 1-2.
Guevara, G. C., Esguerra, N. M., & Porciuncula, S. E. (1987). Post-harvest fish technology. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. old.belal.by/elib/fao/814.pdf
Haksever, C., Chaganti, R., & Cook, R. (2004). A model of value creation: Strategic view. Journal of Business Ethics, 52(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000033100.28694.e6
Hambrey, J. (2017). The 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals: The challenge for aquaculture development and management. FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/ai7808e.pdf
Hamilton-Hart, N., & Stringer, C. (2016). Upgrading and exploitation in the fishing industry: Contributions of value chain analysis. Marine Policy, 63, 166–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.020
Hart, N. H., Stringer, C., Upgrading and exploitation in the fishing industry: Contributions of value chain analysis, Marine Policy, Volume 63, 2016, Pages 166-171, ISSN 0308- 597X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.020.
Hossain, M. S., & Masud, A. A. (2012). Value stream analysis of dried fish's supply chain in Bangladesh. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 3(12). House of Congress. (1991). The local government code of the Philippines. Retrieved from Official Gazette: https://officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1991/10oct/19911010-RA-7160- CCA.pdf
Humphrey, J., & Oetero, A. (2000). Strategies for diversification and adding value to food exports: a value chain perspective. UN.
Investopedia. (n.d.). Commercialization. Investopedia. Retrieved May 1, 2025, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commercialization.asp
Islam, S. B., & Habib, M. M. (2013). Supply chain management in fishing industry: A case study. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2(2), 40–50.
Jacinto, E.R., Developing markets for small-scale fisheries: utilizing the value chain approach, in Pomeroy, R.S., Small-scale fisheriesmanagement: frameworks and approaches for the developing world, CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK and Cambridge. MA, USA, 2011.
Jimenez, E., Amaral, M. S., Costa, M., Lira, A., & & Fredou, F. (2020). Value chain dynamics and the socioeconomic drivers of small-scale fisheries on the amazon coast: A case study in the state of Amapa, Brazil. Journal on Marine Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103856.
Jimenez, S. C. S., de Morais, M. M. J., da Silva, M. G. J. I., & da Silva, M. V. L. (2020). Value chain dynamics of small-scale fisheries in the Amazon Coast: A comparative analysis of two case studies in the state of Pará, Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management, 194, 105260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105260
Kaminski, A. M., Genschick, S., Kefi, A. S., & Kruijssen, F. (2018). Commercialization and upgrading in the aquaculture value chain in Zambia. Aquaculture, 493, 355– 364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.12.048
Keerthana, P. S., Gopan, S., Rajabudeen, R., & Fathima, R. (2022). Post-harvest losses in the fisheries sector—facts, figures, challenges and strategies. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(3), 48–51. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2022.v10.i4b.2691
Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. (2011). M&C Division annual report 2010–2011. https://www.kmfri.co.ke/KMF/Annual%20Reports/M&C_Division_Annual %20Report_2010-2011.pdf
Kumar D. & Kalita P. (2017). Reducing Postharvest Losses during Storage of Grain Crops to Strengthen Food Security in Developing Countries. ADM Institute for the Prevention of Postharvest Loss. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801,USA.
Lem, A. (2014). Value chain dynamics and the small-scale sector-Policy recommendations for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture trade.
Mackinson et al., 2011. Engaging stakeholders in fisheries and marine research. Mar. Policy, 35 (2011), pp. 18-24, 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.07.003
Levkina, E. V., & Titova, N. Y. (2019). Efficiency assessment of supply chain policy in fishing industry functioning at the mesolevel. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 487–494.
Manalili, N. M., Yaptenco, K. F., & Manilay, A. A. (2015). Rapid appraisal of the postharvest facilities projects in the Philippines (PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2015-31). Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/127045/1/pidsdps1531. pdf
McLaughlin, J., & Jordan, B. (1999). Logic models: a tool for telling your program's performance story. Evaluation and Program Planning 22(1): 65-72.
Mehrotra, S. K., & Biggeri, M. (2007). Asian informal workers: Global risks local protection. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203966532
Miraflor, M. (2021, September 19). Decline of sardines catch in Bicol, Samar at alarming rate. Retrieved from Manilla Bulletin: https://mb.com.ph/2021/09/19/decline-of-sardines-catch-in-bicol-samar-at- alarming-rate/
Mitchell, J.A. (2017, May 21). APA Format Citation Guide. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/guides/apa-citation-guide/
Moctezuma, G.M., Analysis of value chain of the artisanal sea urchin fishery of Baja California, México, Marine Policy, Volume 172, 2025, 106509, ISSN 0308-597X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106509.
Municipal Agriculture Office. (2025). List of fisherfolks in the Municipality of Bulan. Bulan, Sorsogon: Local Government of Bulan.
Muyot, M. C., Balunan, R. L., & Mutia, M. T. M. (2021). Supply and value chain analysis of freshwater sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre 1927), in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Fisheries, 28(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.31398/tpjf/28.1.2020A0016
Naz, G. M., Fruto, B. O., & Bongalonta, M. B. (2022). Oversupply & price volatility of lawlaw fish in the Municipality of Bulan, Sorsogon, Philippines: A supply chain analysis. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 3(6), 126. https://www.scholarzest.com
Neven, D. Developing sustainable food value chains–Guiding principles. 2014. Rome.
Obispo, K. (2016). Lecture 1: Importance of Postharvest Technology. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/KarlLouisseObispo/lecture-1-importance-of- postharvest-technology
Oceana Philippines. (2017, June 28). Sardines from the Sea: A Short Documentary. Retrieved from Oceana PH: https://ph.oceana.org/our-campaigns/fisheries- management-areas/
Oceana Philippines. (2021, September 17). Oceana study bares alarming decline of sardines in Bicol, Samar due to overfishing. Retrieved from Oceana Ph: https://ph.oceana.org/press-releases/oceana-study-baresalarming-decline-of- sardines-in-bicol-samar-due-to-overfishing/
Oceana Philippines. (n.d). Establish national rules on fisheries management areas/protect sardines. Retrieved from Oceana Philippines: https://ph.oceana.org/our-campaigns/fisheries-management-areas/
Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422.
Ouréns, R., et al., Linking small-scale fisheries performance to governance attributes: A quantitative assessment from stakeholders' perceptions in the Americas and Europe, Marine Policy, Volume 136, 2022, 104876, ISSN 0308-597X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104876.
Ouréns, R., Melnychuk, M., Crowder, L. B., & Defeo, O. (2022). Governance attributes: A quantitative assessment from stakeholders' perceptions in the Americas and Europe. Marine Policy.
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). (2019). National State of the Oceans and Coasts 2018: Blue Economy Growth Report of the Philippines. PEMSEA. https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Publication%20Files/NSOC %20Philippines.pdf
Philippine Fisheries Development Authority. (2012). DTI programs and services (Program 1: Regional Fish Ports Program). inba.info. https://inba.info/2012dtiprogramsservicespdf_5758ac56b6d87f2c868b5015. html
Philippine Fisheries Development Authority Programs and services. (2021). Philippine Fisheries Development Authority. https://pfda.gov.ph/index.php/about-us#programs- and-services
Philippine Fisheries Development Authority. (2022). Annual report 2021. https://www.pfda.gov.ph/images/Annual_Report/AR_2021.pdf
Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS). (2015). Rapid appraisal of post- harvest facilities projects in the Philippines (Discussion Paper Series No. 2015-31). https://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/127045/1/pidsdps1531. pdf
Poole, N. (2017). Smallholder agriculture and market participation. FAO and Practical Action Publishing.
Porras, I., Mohammed, E., Ali, L., Ali, S., & Hussain, B. (2017). Power, profits and payments for ecosystem services in Hilsa fisheries in Bangladesh: A value chain analysis. Marine Policy, 60- 68.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.06.031
Porras, P. S., Obejero, J. R. B., & Ocfemia, R. V. (2017). Value chain analysis: A case study of the dried fish value chain in Cebu, Philippines. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 6(5), 188–197.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
STRAT.docx (n.d.). Course Hero. Retrieved May 6, 2025, from https://www.coursehero.com/file/124928239/STRATdocx/
Porter, M.E., Value Chain Analysis. Oxford Press Ltd. London, 1980.
Postharvest processing. Postharvest Processing an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2025, from https://sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural- and-biological-sciences/postharvest-processing
R.M. Rosales, R. Pomeroy, I.J. Calabio, M. Batong, K. Cedo, N. Escara, M.A. Sobrev ega. Value chain analysis and small-scale fisheries management. Mar. Policy, 83 (2017), pp. 11-21
Rosales, R. M., Jumin, R. B., Paringit, A. H., Palomeno, T. V., & Calabio, I. J. (2017). Value chain analysis and small-scale fisheries management. Marine Policy, 84, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.023
Salgados, L. (2020, June 11). Tamban is for us, not for big fishing vessels. Retrieved from Sunstar:https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1859744/Cagayan-De- Oro/Feature/Tamban-is-for-us-not-for-big-fishingvessels
Teh et al., 2019. The economic impact of global change on fishing and non-fishing households in the Tonle Sap ecosystem, Pursat, Cambodia Fish. Res., 210 (2019), pp. 71-80, 10.1016/j.fishres.2018.10.005
Tesfay, S., & Teferi, M. (2017). Assessment of fish post-harvest losses in Tekeze dam and Lake Hashenge fishery associations: northern Ethiopia. Agriculture & Food Security, 6(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-016-0081-5
Tsironi, T., & Taoukis, P. (2017). Post-harvest fish processing. In B. Caballero, P. M. Finglas, & F. Toldrá (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Food and Health (pp. 433–440). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100596-5.22618-8
Tsironi, T. N., & Taoukis, P. S. (2019). Advances in conventional and nonthermal processing of fish for quality improvement and shelf life extension. In Reference Module in Food Science. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08- 100596-5.22618-8
Wayne State University, Center for Urban Studies. (2014). Program action – Logic model. Retrieved from http://www.cus.wayne.edu/logic-model-development/
W.K. Kellogg Foundation. (2004). Logic model development guide. https://wkkf.org/resource/logic-model-development-guide
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
The data gathered were appended in the hardbound manuscript submitted to the Graduate School of University of Santo Tomas - Legazpi.
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jakim Timothy F. Golimlim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See the Effect of Open Access).
